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In Indonesia, dry noodles are one of the most widely consumed foods because they are easy to cook. The use of banana flour as a substitute for making noodles is an effort to diversify food in reducing imports of wheat flour. This study dried noodles were made from katuk leaf extract and from the substitution of banana kepok flour with wheat flour. The chemical and organoleptic properties of noodles added with banana kepok flour and katuk leaf extract as natural dyes are the focus of this study. A two-factor factorial Complete Randomized Design (RAL) was used in this study, specifically the ratio of wheat flour to cocoon banana flour (5:95, 10:90, 15:85 g) and the concentration of katuk leaf extract (10/100, 20/100, 30/100 ml). The results showed that katuk leaf dried noodles the ratio of cocoon banana flour and wheat flour 5:95 with katuk leaf extract 30g/100ml contain an ash content of 3.43%; protein content of 14.72%; crude fiber of 11.11%; antioxidant activity of 17.32%; reduced sugar content of 0.24%. The organoleptic test results of dry noodles of katuk leaves compared to banana kepok flour and wheat flour 5:95 with katuk leaf extract 30g/100ml resulted in a stable green color with a score of 2.95 (quite like), aroma 2.52 (strong enough), taste 2.10 (quite like), and overall liking 2.99 (quite like). The highest antioxidant activity parameter was obtained with a ratio of banana kepok flour and wheat flour 15:85 with katuk leaf extract 30g/100ml with a yield of 23.07%. The noodles that the panelists liked the most were the ratio of banana kepok flour and wheat flour 5:95 with katuk leaf extract 30g / 100ml with a result of 2.99 (quite like). Dried noodles made from katuk leaves and banana kepok have high enough antioxidant activity so that they can become nutritious foods that also have beneficial values for body health.

Gereja dan Israel merupakan dua tema dalam Alkitab yang merupakan umat Allah melalui pemilihan Allah sendiri. Setelah kedatangan Mesias yang kemudian ditolak oleh orang Israel namun oleh bangsa-bangsa lain diterima dan diimani, maka terbentuklah umat baru yakni mereka yang percaya kepada Sang Mesias tersebut. Keumatan gereja dan Israel kemudian sering menjadi sebuah perdebatan apakah gereja telah menggantikan Israel sebagai umat, lalu bagaimana hubungan Israel dan gereja. Untuk menemukan jawaban dari masalah ini, maka penulis akan melakukan kajian dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan studi kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan topik dan permasalahan yang diteliti. Penelitian ini penting untuk dilakukan guna menemukan jawaban yang bersifat akademis dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan mengenai hubungan Israel dan gereja sebagai umat Allah. Hasil penelitian ini kemudian memberikan wawasan mengenai kesatuan Israel dan gereja sebagai umat Allah, meskipun terdapat perbedaan dalam dua persekutuan tersebut. Israel dan gereja adalah satu sebagai umat Allah dalam peranannya sebagai pembawa terang.

This article aims to analyze the differences in stock performance before and after mergers and acquisitions in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The problem focuses on the impact of mergers and acquisitions on stock performance indicators, such as Stock Returns, Price Earnings Ratio (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), and Earnings Per Share (EPS). In order to approach this problem, theoretical references from financial management and market efficiency theory are used. Data were collected through financial statements of companies undergoing mergers and acquisitions in the 2018-2020 period and analyzed quantitatively using normality tests and significant difference tests with paired sample t-tests. This study concludes that mergers and acquisitions have a significant effect on increasing several stock performance indicators, especially Stock Returns and PBV, although the impact on PER and EPS varies depending on the industry sector and market conditions. The results of this study are expected to provide insight for investors and business actors in assessing the effectiveness of mergers and acquisitions as a company growth strategy.

