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Policy regulations are free policy products determined by state administration officials in the context of carrying out government tasks. The policies set by the government in the form of policy regulations are not based on orders from the law or not based on authority based on the law. The policies of state administration officials are then outlined in a certain format so that they can be applied generally or apply equally to every citizen. The format of policy regulations is simpler than the format of statutory regulations. Policy regulations are enforced and obeyed like other legal regulations. Policy regulations are formal forms of policy determined by state administrative officials based on the principle of discretion. In the practice of government administration, policy regulations and statutory regulations coexist. Policy regulations are not statutory regulation. Policy maker does not have the authority to form laws and regulations. Policy regulations generally provide instructions regarding how a government agency will act in carrying out government authority that is not bound to any person. The formation of policy regulations by state administration officials expressed in formats such as announcements, guidelines or circulars are not based on legislative authority, but based on government authority.

The Indonesian Constitutional Court in its judicial review of the Criminal Procedure Code No. 34/PUU-XI/2013 stated that Article 268 paragraph (3) regarding the limit on filing for judicial review of criminal cases is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and has no binding legal force. The Supreme Court responded to the decision by issuing Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 07/2014 which continues to limit judicial review to only one time based on the Judicial Power Act and the Supreme Court Act. Departing from regulatory dualism, this paper formulates the problem of the legal products issued by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court in terms of material testing of Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code. This study uses normative legal research methods through a review of literature sources. Through Gustav Radbruch's Legal Theory, this study found that first, the position of the SEMA was issued even though it was in accordance with existing laws and regulations, but this decision was contrary to Gustav Radbruch's Legal Theory. Second, the legal consequences after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Supreme Court through SEMA that limits the filing of judicial review to one time is legally flawed both in terms of substance and formal formation because it contradicts the Constitutional Court Decision.

Asmaranur Modeling School is a modeling school in Pekanbaru, which was founded by the owner and trainer, Irvan Asmara, on February 1 2020 under the auspices of CV. Asmaranur Persada Sejahtera. AMS Modeling School is the first modeling school that provides learning not only about the catwalk but also education in forming personality such as attitude, public speaking, personal branding, and responsibility. This research aims to find out the Marketing Communication Strategy of Asmaranur Modeling School Pekanbaru through Instagram Social Media. The method in this research used a case study with a qualitative approach and purposive techniques which included interviews, observation, documentation. The informant subjects in this research consisted of 3 informants, namely Irvan Asmara as the owner and instructor, Bima Sakti as the content creator, Wildatul Muslimah as a student who had been registered at AMS for a long time. This research uses New Media theory and the concept of The Circular Model of Some created by Regina Luttrell which has 4 stages, namely share, optimize, manage, engage. The results of this research are that Asmaranur Modeling School Pekanbaru chose the social media Instagram based on the increasing number of social media users and in accordance with Asmaranur Modeling School Pekanbaru's target market, namely young people and adults who are active on Instagram social media. Before posting content, collect photo/video ideas. Asmaranur Modeling School Pekanbaru's Instagram social media is managed directly by Irvan Asmara as the owner and trainer, easily responding to comments from followers, and making it easy to repost tagged posts from me personally, students who take part in activities at Asmaranur Modeling School Pekanbaru. To build engagement with consumers or followers, Asmaranur Modeling School Pekanbaru also creates events and sponsors other important events.

The Bekasi River is part of the Ciliwung-Cisadane River Region. The Bekasi River is an order 1 river from the Bekasi watershed which consists of 3 rivers, namely the Cileungsi River, Cikeas River and Bekasi River. The Bekasi River passes through Bekasi Regency. To determine the performance of a river, it is necessary to evaluate the physical condition and function of a river system, in accordance with the mandate from the Circular Letter of the Director General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing No. 05/SE/D/2016 dated 9 June 2016 concerning Guidelines for the Operation and Maintenance of River Infrastructure and River Maintenance. Assessment of the components of the Bekasi River facility based on Circular Letter Number 05/SE/D/2016 includes riverbeds, river banks, river banks, and river riparian areas. Assessment of the Bekasi River infrastructure components based on Circular Letter Number 05/SE/D/2016 includes river embankments, revetments, groves, flood spillways, flow control gates, flood pumps, rubber weirs, retention ponds, groundssill, inspection roads, H3 monitoring post buildings, Operation and Maintenance support buildings (laboratory, workshop, etc.), equipment infrastructure (heavy equipment, Operation and Maintenance vehicles), and information and communication equipment. The performance value of the Bekasi River condition is 77.85% and the performance value of the Bekasi River infrastructure is 79.30% so that the performance value of the Bekasi River is 78.58% which requires a type of Preventive maintenance.

