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This study aims to analyze the project-based learning model on learning outcomes in class XII Manufacturing Engineering Drawing subjects at SMK Semen Padang. The type of research used in this study is Quasy experimental using one experimental class and one control class. The study involved 20 experimental class students and 20 control class students. Data was collected with test questions in the form of pre-test and post-test to determine learning outcomes in aspects of Knowledge (cognitive), and assessment of student performance to determine learning outcomes in aspects of skills (psychomotor). Analyze the initial data to determine the average of the classes to be used for the determination of the experimental class and the control class. The final data analysis used is the T test. The results showed a significant influence on learning outcomes using a project-based learning model. The results of the T test on the Post-test results obtained a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.004 which is smaller than 0.05 with an average percentage of 71.8 in the Experiment class and 65.1 in the control class. For the T Test on student performance assessment, a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.027 is obtained which is smaller than 0.05. Both T-tests prove that project-based learning models can provide better learning outcomes.

This research aims to determine the influence of students' learning activities on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts through the STEAM Learning Approach Makerspace model based on PBL on SPLDV materials. As for the type of research Quasi-Experiments. The population in this study was 90 students who were distributed into 3 classes with 2 classes that sampled grades VIII A and VIII C. The sampling techniques in this study used randomized classes and data collection techniques in this study were tests and observations, while the research instruments used preliminary tests and final tests to measure the ability to understand mathematical concepts and observation sheets to see students' learning activities. Data analysis techniques using a two-way ANOVA test. The research showed that there is an influence of the PBL-based Makerspace STEAM Learning Approach model on the ability to understand mathematical concepts, there is no influence on students' learning activities on mathematical concept comprehension capabilities, and there is no interaction between the PBL-based Stem Learning Approach Makerspace model and student learning activities on the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Conclusion, there is a positive direct effect of cognitive structures on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts.

Indonesia has entered the era of the fourth industrial revolution. This happens with technology as a basis for human life. Everything has become limitless and limitless due to the development of digital technology. Indonesia needs several regulatory and authority improvements to be able to face the world market. The aim of this research is to find out what Indonesian industry can do to face the world market, the impact that the presence of the industrial revolution 4.0 has, and the strategies that Indonesia can prepare and carry out in facing the World Market revolution. The object of this research is industry in Indonesia to face the world market. The method used for this research is a qualitative descriptive method, data is obtained from facts about the research subject by trying to reveal it thoroughly according to the context. The results of this research are (1) Creating jobs to increase people's income, increasing people's economic programs, increasing Turnover and Digitalization of People's Markets, building/revitalizing people's markets, establishing relationships between digital markets abroad (2) The most visible impact is in terms of available work (3) Make improvements to the flow of materials and goods, improve the quality of human resources, use digital technology, harmonize rules and policies.     Bukit, M. (2014). Strategi dan inovasi pendidikan kejuruan darikompetensi ke kompetisi. Bandung: Alfabeta. Cognizant. Informed Manufacturing:     The      Next Industrial Revolution. http://www.cognizant.com/ InsightsWhitepapers/Informed-Manufacturing-TheNext-IndustrialRevolution.pdf.  Davis, N. 5 ways of understanding the Fourth Industrial Revolution. November 16, 2015. http://www.weforum.org/ agenda/2015/11/5-ways-of-understanding-thefourth-industrialrevolution. Economist          Intelligence      Unit.    From    transplants       to implants.      December        11,       2015. http://www.eiuperspectives.economist.com/healthcare/transplants-implants.   Edmon, A., & Oluiyi, A. (2014). Re-engineering technical vocationaeducation and training toward safety practice skill needs ofsawmill workers against workplace hazards in Nigeria [Versielektronik]. Journal of Education and Practice, 5 (7), 150-157.  Era Revolusi Industri 4.0: Perlu Persiapkan Literasi Data, Teknologi dan Sumber Daya Manusia. (2018). Diambil 29 Desember 2023 dari http://belmawa.ristekdikti. go.id/2018/01/17/ era-revolusiindustri-4-0-perlu-persiapkan-literasi-data-teknologi-dan-sumber-daya-manusia/ Fakta     ketergantungan            pada    teknologi         (2014). Diambil 29 Desember 2023 dari  http://www.beritasatu.com/gaya-hidup/232713-8-fakta-ketergantungan-pada-teknologi.html Hermann, M., Pentek, T., & Otto, B. (2016). Design Principles forIndustrie 4.0 Scenarios. Presented at the 49th HawaiianInternational Conference on Systems Science.  Irianto, D. (2017). Industry 4.0; The Challenges of Tomorrow.Disampaikan pada Seminar Nasional Teknik Industri, Batu-Malang.  Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J.(2013). Recommendations forImplementing the Strategic Initiative Industrie 4.0. Industrie 4.0Working Group, Germany.  Hitt, Mihael.A , Ireland, R. Duane, Robert E, Hoskinsson. 2001. Strategic Management Competitiveness and Globalization Concepts Thomson learning Asia, Singapore. Hamel Gary, Prahalad C.K. Competing For The Future. 1994. Harvard Business School Press Boston, Massachusetts. "Making Indonesia 4.0, Fokus 5 Industri Apa Saja.", https://economy.okezone.com/   read/2018/04/04/320/1881885/ making-indonesia-4-0-fokuspengembangan-5-industri-apasaja, diakses 29 Desember 2023.  "Making Indonesia 4.0: Strategi RI Masuki Revolusi Industri K-4.", http://www.kemenperin. go.id/artikel/18967/  MakingIndonesia-4.0:-Strategi-RIMasuki-Revolusi-Industri-Ke-4, diakses 3 Mei 2018.  “Menuju Revolusi Industri 4.0 Jokowi Diminta Bentuk Badan Riset Nasional”, Kompas, 29             April 2018, hal 3.  "Pemerintah Luncurkan Making 3932.", https://ekon.go.id/ 23 Hak cipta dilindungi oleh undang-undang. Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi tulisan ini tanpa izin penerbit. Info Singkat © 2009, Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI http://puslit.dpr.go.id  ISSN 2088-2351 berita/view/pemerintahluncurkan-making.3932.html, diakses 29 Desember 2023. “Pemerintah RI dan Ceko sepakat tingkatkan Investasi Industri Dua Kali Lipat”, Tribun Bisnis,          29 Desember 2023 hal 8.  "Revolusi Industri 4.0", http://id.beritasatu.com/home/ revolusi-industri-40/145390, diakses        29 Desember 2023.  "Revolusi 4.0, Catatan Dari ISSA ICT 2018", http://id.beritasatu.com/  home/revolusi-40-         catatan-dariissa-ict-2018/174772, diakses 8 Mei 2018. "Strategi Hadapi Dampak Industri 4.0", http://id.beritasatu.com/  home/strategi-hadapi-         dampakrevolusi-industri-40/174260, diakses 2 Mei 2018.