Differences in Academic Stress Levels Judging from the Use of Stress Coping Strategies among UNP Psychology Students. This research aims to see differences in academic stress levels in terms of the use of stress coping strategies. The population in this study were psychology students at Padang State University with a sample of 41 participants. The hypothesis testing analysis technique used in this research is non-parametric One Way Anova analysis. The hypothesis of this research is H1 which states that there is a difference in the level of academic stress in terms of the use of stress coping strategies, and H0 which states that there is no difference in the level of academic stress in terms of the use of stress coping strategies. This research is a quantitative comparative type using the Perceived Academic Stress Scale (PASS) Bedewy & Gabriel (2015) modified by Ni Putu Regina Pramesta Putri (2021) and the Brief COPE stress coping scale compiled by Carver (1997). The results of data analysis show that there is no significant difference in the level of academic stress in terms of the use of stress coping strategies among UNP psychology students. Apart from that, the results of data analysis also show that UNP psychology students use more stress coping with the emotional focus coping type, and the average stress level of UNP psychology students is in the medium category and none is in the low category.    

Idayatul Khasanah (190701009). Differences in Optimism in Students of SMA NU 2 Gresik Reviewed by Gender. This study aims to determine the Differences in Optimism in Students of SMA NU 2 Gresik Reviewed from Gender. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a comparative method. Respondents in this study were students of SMA NU 2 Gresik. The sampling technique with nonprobability sampling using accidental sampling technique. A total of 110 respondents. The scale validity test uses content validity. Reliability test uses Alpha Cornbach. This study uses an optimism scale with a reliability of 0,885. Data analysis uses a different test, namely the independent sample t-test. The results of the hypothesis test show that the hypothesis of this study (Hₐ) is rejected because the Sig. (2-tailed) value is 0.076> 0.05. So, there is no significant difference in optimism in gender. The unproven hypothesis in this study can be caused by various factors that influence students' overall optimism. These factors include socio-economic conditions, the culture that applies in the student's environment, the area of residence (village or city), and social interaction patterns that are formed in schools and families.

Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang menginvestigasi perbedaan cara perhitungan harga pokok produksi (HPP) antara metode full costing dan variable costing pada produk Sate Lilit dan Tum Daging. Data diperoleh melalui kombinasi sumber primer dan sekunder di UKM Kubu Ajengan yang berlokasi di Banjar Taman Darmasaba, Badung, Bali, sebuah usaha yang mengusung kuliner rumahan dengan cita rasa autentik berdasarkan bumbu tradisional Genep.   Data dikumpulkan dengan cara pengamatan langsung dan analisis rinci atas komponen biaya produksi, yaitu biaya bahan baku, tenaga kerja langsung, serta overhead pabrik. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan perhitungan HPP antara kedua metode tidak signifikan, terutama karena porsi biaya tetap yang sangat kecil. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disarankan agar UKM secara rutin melakukan perhitungan HPP yang akurat guna meningkatkan pengendalian biaya serta menetapkan harga jual yang lebih kompetitif.

Tuna fisheries are a strategic sector in Indonesia's fishing industry, contributing significantly to the national economy. Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) has high economic value and is one of the main commodities in international trade. This study aims to analyze the effect of different longline setting times on albacore tuna catches in the Seas of Benoa Harbor. The setting times compared were morning (08:00–10:00) and afternoon (14:00–16:00), focusing on the quantity and weight of the catch. The research method used was an experimental approach with two setting time treatments and nine replications for each treatment. Data obtained were analyzed using a T-test to determine significant differences between morning and afternoon catches. The results showed that the average catch in the morning was higher than in the afternoon, both in terms of individual count and fish weight. The average fish weight obtained in the morning was 63.78 kg, while in the afternoon, it was only 28.67 kg. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between morning and afternoon catches, with a T-Statistic value of 2.38, which exceeded the T-Critical value (2.12) at a 5% significance level (p-value = 0.0366). This suggests that the morning setting time is more optimal for catching albacore tuna than the afternoon setting. Catch variation was also greater in the morning, as indicated by a higher standard deviation compared to the afternoon. This difference may be attributed to the daily migration patterns of albacore tuna, which are more active in feeding during the morning, as well as environmental factors such as water temperature and light intensity. Based on these findings, this study recommends that fishers in the Seas of Benoa Harbor should set their longline fishing gear in the morning to maximize their catch.

