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This study aims to analyze the ability of elementary school teachers in compiling digital student learning outcome reports, and to identify the factors that influence it. This study was conducted through a library research method by reviewing various scientific articles, books, and empirical reports related to the use of technology in elementary education. The results of the study indicate that teachers' ability in digital reporting is influenced by age, educational background, teaching experience, and involvement in ICT training. The use of reporting applications such as Microsoft Excel, e-Rapor, and Learning Management System (LMS) is still limited, especially in advanced features that actually greatly support reporting efficiency. The main obstacles faced by teachers include lack of ongoing training, limited infrastructure, administrative burden, and mental attitude towards technology. As an improvement strategy, this study recommends tiered technical training, technical guidance at the school level, strengthening learning communities such as KKG and MGMP, and integration of ICT training in the Continuous Professional Development (PKB) program. This research is expected to be the basis for making policies that are more adaptive to the needs of teachers in the digital era.

The Green Economy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have the same goal as an environmentally friendly and sustainable development program. This research aims to examine the implementation of Green Economy in villages as a strategy to realize Village SDGs. More precisely, to describe and analyze the implementation of the green economy in rural areas, as well as analyze the important reasons for the Green Economy in realizing the Village SDGs. This research is a literature study (library research), using a qualitative approach. The data source used is a secondary data source. Data was obtained through literature and documentation. The research results show that the implementation of a Green Economy can start from villages, such as sustainable waste management, establishing micro hydro power plants, solar power plants, using natural dyes in home batik businesses, and green farming. Green Economy is very important in realizing Village SDGs, as an effort to protect the environment and natural resources; promote social equality and inclusion; and building a resilient and sustainable economy.

The purpose of the study was to determine the Deming quality assurance system model and its application in education. This study uses a library research type. Literature research as a research conducted by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of the study indicate that the quality assurance system model according to Deming emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction and continuous improvement through 14 famous points. Deming also stated that the majority of production failures are caused by managers, so improving the quality of managers is the key to improving overall quality. The PDCA ( Plan, Do, Check, Action ) management function developed by Deming is the basis for managing continuous quality improvement and is the basis for the development of Total Quality Management (TQM).

Abstract, This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the legal reconstruction efforts based on the Maqasid al-Shari’ah perspective, as reflected in the decision issued by the Supreme Court, in order to provide a legal breakthrough in the distribution of inheritance through the concept of wasiat wajibah (compulsory will) for non-Muslim heirs. The difference in religious affiliation within family law gives rise to serious inheritance issues, as Islamic law strictly prohibits inheritance between people of different religions. In order to maintain national unity and integrity, the Supreme Court issued Decision Number 331 K/AG/2018, which grants the right to a wasiat wajibah to heirs who have converted out of Islam or are non-Muslims. This study is a normative juridical research that employs two legal approaches: the conceptual approach and the analytical approach. The data collection technique used to achieve the research objectives is library-based documentation study. The findings show that all judicial bodies in Indonesia must refer to Article 49, Articles 1 and 2 of the 1989 Law concerning legal provisions on litigation, management, and enforcement of civil litigation in inheritance cases. Furthermore, Qur’an Surah An-Nisa verse 141 and Hadiths from Al-Bukhari and Muslim explain that Islamic identity must be a determining factor for heirs, disregarding wills that are not valid under Islamic law. Based on the results, it can be concluded that a wasiat wajibah for apostate or non-Muslim heirs is treated not as an inheritance, but as a special bequest. According to the Maqasid al-Shari’ah, which serves as the foundation for achieving the objectives of Islamic law through its five core principles of protection, the concept of wasiat wajibah for non-Muslim heirs plays a crucial role in: preserving religion by fostering interfaith tolerance; preserving life by preventing familial conflict; preserving intellect by ensuring access to education for non-Muslim descendants; preserving lineage by recognizing the rights of children as biological heirs through inheritance; and preserving wealth by ensuring the rightful and responsible transfer of ownership of the deceased’s estate.    

