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The common issue faced by newborn babies is their difficulty in regulating body temperature with their environment. This often leads to hypothermia, which is a significant cause of mortality in newborns. Therefore, biomedical equipment that can regulate temperature in the newborn environment is crucial. In the design and development research of an Infant Warmer Temperature Control System using the PID method, key components include the Atmega328P microcontroller, a Skin Sensor for monitoring baby body temperature, and an SSR driver circuit for heater control. The PID control method utilizes feedback mechanisms to correct errors between measured values and their deviations.To ascertain accuracy, functional testing was conducted using an Incubator Analyzer. The comparison between the skin sensor and the Incubator Analyzer showed minimal differences, with the largest difference being 0.15℃ and the smallest 0.01℃. It can be concluded that the skin sensor readings are accurate within tolerance limits. The maximum error percentage of the device was 0.2%, while the minimum error percentage was 0%. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the PID method Infant Warmer temperature control system designed functions effectively, manages overshoot well, and maintains stability.

This study aims to describe students' difficulties in translating word problems into mathematical models in algebra material. Using a qualitative approach, the subjects were seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya in the 2024/2025 academic year. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The results show that students struggled to understand the meaning of word problems and convert them into correct equations. Common errors included misconceptions about algebraic symbols, such as treating variables as fixed numbers and misusing the equal sign. In addition, students had difficulty identifying essential information needed to construct a mathematical model. Learning activities that focused only on procedural calculations further contributed to these challenges. This study recommends the use of more contextual and meaningful learning approaches, such as Problem-Based Learning and Realistic Mathematics Education, to help students better understand the relationships within problems and accurately express them through appropriate mathematical representations..    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa dalam menerjemahkan soal cerita ke dalam model matematika pada materi aljabar. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami makna soal cerita dan menyusunnya menjadi persamaan yang tepat. Kesalahan yang muncul meliputi pemahaman yang keliru terhadap simbol aljabar, seperti menganggap variabel sebagai angka tetap dan tidak tepat menggunakan tanda sama dengan. Selain itu, siswa juga tampak kesulitan menentukan informasi penting yang diperlukan untuk membangun model matematika. Pembelajaran yang hanya berfokus pada prosedur perhitungan turut memperkuat kesulitan ini. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih kontekstual dan bermakna, seperti Problem-Based Learning dan Realistic Mathematics Education, agar siswa dapat lebih memahami hubungan antar informasi dalam soal dan menyusunnya dalam bentuk model yang benar.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Social Service of the North Sumatra Province Batubara Regency are business operators engaged in the business sector, which touches the interests of the community around the Regency of Coal. MSMEs have an important position, not only in employment and public welfare, in many ways they are the glue and stabilize the problem of social inequality. MSMEs are currently very developed. However, the current problem that arises is that the Chair of the UMKM in Coal is having difficulty monitoring MSME social funding assistance provided to communities around Coal, the lack of public understanding of the reporting of the social assistance fund accountability and due to these inaccessible location conditions that triggered the social services difficult to monitor. then we need an information system that is able to do data collection, management, monitoring the use of aid funds. In addition, the Social Service can directly monitor the responsibility of MSMEs in managing aid funds.The results of this study are a monitoring information system application that replaces the previously running process, in this application makes it easy for the recipient to know the amount of assistance received and in making reports can be directly accessed online.

This study discusses the phenomenon of increasing corruption cases in Indonesia, which is caused by the lack of effective criminal penalties. Although Law No. 20/2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption regulates the threat of the death penalty for perpetrators of corruption, in practice it has never been implemented. This study uses the approach of the law enforcement system theory and the theory of punishment, with normative legal methods and literature studies. The results show that the difficulty of implementing the death penalty in corruption cases in Indonesia is caused by the pros and cons and rejection from the community and law enforcement. This finding indicates the importance of reforming the death penalty policy for perpetrators of corruption to provide a deterrent effect and prevent similar cases in the future. Therefore, this study recommends improving the law enforcement system and more effective anti-corruption policies.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