Giving probiotics such as probiotic boster on feed greatly helps the growth of absolute weight in Catfish seeds because the good bacteria contained in these probiotics help facilitate catfish seeds in digesting the feed so as to increase the efficiency of the feed. This study aims to see how effective the probiotic administration is. The study was conducted in Kramas District, Gianyar regency, Bali Province for 30 days using experimental methods, using a complete randomized design with a total of 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. Treatment A is by giving 3 ml of probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment B by giving 5 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment C by giving 7 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. Treatment D by giving 9 ml probiotic boster every 1 kg of feed. In this study showed significantly different results on the addition of probiotic boster with different doses on the growth of absolute weight of catfish fry aged 1 month-2 months. Treatment D gave the highest result with an absolute weight gain of 55.33 grams, and treatment a showed the lowest result with an absolute weight gain of 25.17 grams. Water quality Data during the study obtained water temperature ranges from 27-29 oC, acidity ranges from 7-8, and dissolved oxygen ranges from 3.34 to 4.26 ppm. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the three parameters of water quality there is no difference between the treatment and the life range of catfish fry (Clarias sp.)

The addition of probiotics such as Lactobacillus sp to fermented feed is expected to improve nutrient digestibility, suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and improve feed conversion efficiency, thereby promoting optimal shrimp growth. This study used an experimental method on vannamei shrimp doc 80 using a complete randomized design (RAL) with four treatments: P0 (feed without fermentation as a control), P1 (feed fermentation for 0 hours 10ml/100g with Lactobacillus sp), P2 (feed fermentation for 24 hours with 10ml/100g Lactobacillus sp), P3 (feed fermentation for 48 hours 10ml/100g Lactobacillus sp), P3 (feed fermentation for 72 hours 10ml/100g Lactobacillus sp) by doing 6 repetitions which were carried out for 1 month/30 days in the maintenance tub. The results showed that Treatment A without fermentation gave absolute growth with an average of 1 gr, Treatment B with no fermentation gave absolute growth with an average of 1.89 grams, Treatment C with a fermentation time of 48 hours gave absolute weight growth with an average of 2.15 grams, Treatment D with no fermentation gave absolute growth with an average of 0.74 grams. Meanwhile, the water quality parameters during the study were obtained with water temperature ranging from 28.3-29.6o C, pH ranging from 7.8-8.0, and dissolved oxygen ranging from 4.03-4.66 mg/l. With the anova test, the absolute weight growth showed that with different fermentation time differences, there was a real effect on the growth of vannamei shrimp in C treatment, which was 2.15 gr. And in the results of the anova test, the four water quality parameters were not different between the treatments and were in the optimal range in the life of vannamei shrimp. Based on this study, it can be suggested that the optimal fermented feed is in the time range of 48 hours and there is further research for doc 80 and above.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different percentages of natural feed (Tubifex sp.) and artificial feed on the absolute weight gain of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fry. The study was conducted at PBIAT Muntilan for 30 days using an experimental method. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments were as follows: A (100% pellet), B (75% pellet + 25% Tubifex sp.), C (50% pellet + 50% Tubifex sp.), D (25% pellet + 75% Tubifex sp.), and E (100% Tubifex sp.). ANOVA analysis showed that different proportions of natural feed (Tubifex sp.) and artificial feed significantly affected absolute weight gain. The most optimal feeding ratio for enhancing the absolute weight gain of striped catfish fry was found in treatment E, where 100% Tubifex sp. was provided, resulting in the highest absolute weight gain of 4.876 grams. Water Quality Parameters: During the study, the recorded water temperature ranged from 25.1 to 25.4ºC, pH ranged from 6.7 to 6.8, and dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.6 to 6.7 ppm. ANOVA analysis of these three water quality parameters showed no significant differences among treatments. However, the temperature was below the optimal range for the growth of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fry.

Hypertension, which is common in the elderly, is a condition when blood pressure increases abnormally when measured in the systolic and diastolic phases. Blood pressure that exceeds 140/90 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) may indicate the presence of a health condition in the individual. comparison of the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy and slow deep breathing on blood pressure of hypertensive clients at Perdha Pucang Gading Semarang is the main objective of this study. This study used a quantitative quasy-experiment method with a two group pretest and posttest group design, with 48 respondents selected through nonprobability sampling techniques. To ensure the normality assumption was met, the data was tested using the Shapiro-wilk test. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out with two types, namely paired t-test and independent t-test, to compare differences between data groups. The results showed that the elderly aged 60-75 years in the Panti experienced mild hypertension. Statistical analysis concluded that progressive muscle relaxation therapy and slow deep breathing were effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly (p<0.05). However, no substantial variation was found in the effectiveness between the two therapies in reducing systolic blood pressure (p 0.066>0.05).