Attendance management is an essential component in educational institutions, companies, and organizations to monitor the presence and punctuality of participants. Traditional attendance systems, such as manual signatures or identification cards, are prone to various issues including human error, time inefficiency, and identity fraud. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop a smart attendance system using facial recognition technology based on Python and the OpenCV library. The system is designed to automatically detect and recognize faces in real time using a webcam or camera module. It employs computer vision techniques to capture facial images, extract unique features, and match them against a stored database of registered participants. Once the face is verified, the system records the attendance along with a timestamp, ensuring data accuracy and security. The development process involved several stages, including image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. OpenCV was utilized for image processing tasks, while Python provided the programming framework to integrate all components. To enhance recognition accuracy, the system applied techniques such as histogram equalization for lighting normalization and Haar Cascade classifiers for initial face detection. An experimental evaluation was conducted under various conditions, including different lighting environments and facial orientations. The results demonstrated that the system achieved an accuracy rate of 96% under normal lighting conditions, with only a small decrease in performance under dim or uneven lighting. These findings indicate that the system is reliable for practical applications, especially in controlled environments. Conclusion: The Python-based facial recognition attendance system offers a more efficient, secure, and accurate alternative to conventional attendance methods. Future improvements may include the integration of deep learning models to enhance recognition robustness in diverse real-world scenarios.

Attendance management is an essential component in educational institutions, companies, and organizations to monitor the presence and punctuality of participants. Traditional attendance systems, such as manual signatures or identification cards, are prone to various issues including human error, time inefficiency, and identity fraud. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop a smart attendance system using facial recognition technology based on Python and the OpenCV library. The system is designed to automatically detect and recognize faces in real time using a webcam or camera module. It employs computer vision techniques to capture facial images, extract unique features, and match them against a stored database of registered participants. Once the face is verified, the system records the attendance along with a timestamp, ensuring data accuracy and security. The development process involved several stages, including image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. OpenCV was utilized for image processing tasks, while Python provided the programming framework to integrate all components. To enhance recognition accuracy, the system applied techniques such as histogram equalization for lighting normalization and Haar Cascade classifiers for initial face detection. An experimental evaluation was conducted under various conditions, including different lighting environments and facial orientations. The results demonstrated that the system achieved an accuracy rate of 96% under normal lighting conditions, with only a small decrease in performance under dim or uneven lighting. These findings indicate that the system is reliable for practical applications, especially in controlled environments. Conclusion: The Python-based facial recognition attendance system offers a more efficient, secure, and accurate alternative to conventional attendance methods. Future improvements may include the integration of deep learning models to enhance recognition robustness in diverse real-world scenarios.

Buddhist education in the millennial era faces various internal and external challenges, especially in adapting to the character of the younger generation who are highly dependent on information technology but weak in filtering moral values. Buddhist educational institutions also still face structural problems such as limited human resources, lack of contextual strengthening of Dhamma values, and an institutional image that is not yet strong in society. This study uses a library research method with content analysis and hermeneutics techniques to explore the relevance of Buddhist teachings to the dynamics of modern education. In the context of the Merdeka Belajar policy, Buddhist education has a great opportunity to transform through a flexible learning approach, strengthening student character, integrating spiritual values, and improving education management. In addition, the implementation of Buddhist leadership principles such as the Dasa Raja Dhamma and meditation practices can be a distinctive force that distinguishes Buddhist schools from other institutions. This transformation requires the active role of teachers, principals, foundations, and Buddhist organizations to synergize in building meaningful and competitive education in the digital era.

This study aims to provide an overview of the consumption patterns of Generation Z and how they relate to inflation from an Islamic economics perspective. A library research strategy is used in this investigation. Information was gathered from a number of sources, such as books, journals, and other problem-related scientific resources. The results indicate that Gen Z's consumption habits could lead to demand-pull inflation, or an increase in inflation. Prices rise when the supply cannot keep up with the substantial increase in demand for products and services brought on by consumer behavior. When Gen Z consumes technology, fashion, entertainment, and food items all of which are frequently popular and seasonal this issue becomes more noticeable. Consumption is controlled in Islamic economics to avoid becoming wasteful (tabzir) or excessive (israf). Needs (maslahah), not only wants or carnal emotions, must be the basis for consumption. The primary remedy, according to Islamic economics, is to emphasize beneficial consumption, Islamic-based money management, and bolstering social and spiritual values in order to curb consumption and prevent detrimental effects on people or the economy.  