Education plays a central role in community development and the enhancement of human resources. In the rapidly evolving digital era, information and communication technology has significantly transformed the education landscape. Technology has become an integral part of the teaching and learning process in schools, bringing both challenges and significant opportunities. Particularly at the Junior High School (SMP) level, subjects like Mathematics, Natural Sciences (IPA), Physics, and Chemistry play a central role in shaping students' foundational knowledge. However, students often have varying levels of understanding and different learning styles. This poses a challenge for teachers trying to meet the diverse learning needs of their students. The use of the same linear teaching methods for all students is often ineffective in such a context. In this research, we employed a literature review methodology. This approach helps summarize and synthesize existing knowledge on the role of technology in enhancing student motivation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. By analyzing trends, findings, and patterns emerging from related literature, we can establish a strong knowledge base for this research. The adaptive learning approach, leveraging technology, has emerged as an intriguing solution. This approach allows for real-time analysis of student learning data and the adjustment of content, material, or teaching methods to suit individual needs. The research highlights the primary benefits of adaptive learning, such as personalized content adjustment, enhanced student motivation, more efficient monitoring and evaluation, and time savings in achieving better understanding. However, the research also acknowledges several challenges, including uneven technology infrastructure, the need for teacher training, and student data protection. Nevertheless, this research emphasizes the importance of adaptive learning in the context of STEM education at the SMP level in the digital era, while recognizing the need for further research to explore the potential of technology in enhancing the quality of education at this level.  

This research focuses on school strategies in aligning the learning curriculum with the industrial world in the Electrical Power Installation Engineering Concentration at SMK Negeri 2 Pandeglang for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The curriculum used at SMK Negeri 2 Pandeglang is based on independent learning. The research method used is a qualitative research method, which involves collecting data by observation, interviews and documentation. The research results were obtained based on observations and interviews with the Deputy Principal for Curriculum and the Head of the Electrical Power Installation Engineering Concentration Program.