Red snapper (Lutjanus sp) in Brondong waters, Lamongan Regency, is one of the main sources of livelihood for local fishermen. To increase the catch, optimizing the use of fishing gear, including setting time, is important. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in setting time on hand line fishing gear on red snapper catches. The study was conducted using the experimental fishing method, by dividing the setting time of hand line fishing gear into 2 treatments, namely morning 08.00-11.00 and afternoon 15.00-18.00. Based on the T test on paired samples, the average catch at 08.00-11.00 WIB was 2,131 with a total of 34.1 kg, while at 15.00-18.00 WIB, the average catch reached 6.4 with a total of 102.4 kg. The T-test results show that the t-count is greater than the t-table, so the null hypothesis is rejected and it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the red snapper catches in the two time periods. Red snapper tends to be more active in foraging in the afternoon to evening, in line with its nocturnal nature. Several studies have stated that predatory fish such as red snapper hunt more when the light begins to dim. However, other factors such as food availability and physical conditions of the waters can also affect fish feeding activity. These findings provide additional insight into the feeding behavior of red snapper and the factors that influence its presence in the waters.

This research was carried out to understand the effect of different types of bait on the catch of Kurisi fish (Nemipterus sp.) using hand lines in the waters of Lepar Pongok District, South Bangka Regency. This area is part of the Republic of Indonesia State Fisheries Management Area (WPPNRI) 711, which includes the waters of the Karimata Strait, Natuna Sea and South China Sea, as stipulated in Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 18 of 2014. Kurisi fish, which have high economic value and are the target of local fishermen, are a type of demersal fish that live in shallow waters with coral reefs. Sustainable fisheries management is very necessary to support the fisheries sector which plays an important role in the welfare of coastal communities. This research used three types of artificial bait, namely red rapia rope, blue rapia rope, and yellow rope using the Experimental Fishing method and Randomized Group Design (RAK). Catch data is measured in number of tails and weight (kg), then analyzed to determine the most effective bait in increasing catches. With these results, it is hoped that the research can contribute to improving the welfare of fishermen and support sustainable management of fisheries resources in the research area.

Artikel ini mengkaji culture shock yang dialami oleh mahasiswa program Pertukaran Mahasiswa Merdeka (PMM) asal Jawa yang mengikuti program studi di Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengalaman dan dampak culture shock terhadap mahasiswa dalam proses adaptasi budaya, sosial, dan akademik mereka. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan observasi partisipatif, studi ini menemukan bahwa mahasiswa asal Jawa mengalami berbagai tantangan budaya seperti perbedaan adat istiadat, bahasa, pola hidup, dan kebiasaan masyarakat setempat yang cukup berbeda dengan kehidupan mereka di Jawa. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar mahasiswa berhasil mengatasi kesulitan tersebut melalui proses pembelajaran sosial dan kultural yang mendalam. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya dukungan akademik dan sosial dalam mempercepat proses adaptasi bagi mahasiswa yang mengikuti program pertukaran antar daerah, serta memberikan wawasan tentang keragaman budaya Indonesia yang dapat memperkaya pengalaman pendidikan.

This research aims to analyze the effect of different setting depths of handline fishing gear on catches of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Mentawai waters which are landed at the Bungus Ocean Fishing Port. The research was carried out using field experimental methods at three setting depths, namely 25 meters, 50 meters and 75 meters. The research results show that a depth of 25 meters produces the most optimal catch compared to other depths. This depth has the advantages of abundant availability of target fish, optimal visibility, as well as temperatures and oxygen levels that support fish activity. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference test (LSD). The analysis results show that differences in depth have a very real influence (**). These findings provide practical guidance in optimizing fishing gear depth to increase catch yields sustainably.

30 detik (dosis 991,67 J/m2) atau 50 detik (dosis 1652,79 J/m2) terhadap kerusakan materi genetik. 10 atau 15 menit setelah pembuahan pada suhu 40°C selama 90 detik dengan kejutan panas 90 detik untuk menentukan efisiensi diploidisasi telur sirip perak yang dinilai berdasarkan morfologi atau penampilan larva yang abnormal (atau haploid). silverwood untuk mendapatkan nilai androgen diploid yang ditentukan menggunakan larva morfologi normal (atau diploid) yang mirip dengan kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata pada rata-rata kesuburan perlakuan.