In the context of improving the quality of early childhood education, educational management plays a central role. Effective and efficient management is able to manage various existing resources optimally so as to create a conducive and quality learning environment. In addition, management is also responsible for designing learning programs that are in accordance with the needs of child development, supervising, evaluating, and providing training and professional development for educators. Thus, the role of management is not only administrative, but also strategic in improving the quality of early childhood education services. This research is a type of literature study. Library Research refers to a series of broad and systematic activities that are closely related to various sophisticated methodologies used in careful library data collection, comprehensive reading and accurate recording of relevant information, and complex processing of various research materials. Based on the results of the literature, the data collected shows that the role of management in improving the quality of early childhood education (PAUD) is very complex and multidimensional. The studies reviewed underline the importance of comprehensive planning, including the development of relevant curricula, the provision of adequate facilities and infrastructure, and the management of quality human resources. In addition, efficient organization, effective program implementation, and structured supervision have also been shown to contribute significantly to improving the quality of PAUD.

Teacher motivation, instructional effectiveness, professional learning, and retention continue to pose significant challenges in educational systems worldwide, often exacerbated by elevated levels of burnout and turnover. This study investigates the intersection between modern strategic management and Sharia-based leadership within Islamic educational institutions. Using a qualitative library research method, the paper analyzes recent scholarly literature to examine how Islamic ethics can be integrated into institutional governance. The findings suggest that modern management tools—such as strategic planning, SWOT analysis, and performance evaluations—can be effectively aligned with Islamic values when guided by principles such as shura (consultation), amanah (trust), and ‘adl (justice). However, a significant gap remains between theoretical ideals and actual administrative practices, often driven by bureaucratic and secular benchmarks. The study further identifies a lack of a comprehensive, operational Sharia-compliant leadership model that systematically combines strategic management theory with Islamic jurisprudence. Such a framework is essential for defining ethical leadership roles, participatory governance mechanisms, and accountability systems. Integrating Islamic ethics into leadership practices fosters stakeholder trust—among teachers, parents, and students—which in turn reinforces institutional legitimacy and supports long-term sustainability. The research emphasizes the need for Islamic educational institutions to move beyond symbolic adherence to Sharia and adopt integrated, ethically coherent leadership practices that address both moral and managerial imperatives.

This study explores Turkey’s emerging role as a pivotal educational bridge in the context of international higher education, analyzed through the combined lenses of management and international relations. Turkey’s strategic use of education as a form of soft power, alongside its institutional efforts to internationalize higher education, underpins its ambition to foster diplomatic ties and enhance geopolitical influence. By examining cross-border educational partnerships and the mobility of international students from strategically significant regions, this research highlights both opportunities and challenges in Turkey’s educational branding. Despite notable progress, contradictions related to political interference, academic freedom, and quality assurance complicate Turkey’s global reputation as an education hub. The study employs a library research methodology, analyzing secondary sources to provide an integrative perspective on how education management intersects with foreign policy objectives. Findings suggest that Turkey’s educational diplomacy serves as a vital tool for geopolitical leverage but requires addressing internal governance issues to sustain credibility and effectiveness in the global education landscape.