The rapid response to COVID-19 by central and local governments relies on Circular Letters, convenient policy tools requiring no external approval. Despite their ease of use, Circular Letters often trigger debates and legal disputes due to inconsistencies in content and legal status.The research methodology employed is normative legal research, conducted by examining library materials or secondary data. The findings of the study reveal that the existence of Circular Letters, which is a form of policy regulation, results from the discretionary power vested in the government. However, as discussed above, there is a lack of consistency among officials regarding the format and content of Circular Letters, leading to some Circular Letters containing legal norms that are generally binding on the public. In contrast, according to the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 80 of 2012 and the Regulation of the Head of the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia No. 2 of 2014, Circular Letters are classified as administrative document products. Consequently, the implication of this research is that Circular Letters should only serve as internal communication tools, providing notifications within the internal organizational structure.

This study aims to describe the use of waste and economic improvement of the people of Medan City through the Kepul Application based on Circular Economy Theory and take data from the study. This study uses qualitative methods with data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the development of the Kepul application has always been the main thing in the company's mission, this is because of the development of applications according to customer suggestions such as the Live Location feature, re-schedule, membership, etc. The effectiveness of Kepul in increasing people's income is arguably very good, as evidenced by the increase in resource persons' income from the range of Rp. 100,000 to Rp. 800,000 a month. From the results of the study, it is known that there are still many obstacles in Kepul in becoming an intermediary container for waste utilization in Medan City such as lack of strong branding, fleet problems, and price difference problems with conventional collectors. But this obstacle is not an impossible obstacle to pass, with the successful collaboration of Kepul with the Medan City Government and plans to attract more investors, Kepul believes that all the obstacles above can be passed well.    

The legal products of the Supreme Court are not the same as laws. If the law does not understand or regulate something, the Supreme Court can issue policy regulations based on its authority. However, such a thing is not always done. For example, in 1963 the Supreme Court issued Circular Letter Number 3, which effectively canceled a number of Articles in the BW because it was considered unfair. . Researchers use normative research methods to obtain relevant material and explanations for the formulation of the problem as well as to obtain research-based understanding and explanations raised. Normative research is a type of research conducted through a review of literature (secondary sources). The type of normative research chosen is normative juridical, because the starting point of this research is to use legal norms or existing laws and regulations to analyze the problem under study. The results show that the Position and Strength of the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) in the legal system in Indonesia is recognized outside the hierarchy of laws and regulations and has binding legal force in accordance with the words of Article 8 Paragraph (1) and (2) of Law no. 12 of 2011

This research aims to investigate the utilization of social media as a marketing communication tool by one of Sukin’s skincare products, which collaborates with an e-commerce platform and social media focused on beauty and skincare. The research employs a qualitative method involving observation and interviews. Data collected are analyzed using The Circular Mode of SoMe analysis model, which includes elements such as Share, Optimize, Manage, and Engage. The results indicate that Sukin and Sociolla utilize social media platforms effectively to introduce their beauty and skincare products, serving as communication tools for marketing purposes. Additionally, audiences participate in word-of-mouth promotions, provide reviews as beauty enthusiasts, and even involve influencers in digital campaigns created by Sukin and Sociolla. The evolution of social media usage across various fields facilitates easier communication and message delivery, contributing to the objectives of digital campaigns.

Background; Effleurage massage is a form of massage using the palms of the hands that apply gentle pressure to the surface of the body in a circular direction repeatedly. The number of mothers giving birth in the Ponek room (Maternity Room) with January 01, 2021 - July 31, 2023 amounted to 1047 patients and 15 patients gave birth normally. Objective; To determine the results of implementation in the application of Effleurage Massage techniques to reduce the pain scale in postpartum mothers in the Ponek Room of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital. Method; This type of research is descriptive in the form of a case study. The approach taken uses a nursing care approach, planning, implementation and evaluation. The application instrument uses the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and checklist sheet as a measuring tool to determine the level of pain scale. Results; The results of the application using Effleurage Massage techniques found that respondents had a pain scale of 4 (moderate pain) down to 0 (none pain). Conclusion; There is a difference in pain scale before and after Effleurage Massage at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.