This research is motivated by the problem of the religious character of students which is increasingly concerning and needs the attention of all parties, including educational institutions. The importance of character education requires PAI teachers to pay more attention to strengthening the religious character of students in schools, including students in class XI TITL 1 (Electrical Installation Engineering) at SMK N 1 Koto Balingka. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning materials in strengthening the religious character of class XI TITL 1 students at SMKN 1 Koto Balingka, West Pasaman Regency and to determine the supporting factors and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning materials in strengthening the Religious Character of students in class XI TITL 1 At SMKN 1 Koto Balingka. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study type of research. This research collects data by observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis starts from data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of Islamic religious education learning materials in strengthening the religious character of class XI TITL 1 students at SMKN 1 Koto Balingka Pasaman Barat, namely through in-curricular activities and through extra-curricular activities. Supporting factors and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning materials in strengthening the religious character of class XI TITL 1 students at SMKN 1 Koto Balingka, West Pasaman district, are adequate libraries, classrooms and the presence of the Koran. The inhibiting factors are the students themselves who lack awareness in implementing religious activities at school, the backgrounds of students who differ in terms of religious understanding, the environment or student associations which tend to be less relevant to the process of strengthening students' religious character and inadequate places of worship.

The purpose of this study is to determine the positive and significant differences in Christian Education learning motivation in students using a scientific approach with Christian Education learning motivation in students using a conventional approach in class XI majoring in Culinary Engineering of SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita Learning Year 2023/2024. This research method is a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental methods and with post-test only control group design. The population is all students who are Christians class XI of the Department of Culinary Engineering of SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita for the 2023/2024 Learning Year which amounts to 63 people. The research sample was determined by Saturated Sampling, namely class XI Culinary 1 students totaling 32 people as an experimental class using a scientific approach and class XI Culinary 2 totaling 31 people as a control class using a conventional approach. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire item of 32 items. The research data for the questionnaire were analyzed using the Separated Variance t-test formula. From the calculation results, tcount = 5.0448 > ttable (α/2=0.05/2=0.025) = 1.999. It turns out -tcount < -ttable (-5.0448 < -1.9996). The calculated value is in the area of the rejection curve H0 and acceptance Ha. Thus, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there are positive and significant differences in the motivation to learn Christian Education in students using a scientific approach with the motivation to learn Christian Education in students using a conventional approach in class XI majoring in Culinary Planning, SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita Learning Year 2023/2024. The difference in motivation to learn Christian Education in grade XI students of the Department of Culinary Engineering of SMK Negeri 1 Siatas Barita, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year is known from the average motivation to learn Christian Education in students with a scientific approach is 89.9063, higher than the average motivation to learn Christian Education in students with a conventional approach, which is 82.6452.  

The development of increasingly sophisticated technology requires every individual to be able to understand and apply this technology in everyday life. For this reason, higher creativity is needed in order to be able to think creatively in discovering new things, be it new methods or works and especially being able to solve the problems at hand. Thus, in lectures every student is required to be able to understand lecture material well so that it can be practiced in his life later. One of the methods used to solve this problem, in this study, will be learning using the STEAM method through Project Based Learning (PjBL) for students in semester II (two) of the civil engineering study program. PjBL-based STEAM learning is expected to foster student creativity, especially in creating new works through a project being worked on. The purpose of this study was to find out how effective the use of the PjBL-based STEAM learning method was at the student level, and to find out how student creativity was after the action, whether it increased or not. The research method used is the class action method. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the application of the PjBL-based STEAM learning method was feasible for use in the learning process and it was suggested that it could be implemented for further learning. Student creativity has increased through the application of STEAM. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of student skills for each component observed, namely 12.38% from cycle I in the fairly good category to cycle II in the good category.

Phishing is a crime that uses social engineering techniques, both in deceptive statements and technically, to steal consumers' personal identification data and financial account credentials. With the new Phishing machine learning approach, websites can be recognized in real-time. K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) and Naïve Bayes (NB) are popular machine learning approaches. KNN and NB have their own strengths and weaknesses. By combining the two, deficiencies can be covered. So this study proposes to combine K-Nearest Neighbor with Naïve Bayes to classify phishing websites. Based on the results of the accuracy test of the combination of KNN with k=8 and Naïve Bayes, a maximum accuracy of 93.44% is produced. This result is 6.25% superior compared to using only one classifier.

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) improvements in education, as well as PAUD teacher inability to effectively use the resources at their disposal despite their simplicity in the classroom. Using active and creative learning approaches, the implementation of learning in STEAM-based PAUD is designed to encourage children's creativity. The method's activities included a pre-test to gauge PAUD teachers' familiarity with the STEAM learning approach, instruction about STEAM resources after that, and training or group practice in creating STEAM-based learning resources. introducing new information, since PAUD teachers did not previously comprehend what STEAM was, They understand now it, and because it combines the five knowledges with basic tools and materials, they can develop it for use as an engaging method of instruction in the future.