One of the fishing tools that is widely used by fishermen in the Pati waters of Central Java is the gill net. This tool has relatively higher productivity and efficiency compared to several other fishing tools because it can catch large numbers of fish when operated. It is one of the fishing tools that is environmentally friendly and popular to use because its operation is not too complicated and is good for development. The purpose of this Field Work Practice is to determine the effect of operational time of gill net fishing equipment on mackerel fish catches in. This Field Work Practice also aims to determine gill net operational times for mackerel fish catches. Data was obtained by conducting experiments from two different treatments, each treatment was repeated 16 times to obtain a total of 32 data. The research method used is the experimental fishing method using t-test analysis, homogeneity test, normality test.  The results of the T-test on 16 repetitions at 07.00-10.00 WIB and 15.00-18.00 WIB were with an average amount of 205.7 kg and 244.4 kg so that a sign (2-tailed) result of 0.004 < 0.05 could be obtained. From the results of the T-test, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is an average difference between the results of tagkapan at 07.00-10.00 WIB and 15.00-18.00 WIB which is influenced by several factors. So it can be concluded that differences in gill net operational times have an effect on mackerel fish. The fishing operation time of 15.00-18.00 WIB is the best operational time compared to 07.00-10.00 WIB which is caused by oceanographic factors, technical factors and natural factors.

The aim of this study is to examine the differences in levels of homesickness between male and female first-year students who are away from home at Universitas Negeri Padang. This research uses a quantitative method with a comparative research design. The research population includes all active students from the 2024 cohort who are from outside the city and live far from their immediate family while pursuing their studies. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, with a total of 200 students, consisting of 100 male and 100 female students. Data was collected using a homesickness scale questionnaire developed by Archer (1998) and constructed by Sinantia et al. (2024). The results of the study reveal a significant difference in homesickness levels between male and female students, with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). The score distribution shows that the majority of female students fall into the high category (51%), while the majority of male students fall into the moderate category (58%).

Background: First aid is the initial action provided to an individual who experiences an injury or emergency condition before receiving further medical assistance. Adequate first aid knowledge is crucial in preventing further injuries and even death. According to WHO data (2018), accidents are the leading cause of injury and death among school-aged children. SMA Santo Thomas 1 Medan has a School Health Unit (UKS), yet many students still have limited knowledge of first aid. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of the audiovisual method in improving students' first aid knowledge. Objective: This study aims to examine the difference in first aid knowledge levels before and after receiving health education using the audiovisual method among 11th-grade students at SMA Santo Thomas 1 Medan in 2024. Results: This research employed a quantitative descriptive method with a pre-post test design without a control group. The sample consisted of 81 randomly selected students. Before receiving health education, 93.8% of students had good knowledge, while 6.2% had sufficient knowledge. After the intervention using the audiovisual method, all students (100%) demonstrated good knowledge. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the audiovisual method is effective in enhancing students' first aid knowledge. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate this method into school health education programs to improve students' preparedness in handling emergency situations.  

The diversity of schools of jurisprudence in Islam, such as Hanafi, Maliki, Syafii, Hanbali, and Shia, reflects various legal approaches that develop according to their respective social, cultural and historical contexts. The four Sunni schools of thought have different methodologies, but are still based on the Koran and Hadith. The Hanafi school of thought is known to be flexible in its legal interpretation, while the Maliki school prioritizes the practices of the people of Medina. Syafii stands out for his systematic use of hadith, while Hanbali is more strict in following authentic hadith. The Shia school of thought with its distinctive characteristics also enriches the understanding of Islamic jurisprudence. This diversity shows that Islamic law is dynamic and contextual, allowing adaptation to changes in time and place. Therefore, Muslims need to prioritize tolerance and respect differences. The diversity of sects is not a cause of division, but rather a means of deepening religious understanding and practice. Dialogue between schools of thought is the key to strengthening unity, increasing mutual understanding, and creating harmony in social life.