The government essentially provides services to the community and is required to serve the community and create conditions so that it has an impact on the community to develop, one of which is education. Through the Secretariat General, public complaints about education issues are submitted to Commission X of the DPR RI. The background for choosing this title was due to the increase in complaints submitted by the public regarding education, as well as a decrease in the performance of the Secretariat General of the DPR RI. The research objective is to identify and analyze the performance of the Secretariat General in following up on complaints to Commission X DPR RI. This study uses the theory of Agus Dharma (2004) with three measurement indicators that determine success, namely, (1) quantity, (2) quality, and (3) timeliness. This study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This study uses a way to collect data by making observations to collect data at the Secretariat General and Commission X DPR RI. The results on indicator (1) Quantity, the number of reports that have been completed by Commission X DPR RI are not submitted back to the Secretariat General of the DPR RI. (2) Quality, there is no clear information regarding the follow-up of letters submitted through the websitewebsite, human resources need to conduct training on the applied information technology system, Commission X DPR RI is one that receives the most complaints in 2020-2021, (3) Timeliness, the time needed is very long because of the difficulty level of the complaint letter, correction of the results of the analysis until the letter can be submitted to Commission X DPR RI. The conclusion of this study is that in following up on complaints to Commission X DPR RI, reports that have been completed by Commission X DPR RI are not submitted back to the Secretariat General.

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood marked by various physical, emotional, and social changes. One of the main challenges faced by adolescents is a lack of self-confidence, which can hinder the development of self-potential and social interaction. Based on observations at the Taruna Yodha Sukoharjo Children's Social Service Center, it was found that many adolescents showed an inferior attitude, were afraid of being wrong, and were reluctant to express their opinions in public. Therefore, this community service aims to increase awareness of the importance of self-confidence through interactive socialization. The implementation method includes four stages, namely the presentation of material on the concept of self-confidence, discussion of personal experiences, providing positive affirmations, and ice breaking to build familiarity. This activity was attended by most of the adolescents at the center and succeeded in increasing active participation from 20% to 50%. Although there were still obstacles such as limited time and the difficulty of some participants in expressing themselves verbally, the evaluation results showed an increase in social interaction and enthusiasm in implementing positive affirmations. This activity proves that an interactive approach can be an effective solution in fostering adolescent self-confidence. For more optimal results, ongoing programs such as public speaking training and psychological assistance are needed. It is hoped that teenagers in the shelter can continue to develop their potential and face social challenges with more confidence.

Corporate crime in the environmental sector is one of the biggest challenges in law enforcement in Indonesia. Companies that pollute or destroy the environment are often difficult to hold criminally liable due to the impersonal nature of their legal entities. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against corporations that commit environmental crimes and the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials in proving and imposing crimes against corporations. The method used is normative juridical with a legislative approach and case studies. This research found that although there is already a fairly strong legal framework, such as in Law No. 32 of 2009 and the new Criminal Code, implementation in the field is still weak. Some of the inhibiting factors include the difficulty of proving the responsibility structure in the corporation, the lack of investigator capacity, and the influence of economic power from corporations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, apparatus capacity, and corporate criminal accountability mechanisms that are more adaptive and firm.

The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenon of slurred language disorder using a psycholinguistic approach. This study concentrates on the phoneme changes that occur in individuals with lisp disorder who are active on digital platforms such as YouTube and TikTok.  One definition of lisp disorder is difficulty articulating certain phonemes, especially /r/, /k/, and /s/, which impacts the ability to speak effectively.  Using observation and analysis of the utterances of five individuals with a lisp featured in the videos, this study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology for data collection. Based on the age and physical condition of each subject, the analysis results show the substitution of the phonemes /r/ into /l/, /w/, /g/, /c/, /k/ into /t/, and /s/ into /c/.  This study provides important knowledge about the phonological changes of lisp disorder and how it impacts language acquisition and public communication in the digital age.