As software technology becomes more complex, software maintenance costs become more expensive. In connection with this, the development of software engineering makes the software system has many Composition choices that can be adjusted to the needs of the user. Error fixing involves analyzing Error Summary and modifying code. If bug-fixing steps are made as efficiently and effectively as possible then maintenance costs can be minimal. The purpose of this research is to establish a tool of machine learning for identifying Composition Error Summary and to find out the types of special Composition choices that can be used to save costs, time, and effort. In this study, the T-test was applied to appraise the analytical implication of conduct metrics when the “F-test” was taken to the Variance’s test. Classifiers used in this study are “All words” or “AW”, “Highly Informative Words” or “H-IW”, and “Highly Informative Words plus Bigram” or “H-WB”. Identical validation and Vexed validation techniques were used to calculate the effectiveness of machine learning tools. The results of this research denote that the instrument is competent for definitive Composition Error Summary and other Composition choices for definite Error Summary. This research determines the practicality of machine learning techniques in corrective issues relevant to Error summary. The result of this study also explained that Composition/non-Composition Error Summaries have contrasting aspects that can be accomplished by machine learning devices. The advanced tool could be upgraded in some areas to create it more powerful. The array identification section of the current study has limitations, an array with different words and Composition recognition tools tend to prefer Compositions with more words, so improvements to this could implicate consideration of the semantics of Error Summary, equivalent, and use of n-grams. Also, in using the technology of machine learning and Natural Language processing some advancements to be made to the present characterization structure so for future research it is highly recommended to clear up the first’s Error Summary before operating several operations in the present study.Composition Error Summary  

This study examines the effectiveness of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in enhancing problem-solving skills among high school students. With the increasing demand for critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in the workforce, STEM education has become a crucial approach to preparing students for future challenges. The study aims to evaluate how project-based STEM curricula impact students' creativity, analytical skills, and overall problem-solving capabilities. Using a quasi-experimental design with a control group, the research was conducted with high school students who participated in STEM-based lessons involving the 5E instructional model. Data collection involved pre- and post-tests, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews to measure changes in student skills. The findings indicate that students exposed to STEM education demonstrated significant improvements in problem-solving, creativity, and analytical thinking compared to their peers in traditional lecture-based classes. The study highlights the advantages of project-based learning in promoting active student engagement and fostering skills necessary for addressing real-world problems. These results suggest that STEM education can be more effective than traditional methods in cultivating essential 21st-century skills. The study recommends the broader implementation of STEM strategies in secondary education and further exploration of the long-term impact of STEM learning on various skills required in the professional world.

This study aims to provide an overview of the suitability of machining engineering majors in the world of work. When the Covid-19 case is on the increase, especially in Indonesia, many graduates of vocational high schools have difficulty finding jobs according to the majors they are interested in, especially in the field of machining engineering expertise. This research method uses descriptive quantitative methods with field data obtained from the results of questionnaires distributed to vocational high school students in the field of machining engineering expertise so that 33 respondents can be analyzed. The results of the study show that there is suitability and incompatibility in finding work due to the impact of Covid-19, factors that can cause this such as students' lack of understanding of distance learning when affected by the Covid-19 outbreak and remote practicum which hinders the growth of students' competence that should be obtained to enter the world of work. In addition, the lack of information related to the world of work was also felt by students when the Covid-19 outbreak attacked Indonesia. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out how suitable graduates of vocational high schools are in finding jobs and in accordance with what they are interested in in their areas of expertise

. Based on the results of observations, learning subjects Basic Knowledge of Mechanical Engineering in Vocational High Schools showed low learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to improve student learning outcomes by using audio-visual media in the student facilitator and explaining learning model. This research is a class action research consisting of two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection activities. The research subjects were 35 male students in class X Machining at SMK Negeri 1 Cibeber for the 2020/2021 academic year. Based on the results of the written test conducted at the end of cycle I, an average value of 69.92 was obtained with 72% classical completeness. Implementation of improvements in cycle II increased student learning outcomes, with an average score of 78.30 and 76.92% classical completeness.    

Multimedia-based learning media is a method of learning that can interact with its users besides having animated explanations of material. The problem at SMK Wisudha Karya Kudus about learning mechanical engineering drawings using AutoCAD is the difficulty of understanding the tools in the AutoCAD application, it becomes unattractive and difficult to understand the material in the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this research is to create an interactive learning media for machine engineering drawings using AutoCAD semesters I and II as media to assist student learning processes, providing alternative learning media to help teachers choose the right learning model for students. This type of research method uses the R&D method, the methods used include descriptive, evaluative and experimental methods. Descriptive method is used to collect data about existing conditions, evaluative methods are used to evaluate the trial process of developing a product and the experimental method is used to test the efficacy of the product produced. The results of this study are application programs, applications that have been designed can be used as an alternative to solving problems in SMK Wisudha Karya Kudus. By using electronic media in learning media, the benefits of creating alternative solutions from existing problems, namely in the form of Machine Engineering Image Learning Application, are able to provide complete video tutorials according to the basic competencies that the authors take from the source of mechanical engineering drawing books.