This paper explores the strategic integration of cybersecurity into enterprise risk management (ERM) frameworks to enhance digital resilience in modern organizations. Drawing on a qualitative library research method, the study synthesizes literature, models, and case analyses to identify best practices and governance structures that align technical cybersecurity measures with broader organizational goals. The research reveals that treating cybersecurity as an isolated IT function weakens risk visibility and incident response, while embedding it within ERM enables proactive identification, prioritization, and mitigation of cyber risks. The study highlights challenges such as the communication gap between IT teams and senior leadership, lack of standardized cyber-risk metrics, and siloed governance structures. It proposes cross-disciplinary collaboration, integrated risk frameworks (e.g., ISO 31000, NIST), and metrics-driven decision-making as essential components of effective cybersecurity governance. Although conceptual in nature, the findings emphasize the urgent need for cohesive, strategic, and metric-informed approaches to managing cyber threats. Future research should prioritize empirical validation, industry-specific adaptations, and development of standardized cyber-risk indicators to support evidence-based investment and board-level accountability in cybersecurity governance.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social service management in handling neglected elderly in Medan City. The phenomenon of neglected elderly has become a complex social problem along with the increasing number of elderly population and changes in family structure in urban areas. Medan City as the third largest metropolitan city in Indonesia faces challenges in providing optimal social services for neglected elderly. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library research approach. Data collection was carried out through a literature review of various relevant library sources, including scientific journals, books, research reports, policy documents, and official publications of related agencies. Data analysis used content analysis techniques to identify patterns and themes related to the effectiveness of social service management for neglected elderly. The results of the study indicate that social service management in Medan City has not been fully effective in handling neglected elderly. In terms of planning, there are still limitations in mapping and recording neglected elderly data. In terms of organization, coordination between agencies is still weak. Program implementation faces constraints of budget and human resource limitations. The monitoring and evaluation system has not been running optimally. Supporting factors include local government commitment, availability of regulations, and community participation. While inhibiting factors include budget constraints, lack of professional staff, and minimal cross-sector coordination. This study recommends the need to strengthen the social service management system through increasing human resource capacity, optimizing the budget, and strengthening cross-sector coordination to improve the effectiveness of handling the elderly in Medan City.

Transformational leadership has been identified as an effective approach to mitigate these challenges by fostering supportive, innovative, and empowering school environments. This study aims to investigate the multifaceted influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance enhancement, burnout reduction, and professional development through effective management practices. Employing a library research methodology, the study synthesizes recent empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks from peer-reviewed literature published within the past five years. Data were collected and analyzed through systematic review and thematic synthesis of scholarly articles focusing on transformational leadership in educational settings. The findings demonstrate that transformational leadership substantially enhances teacher motivation and job satisfaction by providing individualized support and cultivating a shared sense of purpose. Instructional support through mentoring, guidance, and feedback strengthens teaching effectiveness, while a positive school climate mediated by transformational leadership fosters trust and collaboration. Furthermore, transformational leadership promotes continuous professional learning and pedagogical innovation by creating psychologically safe environments conducive to reflection and experimentation.

This study explores the rise of campus-based Sharia activism and its influence on legal consciousness and youth mobilization within Muslim communities, particularly in Southeast Asia. Amid increasing religiosity among Muslim students, campus organizations such as Lembaga Dakwah Kampus (LDK) have played pivotal roles in shaping Islamic legal understanding through peer-based intellectualism, digital engagement, and gender-inclusive discourse. Despite growing activism, empirical research remains limited, prompting this study to adopt a library research methodology. Drawing from academic sources published over the past five years, the study employs qualitative content analysis to identify key patterns and themes related to youth engagement with Sharia law. The findings reveal that student activism fosters a dynamic legal consciousness that blends traditional jurisprudence with contemporary concerns such as human rights, gender equity, and digital ethics. Peer-led discussions, digital platforms, and inclusive legal education emerge as crucial tools in this transformation. Youth activists are not passive recipients of religious authority but active agents who reinterpret Sharia in light of lived realities.

This research explores the significance of waqf (Islamic endowment) management in achieving sustainable development, emphasizing the legal and managerial obstacles that impede its optimal performance. Although waqf has historically played a vital role in areas such as education, healthcare, and poverty reduction, modern administration is challenged by disjointed legal systems, outdated policies, and inadequate governance structures. These issues contribute to inefficiency, a lack of transparency, and declining confidence among donors. Applying a qualitative library research method, the study systematically examines scholarly sources, legal texts, and institutional records to assess how legal reform and strategic governance can enhance waqf operations. The analysis highlights the importance of aligning Islamic legal principles with contemporary management approaches—such as performance planning, financial innovation, and clear accountability measures—to improve both impact and efficiency. Moreover, the study stresses the urgent need for legal restructuring and human capital development within waqf institutions to ensure long-term viability and professionalism. By overcoming legal and organizational shortcomings, waqf can be transformed into a dynamic and sustainable financial instrument that supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research offers valuable academic and policy insights into creating effective, transparent, and Shariah-compliant waqf frameworks suited to modern socio-economic challenges.