Student learning outcomes in Social Studies (IPS) at Class 7H MTsN 1 Kota Kediri were initially low, due to the use of less interactive lecture methods. This led to low student motivation and difficulty in understanding the material. This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes in Social Studies through the application of the cooperative learning model Teams Games Tournament (TGT). The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model conducted in two cycles. The subjects were 33 students of Class 7H. Data collection techniques included tests, observation, and questionnaires. The results showed an improvement in student learning outcomes across each cycle. The average score increased from 64.84 in the pre-cycle to 79.24 in cycle I, and reached 94.27 in cycle II. The percentage of mastery learning also improved from 3.03% to 81.82%, and finally reached 100%. Therefore, the TGT learning model proved to be effective in improving students’ learning outcomes in Social Studies.

Arabic writing is one of the important skills in learning Arabic, but many students have difficulty in mastering it. This study aims to identify strategies used by teachers in overcoming students' difficulties in writing Arabic. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the main difficulties experienced by students include limited vocabulary, understanding of grammatical structures (nahwu and sharaf), and lack of directed writing exercises. To overcome these problems, teachers apply several strategies, including: the use of interactive learning media, a contextual approach in teaching vocabulary, gradual structured writing exercises, and providing regular feedback. In addition, teachers also encourage students to read simple Arabic texts as an effort to improve their understanding of sentence structures and enrich their vocabulary. These strategies have been proven to help improve students' writing skills gradually. This study concludes that the active role of teachers, creativity in learning, and an approach that suits students' needs are very important in overcoming difficulties in writing Arabic among students.  

Parental divorce causes the child to lose the love and affection of his parents and hinders them in their psychological development. This study describes and analyzes the psychological struggles experienced by three children who lost their father's role after divorce. All three experience similar inner conflicts: feelings of loss, neglect, and emotional division, as well as confusion in choosing to live with their father or mother. This study uses a qualitative case study approach and uses participatory observation and in-depth interviews for data collection. The results showed that children experienced conflicts about loyalty, emotional stress, and difficulty in reshaping their self-identity in a changing family environment. Children's mental and social instability is exacerbated by the loss of the father figure both physically and emotionally. The study emphasizes how important it is for parents to remain actively involved with their child even after they have divorced to maintain their emotional stability and provide ongoing psychological support. These findings are expected to be a reference for education practitioners, counselors, and parents in dealing with the psychological impact of divorce on children.

Suffering is a condition where a person experiences pain or difficulty in living their life. Paul's words about "fulfilling what was lacking in Christ's suffering" raise the question that whether Christ's suffering on the cross was incomplete? And it is as if Christ's suffering was ineffective and limited so that redemption had to be completed or completed through Paul's suffering. However, Christ's suffering on the Cross was perfect, sufficient to atone for human sins and did not need to be fulfilled again. The thing that needs to be accomplished or fulfilled is suffering for the sake of preaching the Gospel, about Christ who was incarnated as a human, died as a ransom sacrifice and was resurrected from the dead. So everyone can know God through His power and resurrection. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The purpose of this study is first to "deliver a theological answer regarding the meaning of "filling up in my flesh what is lacking in the sufferings of Christ" Second, to provide an important meaning that every believer must truly live in Christ, because the perfect redemption of Jesus Christ has been done to save mankind. The final result of the study on Colossians 1:24 provides the meaning that every believer is called to fill up what is lacking in the sufferings of Christ, namely, the suffering related to the challenges of preaching the gospel. Like Paul who was never free from suffering when preaching the gospel, but Paul remained joyful, and continued to preach the gospel. Likewise, we as believers should follow Paul's example so that the gospel can be spread throughout the face of the earth.

In line with the development of the digital potential of the creative economy, the demand for quality visual content from photography and videography industry players has also increased. However, access to quality photographers and videographers is still a problem for some people. Likewise, photographers and videographers also experience difficulties in getting clients. Photographers and videographers feel that the use of social media has not been maximized in helping them get clients. In addition to these problems, these photographers and videographers also have difficulty in disseminating the events held. To overcome this problem, researchers developed a digital platform that can accommodate the interests of photography and videography service providers, as well as the community of users of these services. The digital platform developed by researchers is named the “Lensa Buana” marketplace application. The development of the Lensa Buana marketplace application uses the prototype system development method. With this application, it is hoped that photography and videography service providers can reach more consumers, while the community as consumers can easily get photography and videography services according to their needs and desired quality.

