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Biofilms are surface-adhering communities of microorganisms that produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and can grow on any surface, including metal, plastic, glass, soil particles, stainless steel, wood, and biotic surface. biofilm infections lead to different disorders, for instance, diabetes mellitus, dental caries, medical implants and wound infections that significantly affect the quality of life, cancer development, and subsequently, increase the global morbidity rate.This study aims to summarize the recent evidence supporting the potentional of probiotic and natural ingridient as antibiofilm and antibacterial using a PRISMA-oriented (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) statement. This review found significant aspects exemplified by the properties of probiotics and natural ingridients related to as antibiofilm and antibacterial for further indepth studies to make it into pilot scales.

Synthetic dyes contain naphthol dyes, one of which contains Cr metal. tie woven wastewater treatment can be carried out using adsorption methods, one of which is using activated charcoal. This study aims to determine the effect of using coffee grounds as an adsorbent on woven textile waste. The method in this study is an experimental method in the form of Posttest Only Control Group Design. The test parameters include the degree of acidity (pH), organoleptic test, and Chromium (Cr) content test. The results showed that the pH test before contact with activated charcoal had a pH value of 5 (acid), after contact with activated charcoal the pH value became 7 (neutral). Thus, the pH value can be said to meet the quality standards of tie-weaving liquid waste. Meanwhile, in organoleptic testing, there was a change in color from black waste to clear yellow. Whereas in testing the Cr level before contact with activated charcoal reached 4.60 mg/l after the addition of a dose of activated charcoal the Cr level decreased to 0.46 mg/l, 0.22 mg/l, and 0.38 mg/l. The effectiveness of the adsorbent ability of the Cr content test in each treatment (P1, P2, P3), still meets the requirements for the quality standard of woven textile wastewater from Cr metal dyes, SNI No 06-6989-22-2004, it can be concluded that the addition of coffee grounds has an effect on of textile woven wastewater.

During the process of making sambiloto simplicial which involves heat, it can cause degradation of chlorophyll. Increasing the stability of chlorophyll can be done by forming Zn-chlorophyll complexes with metals which are be able to form complexes where more stable than Mg such as by using Zn. The aim of this research is to determine how the physical and chemical characteristics of the bitter simplicia powder produced are influenced by the type of reagent and the concentration of the reagent when heated in an oven. Simplicia bitter powder is made through a sorting, grinding and sieving process. Next, the zinc chloride and zinc acetate reagents were mixed with concentrations of 0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm, and then dried. The results showed a real effect (p value <0.05) of the interaction between the types of ZnCl2 and Zn acetate reagents and the reagent concentration on color intensity, color stability, water content, ash content and chlorophyll content. The higher the concentration of ZnCl2 and Zn acetate, the higher the water content, ash content, chlorophyll content, L*, and -a*, while b* and ∆E decrease. At a concentration of 500 ppm ZnCl2 showed an increase in water, ash, chlorophyll, ∆E, L*, and a* content while b* decreased. Meanwhile, Zn acetate 500 ppm moisture content, ash content, chlorophyll content, L*, and ∆E decreased, while a* and b* increased. Sambiloto simplicia powder which has the highest chlorophyll content is Zn acetate 400 ppm, with characteristics of water content 6.81% ww, ash content 15.74% ww, total chlorophyll 397.97 mg/100 g ww, green color intensity (-a) -2.93, and ∆E 5.48.

This article examines the semantic meaning in the Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra (Heart Sūtra), one of the important sūtras in the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. Using a qualitative approach, this article integrates semantic and hermeneutical theories to understand the structure of meaning, symbolism, and interpretation contained in the text. The analysis focuses on key words such as śūnyatā (emptiness), negation structures, and closing mantras as symbolic forms towards enlightenment. The study employs close reading methodology combined with semantic field theory, polysemy analysis, and apophatic language frameworks. The results show that a semantic approach deepens the understanding of Buddha's teachings and their relevance in spiritual practice. This article also highlights how meaning in the text is not only linguistic, but also existential and contemplative, demonstrating that religious language in Mahāyāna functions as metalanguage pointing beyond conceptual understanding.