Cooperatives have a strategic role in improving people's welfare, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. As one of the pillars of the national economy, cooperatives function as a forum for community cooperation in meeting economic needs in a fair and sustainable manner. This study aims to analyze the role of cooperatives in improving people's welfare through a library research approach. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with deductive data analysis techniques, where data is obtained from various sources such as books, journals, and laws and regulations related to cooperatives. The results of the study show that cooperatives contribute to community economic empowerment by providing more inclusive access to capital, creating jobs, and improving social welfare through education and health programs. With the principle of mutual cooperation and democratic management, cooperatives can be a solution in creating a more independent and prosperous people's economy. Therefore, consistent regulatory support and increased human resource capacity are needed so that cooperatives can function optimally in community economic development.

This study discusses the contribution of zakat in improving the economic welfare of society through the perspective of Islamic business management. The persistence of social and economic inequality across various segments of society underscores the importance of optimizing zakat management. In Islamic thought, zakat is not only a spiritual obligation but also a means of wealth redistribution that can strengthen the economic structure of the ummah. This research employs a library research method with a qualitative approach, analyzing various relevant sources to formulate efficient zakat management strategies that align with Sharia principles. The analysis reveals that the application of Islamic management principles—such as planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling—plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of zakat distribution, particularly in the form of productive zakat. Additionally, strengthening technological aspects, improving education for zakat managers (amil), collaborating with local institutions, and conducting intensive public outreach are complementary strategies relevant to the current context. The study concludes that professionally managed, integrated zakat administration based on Sharia values holds significant potential to serve as a sustainable driver for improving societal welfare.

The Archives and Library Office of West Sumatra Province is a government institution that serves as a center for archive management and public literacy services. This building is visited by various groups, including agency staff, students, university students, and the general public. However, based on preliminary observations, several issues were identified regarding the existing signage system in the building, which was found to be inadequate, lacking in informativeness, and in many cases, unfit for use—making it difficult for visitors to navigate the space. This study aims to design a more effective and communicative signage system using a visual communication design approach. Data collection methods included direct observation and SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the current signage conditions. The design process employed the Design Thinking method, consisting of five stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. The outcome of this process includes five primary media: pictograms, floor plan boards, ground floor information boards, directional signs, and room information signs. Additionally, five supporting media were designed: staff ID cards, lanyards, library membership cards, folder maps, and bookmarks. The developed designs were evaluated through validation and feasibility testing involving two design experts and three visitors as respondents. Based on the assessment results, the design was rated as excellent, with an average score of 4.95 from the experts, and all general respondents gave positive feedback regarding the visual aspects, legibility, and informational function of the designed signage system.

Office management is a key component in ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of administrative services in both public and educational institutions. The increasing demands for service speed, accuracy, transparency, and professionalism necessitate an integrated and adaptive office management system. This study aims to explore how office management contributes to enhancing administrative service quality through a library research approach. Data were obtained from academic journals, theses, institutional reports, and theoretical literature. The analysis reveals that effective office management encompasses structured planning, proper document management, digital information systems, and staff competency development, all of which contribute significantly to improved service quality. Moreover, standard operating procedures and the integration of manual and digital systems enhance consistency and service reliability. The study supports the theoretical proposition that office management functions planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling are directly correlated with administrative performance indicators. Practical implications include the urgency of digitizing records, implementing standardized workflows, and continuously training administrative personnel. Limitations of this research lie in its purely conceptual and literature-based nature, thus future studies are recommended to adopt empirical or mixed methods approaches for broader generalizability. These findings reaffirm the importance of repositioning office management from a support function to a strategic pillar in administrative service improvement efforts.