In daily life, people often experience stress, whether at work, within the family, or while interacting with other. However,  in the workplace, stress becomes a unique challenges,  especially for profession with high pressure such a nurses. Nurses often become the group most vulnerable to work-related stress due to the heavy workload and high emotional pressure. This study is a literature review aimed at evaluating and analysis the relationship between nurse work stress and the number of tasks they handle in hospitals. This study examined  15 scientifik journals published from January to april 2025. Most of the  research finding indicate that there is a significant relationship between workplace  stress and the amount of workload received. The stress levels experienced by nurses usually increase due to excessive workloads, both in terms of the number of takss and the level of difficulty.    

Mathematics plays a crucial role in everyday life, as it enhances students' abilities to absorb lessons more effectively and develop rational, critical, logical, analytical, and systematic thinking. This study employs the literature review method, which involves gathering relevant information from various sources to support the research topic. The author collects references from articles and journals using Google Scholar, an open-access database that simplifies the process of locating topic-specific materials. Difficulties faced by students in learning mathematics are not always due to a lack of mathematical knowledge. They may stem from other issues such as memory problems, difficulty in recalling mathematical problems, weak calculation skills, confusion with operational signs, or reversing numbers. Students with learning disabilities may particularly struggle with both mathematical reasoning and basic computation. Furthermore, mathematical learning difficulties are also associated with cognitive challenges, such as solving complex word problems and understanding numerical concepts. These learning difficulties often result from internal and external factors that hinder the brain’s ability to process, analyze, and retain mathematical information effectively.

Mathematical connection ability is a crucial competence that should be developed from the elementary level, as it helps students understand the interrelationships between mathematical concepts and their applications in daily life. This study aims to analyze the mathematical connection abilities of first-grade elementary school students in learning flat shapes. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method using cognitive and psychomotor assessment instruments. The cognitive test consisted of multiple-choice and essay questions measuring students' ability to recognize, understand, classify, and apply flat shapes. The psychomotor test involved tasks such as assembling flat shapes into meaningful objects and classifying shapes by type. The results showed that students were fairly capable of identifying and grouping flat shapes, but had difficulty explaining classification reasons or relating shapes to real-life objects. The psychomotor results also indicated that fine motor skills and the ability to make real-world connections need improvement. These findings highlight the importance of contextual learning approaches and the use of concrete media to strengthen students’ mathematical connections from an early age.    

This research aims 1). To find out the role of the driving teacher as the principal in implementing the independent curriculum in the SMA / SMK level education unit in the Selayar Islands Regency 2). To find out the principal's leadership of the driving teacher in implementing the independent curriculum at the SMA / SMK level education unit in the Selayar Islands Regency 3). To find out the challenges of the driving teacher with his leadership competence in implementing the independent curriculum in the SMA / SMK level education unit in the Selayar Islands district. This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The research was conducted on SMA/SMK principals who came from motivating teachers in Selayar Islands Regency consisting of SMAN 5 Selayar, SMAN 6 Selayar, SMKN 7 Selayar. SMKN 8 Selayar and the informants were the principals. The data collection techniques are observation, interviews and questionnaires, documentation, and data validity. Data analysis techniques with data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification.   The results showed that 1). The driving teacher as a school principal has several roles, namely as a manager, motivator, innovator, collaborator and leader in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum 2). The Principal's leadership of the driving teacher in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at SMA / SMK is a leader who is able to drive learning, and ensure the implementation of IKM runs well 3). The challenges of the driving teacher in his leadership competence in implementing the independent curriculum are the lack of understanding of fellow teachers about IKM, the difficulty of fellow teachers making changes, and the understanding that the driving teacher has perfect abilities compared to other teachers.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.