Previously known as Alalak's hometown,  it is now divided into two villages, namely South Alalak village and  North Alalak village, located in North Banjarmasin District from 1970 to 2000. This area was famous  as a center for the wood processing industry for building materials, but is now starting to be abandoned. dim because wood is also rare. Wooden materials were replaced with concrete beams, steel and metal rafters. Alalak Village looks very shabby, the houses are built  mostly from irregular wood. However, there is something interesting in the Alalak River village which is visited by every  local/regional, national and international holiday tourist. They wanted to witness the Floating Market activity as a rare custom in the form of  buying and selling activities where sellers and buyers use boats or in the banjo term called catamarans.  This empty  village needs to be managed by building a riverside buffer area in the form of a long embankment with a width of 8.0 meters to 12.0 meters. The embankment material is planted with trees according to its purpose as protection  from wind, waves and sunlight. The length of the embankment as a Buffer Zone for  this building was built in  stages in accordance with  the budget set by  the Banjarmasin City River and Drainage Department  . Thinking about  the need to organize dense residential and slum areas on the banks of this river from literature, videos about Buffer Zones in earthquake and tsunami prone areas in Japan which implement these zones as places of effort to withstand very large tsunami waves.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the variables of inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates on stock prices in metal sub-sector companies and the like listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016 - 2021. The population in this study were all metal sub-sector companies and the like as many as 16 companies, then the researchers used a sampling technique using purposive sampling method. The results of this study indicate that the probability value of the inflation variable of 0.1955 is greater than the significant value of 0.05 so that inflation has no partial effect on stock prices. The interest rate variable has no significant effect partially on stock prices where the probability value of 0.2426 is greater than the significant value of 0.05. The exchange rate variable has a partially significant effect on stock prices where the probability value of 0.0247 is smaller than the significant value of 0.05. Inflation, interest rate, and exchange rate variables together have a significant effect on stock prices where the F-statistic probability value of 0.000 is smaller than the significant value of 0.05.

Carbon monoxide is called the "silent killer" because this gas is colorless and odorless. This gas is produced from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Carbon monoxide, referred to as CO, is flammable and very dangerous but is non-irritating and tasteless, making it difficult to detect by the human senses. Carbon monoxide can form naturally or artificially. Human activities are the main source of its formation. Carbon monoxide (CO) which comes from nature is CO gas which comes from oceans, mountains, forest fires, electrical storms and metal oxidation in the atmosphere. The source of CO gas that comes from human activities generally comes from incomplete combustion processes, such as the combustion process that occurs in motorized vehicles, burning coal, combustion products from industrial machines, cigarette smoke or other combustion that produces gas. This research aims to determine the effect of carbon monoxide on the environment and health. The method used in this writing is literature study. The library sources taken in compiling this literature study were through journals taken from the Google Scholar website. The results are based on a review of (number of journals) journals related to the title, namely the effect of carbon emissions on damage to air quality and environmental pollution.

Salt is a source of electrolytes and iodine which are very important for the human body. East Kalimantan Province has the potential for diverse coastal and marine resources with high economic value, so it has great potential for optimal, effective, efficient and sustainable management. This research aims to determine the compound content of krosok salt that will be distributed to the public with NSI. This research method is based on NSI 3556:2016 and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method, including: (1) Water content analysis; (2) Analysis of the part that is not soluble in water; (3) NaCl content; (4) KIO3 levels; (5) Analysis of metal contamination. This research was conducted on krosok salt in Kersik Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The NaCl salt content does not meet the minimum NSI requirements, namely 94%. Meanwhile, Pb, Cd, metal contamination meets the requirements with values ​​below 10 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg.

Along with increasingly rapid technological developments in our country, the number of existing industries is increasing. Apart from producing useful products, this industry also produces waste. The waste produced contains a lot of heavy metals, one of which is the heavy metal lead. If the lead metal in the waste receives little treatment, this can cause pollution in the environment, even though this waste is present in small quantities, the lead condition is unstable and if it accumulates in the body, it can ultimately trigger cancer cells (carcinogenic) which can be dangerous for health. . In this research, adsorption of PB2+ ions was carried out on canned ground meat, where heavy metal contamination occurred in the ground meat. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the absorption of heavy metals (Pb) contained in ground beef and their characteristics. The uptake of PB2+ ions in ground beef, measuring the concentration of PB2+ ions before and after receiving treatment, was carried out using an instrument, namely AAS, at a wavelength of 217nm. The research results showed that the effectiveness of ground beef in absorbing PB2+ ions in canned food was as high as brand a: 0.023; brand b: 0.009; brand c: 0.006

Fractal structures play a crucial role in improving material properties due to their unique self-similar geometries. These geometrical patterns exhibit repetition at multiple scales, which can enhance surface area, strength, and other mechanical characteristics. This study investigates the influence of fractal patterns on the crystal growth and mechanical performance of metallic materials, focusing on strength, toughness, and hardness. Using a combination of computer simulations and laboratory experiments, the research models metal crystal formation under controlled conditions, where fractal characteristics are introduced through diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) and electrodeposition methods. The findings reveal that embedding fractal patterns into the crystal growth process can increase material strength by approximately 20% compared to conventionally structured metals. This improvement is attributed to the efficient stress distribution within the fractal geometry, which minimizes stress concentration points and enhances resistance to fracture. Additionally, materials with fractal-based microstructures exhibit better toughness and deformation resistance, improving durability under mechanical load. The study also examines the underlying mechanisms of these effects, emphasizing the role of fractal-induced microstructural control in optimizing material integrity. These results demonstrate the significant potential of fractal-based material design in engineering stronger, lighter, and more flexible metallic components. The research contributes to the broader understanding of how geometric complexity can be harnessed to develop advanced materials for applications in construction, automotive manufacturing, and flexible electronics, thereby supporting the development of next-generation high-performance materials.

Currently in the city of Padang itself, death metal music is also widely favored among young people, marked by the emergence of many local bands in the death metal genre, one of which is called Norbit. Norbit is a Death Metal Cluster from Padang which was born in 2021 with 5 personnel, namely Adan Est as Vocalist, Cruelhammer as Guitarist, Blacksun as Bassist, Shiryo as Drummer and Juggernaut as Guitarist. The first single released by Norbit is titled Genocide. The number of metal bands like Norbit that develop in the middle of Padang city is a challenge for Norbit to compete, especially in introducing Norbit to the public and metal band lovers. One form of introduction is merchandise promotion. Based on the results of initial interviews with Norbit's vocalist about the promotion of merchandise clothes that have been done, it appears that the promotion of merchandise that has been done before is less effective and does not increase sales of Norbit clothes. The main media design that the author will use is in the form of promotional videos with cinematic techniques that will be published on social media such as Youtube and Instagram.The design of Norbit band merchandise promotion uses the Glass Box method, a rational thinking method that objectively and systematically examines things logically and is free from irrational thoughts and considerations.      

E-waste has become a critical global issue due to the rapid growth of electronic product consumption and the environmental risks associated with improper disposal. Traditional disposal methods, such as landfilling and incineration, are no longer sustainable as they lead to environmental degradation, health hazards, and loss of valuable resources. In contrast, remanufacturing, a key component of the circular economy, offers a more sustainable solution. This study explores the effectiveness of remanufacturing as a strategy for e-waste management, focusing on its ability to reduce waste generation and improve material efficiency in the electronics industry. The research utilizes a case study approach, examining industrial-scale remanufacturing processes, including material input-output analysis to track resource flows and waste streams. The findings reveal a significant reduction in e-waste generation, with up to a 50% decrease in waste volume, and substantial improvements in material recovery, particularly in metals like gold and copper. Additionally, the study highlights the economic and environmental benefits of remanufacturing, such as cost savings and resource conservation. However, the study also identifies barriers to the widespread adoption of remanufacturing, including technological, financial, and regulatory challenges. The results underscore the potential of a circular-economy-based remanufacturing model as a sustainable solution for the electronics industry. The study calls for further research into improving remanufacturing technologies, enhancing policy frameworks, and expanding circular economy practices across various industries.

Ethereal is a band that plays post black metal music in the city of Padang. However, the lack of introduction in the form of visual media to the Ethereal band causes few underground music lovers to know the identity of the Ethereal band. This design is carried out in order to increase the existence of the post black metal genre in Padang city and optimize and provide consistency to the introduction of the Ethereal band's identity so that it can be better known and remembered by the target audience. This design uses the Design Thingking method, so it can be concluded that in this design a problem is sourced to an empathy, the need for solutions to existing problems, then keep testing for improvement. Therefore, a manual book was made as the main media to introduce the Ethereal band to the target audience. By using data analysis called SWOT (strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities, threats). and supported by various supporting media on the visual branding of the Ethereal band in the form of: Digital Catalog, Poster, Ticket, T-shirt, Tumblr, Emblem, and Sticker Pack.

When welding, you don't have to connect two metal materials, you can also weld the thickness of the component. Steel is a metal material that can be used in the engineering field to make alloys of other metals so that they can have better material properties than the original metal material. One thing that can be done to increase resistance to wear is to increase the surface hardness of the workpiece. This research carried out an analysis to increase the hardness of the surface of low carbon steel after heat treatment for 60 minutes with variations in quenching media resulting from hardfacing using SMAW welding (shield metal arc welding) with DC+ and DC- polarities. The data analysis technique used in this research is specimen testing. The results obtained later by the research show that DC+ polarity has higher hardness in all specimens tested with a value of 418.66 VHN water quenching, 402.8 VHN oil quenching, 348 VHN non-treatment when compared with DC- polarity with a value of 405, 92 VHN quenching water, 374.02 VHN quenching oil and 323.38 VHN non-treatment. Quenching media with water obtained the highest hardness results with a value of 405.92 VHN.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance in the automotive sector of PT Astra Internasional Tbk, PT Garuda Metalindo Tbk, and PT Indomobil Sukses Internasional Tbk during the 2020-2022 period. The analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive research methods. Explaining that descriptive research is research that seeks to describe a symptom or event that is happening. The results showed that the financial performance of the three automotive companies improved in 2022 compared to 2020. This is indicated by an increase in financial ratios, such as liquidity ratio, activity ratio, solvency ratio, profitability ratio and market ratio. Based on Time Series and Cross Section Analysis, it can be concluded that PT Garuda Metalindo is a company that has high growth prospects than PT Astra Internasional Tbk and PT Indomobil Sukses Internasional Tbk.

Abstract. UD Cantenan is an industrial company engaged in metal casting, especially made from Aluminum. This company is known to have quality control problems in the manufacture of lip handle products and canal parts. The result of this problem is defective products in the lip handle and canal parts. In this case, of course, the company will spend more to repair the product so that the company experiences losses. Companies need to find ways to reduce the number of defective products. In this study, the Six Sigma method was used with DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve Control) and TRIZ stages to analyze and provide solutions to improve problems that occurred in the company. Based on the research conducted, at the define stage there are 3 types of defects in the lip handle product and canal parts, namely small scratches, small pinholes, and asymmetrical patterns. Then the measure stage obtained the percentage of small scratch defects of 54.47%, small pinholes of 17.3% and asymmetrical patterns of 28.2%. The average DPMO score obtained is 25,720 with a sigma level of 3.45 which shows that UD Cantenan can be categorized as good for industry in Indonesia. Furthermore, at the analysis stage Based on the identification of causal factors using FMEA analysis, it is known that the biggest contributing factor to failure is operator error in the operation of the milling machine. Then at the improve stage, make improvement proposals based on obtaining the highest RPN value from the factors causing disability using the TRIZ method. And the last stage, namely control, is the result of proposed improvements that can be made by the company to solve problems to reduce the number of product defects that occur during the production process.

PT Atlantic Anugrah Metalindo is a manufacturing company that produces costumize products, steel door systems and fireproof doors. Currently PT Atlantic Anugrah Metalindo is producing 100 units of pallet rack manufacturing with customers from PT X so that proper material requirements planning is needed. The purpose of this research is to determine the material requirements of pallet racks optimally and efficiently. This research requires calculating the Bill of Materials (BOM) using the Cutting plane method and controlling the production process to run effectively and efficiently. Based on the calculations that have been carried out, the results show that for 2 mm thick mild steel material requirements, 6 sheets of plate are needed, 3 mm thick mild steel requires 173 sheets of plate, 3.6 mm thick mild steel requires 12 sheets of plate and 5 mm thick mild steel requires 12 sheets of plate. So that from these calculations PT Atlantic Anugrah Metalindo is expected to minimize the material requirements of pallet rack products.

Disiplin Kerja karyawan sangat penting untuk meningkatkan Kinerja karyawan. Disiplin kerja berkaitan erat dengan budaya kerja dan motivasi kerja karyawan. Disiplin kerja karyawan dihipotesiskan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan di Industri Logam di Tegal. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua tempat yaitu di Kota Tegal dan Kabupaten Tegal dari 100 data industry terdapat total populasi 170 karyawan, sesuai rumus Slovin di setiap perusahaan di ambil 2 sampai dengan 3 karyawan, dan diperoleh sampel 116 orang, sebagai sampel. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Software Amos 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Budaya Kerja Karyawan dan Motivasi Kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan dan berdampak positif pula pada Kinerja Karyawan.  Penelitian ini  untuk memberikan dukungan bagi pemilik maupun stakeholders dalam Pengambilan Keputusan bahwa Disiplin Kerja, di dasarkan Budaya Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja sangat tepat  sehingga memberi pengaruh positif pada Kinerja Karyawan.   Employee work discipline is very important to improve employee performance. Work discipline is closely related to work culture and employee work motivation. Employee work discipline is hypothesized to have a positive effect on employee performance in the Metal Industry in Tegal. This research was conducted in two places, namely in Tegal City and Tegal Regency. From 100 industry data there was a total population of 170 employees. According to the Slovin formula, 2 to 3 employees were taken in each company, and a sample of 116 people was obtained as a sample. The research was conducted using Amos 22 Software. The results of the research show that Employee Work Culture and Work Motivation have a significant positive effect on Employee Work Discipline and also have a positive impact on Employee Performance. This research is to provide support for owners and stakeholders in making decisions that work discipline, based on work culture and work motivation, is very appropriate so that it has a positive influence on employee performance.

Artificial intelligence technology in the industrial era 4.0 provides innovative breakthroughs and can be applied in various sectors of life. Artificial intelligence is also often found in literary works. The purpose of this study is to determine the use of artificial intelligence technology in the novel Hujan by Tere Liye. The method used in this research is to use a hermeneutic approach, which provides an interpretation of the text. Based on the results of analysis and discussion, there are several artificial intelligence technologies contained in the novel, including 1) Robots, 2) Cars, 3) Smart Hotels, 4) Metal Earrings found both in direct descriptions and dialog between characters.

. This research was conducted to analyze the quality of the coating process at PT Swadaya Graha using the Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. Primary and secondary data collection was carried out in this research. The research results showed that there were five types of defects, namely polishing marks, orange peel, dustpray, sagging and cracking. Based on the FMEA method, the defect rating is determined based on the resulting cumulative percentage value where the highest value is obtained for orange peel defects at 41.7%. This defect was analyzed and it was found that one of the causal factors was the incorrect application of the spreading rate. This factor is obtained from an RPN value of 120. From this research it can be concluded that the FMEA method can be used as a tool to minimize defects in the coating process and analyze improvements that should be prioritized..