Aviation safety, especially on the air side, is very important, so there is a need for supervision so that it can be maximized in maintaining the smooth running of activities on the apron, this has been regulated in Circular Letter Number 23 of 2011 concerning Improving Operational Safety at the Apron. One of the activities at Apron is the activity carried out by the Apron Movement Control Unit, namely determining the stand packing for the aircraft parking lot. Management Parking Stand which greatly determines safety in flight operations. Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport has 3 parking stands that are used for non-commercial planes such as private planes, private jets, however, all of these three parking stands cannot be used. from the parking stand because the wings between the two aircraft were too close or the sizes of the parking stands between A1, A2, and A3 were different sizes and the three parking stands are still actively used today. This study aims to determine parking stand management applied at Labuan Bajo Airport and parking stand management for the safety of aircraft movements at Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport.This study used a qualitative method with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Sources of data in this study were obtained from primary data and secondary data. This research was conducted from May to June 2023 at Labuan Bajo Airport.The results of this study Labuan Bajo Airport have 7 parking stands, of which 2 parking stands are used for garbarata, and 5 parking stands are used for remote and parking stands for charters where not many charter planes enter Labuan Bajo Airport and to maintain flight safety in determine the parking stand The AMC Unit is working according to the SOP that has been set. When there are planes that will be landing at the same time, the AMC Unit will ask the ATC for an estimate of the aircraft, then the AMC Unit will determine the parking stand based on the type of aircraft that will be landing, for parking stands 5 and 6 can be used for Boeing and Airbus aircraft, parking stand 3 is used for ATR type aircraft, and parking stands 6 and 7 can be used for Boeing or Airbus type aircraft.

This study aims to investigate the social media management in the information publication carried out by the Instagram account @semaras_sia. It employs a qualitative descriptive methodology with data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal four stages in social media management: (1) In the Share stage, the subjects engage in three crucial aspects, namely participation, connection, and trust-building. (2) In the Optimize stage, the subjects are not adequately involved in authentic communication. (3) In the Manage stage, the subjects conduct media monitoring, real-time interaction, and respond promptly. (4) In the Engage stage, influencers or communities are not consistently involved in the information publication. The social media management by the subjects does not align with The Circular Model of SOME, resulting in suboptimal performance in information publication through social media channels.  

Credit in Article 11 of Law Number 10 of 1998 refers to the provision of money or the equivalent thereof in the form of a bill, based on the agreement and mutual understanding between the two parties, namely the Debtor and the Creditor, with the obligation for the Debtor to repay the debt and interest obligations that have been determined. Before credit is granted to the debtor, the creditor will conduct a field survey regarding the debtor's financial activities until all conditions are deemed fulfilled, in order to avoid default issues in the credit agreement between the two parties. There are many ways to resolve default cases, and in BPR Surasari Hutama, resolving default issues in Credit Agreement No. B.28613/2019 that occurred in March 2019 with the guarantee of ownership documents of a 2005 Hyundai Excel motor vehicle was done by providing a multipurpose credit loan of Rp 15,000,000. It can be said that the loan became delinquent because the debtor did not have good intentions to repay the debt, resulting in an outstanding balance of Rp 9,800,000, and fled with the object provided as collateral. This study aims to understand the resolution of default in Multipurpose Credit with Motor Vehicle Ownership Documents as collateral and to determine that the creditor does not immediately execute the object but rather issues verbal or written reminders, such as Collection Letters or Warning Letters, in accordance with Bank Indonesia Circular Letter No. 26/4/BPPP dated May 29, 1993, and adheres to OJK regulations and Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 7/2/PBI/2005 dated January 20, 2005 regarding Restructurable Banking Credit.

Communication becomes very important in people's lives, because with indirect communication we can understand the attitudes, behaviors and actions of the environment around us. Communication that occurs between the Batak and Javanese tribes that occurs is called intercultural communication which involves two or more people with different cultural backgrounds. Communication and interaction between Batak and Javanese tribes in Environment II Untemanis is intertwined with the process of understanding each other's differences. This study is intended to determine the pattern of intercultural communication between Batak and Javanese tribes in Environment II Untemanis, Losung Batu Village, North Padangsidimpuan District, Padangsidimpuan Regency, North Sumatra. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study amounted to 14 informants determined purposively, consisting of the head of ligkungan II Untemanis, traditional leaders / hatobangon, and Batak and Javanese people who were at least domiciled for 3-4 years. Data collection is carried out by interview, observation and documentation techniques. In analyzing data, this study uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study show that communities in Environment II Untemanis coexist harmoniously through a process of adjustment and then accept each other's differences. In the process of communication and interaction these two tribes use mixed languages, namely Batak, Javanese and Indonesian. Despite having different cultural backgrounds, Batak and Javanese people in this environment live without any discrimination. The existence of high tolerance in Environment II Untemanis makes community life harmonious and open to each other. The pattern of communication that occurs between the Batak and Javanese tribes in this environment is a circular pattern. The creation of a circular pattern that indicates a reciprocal process due to supporting factors, namely the ability to communicate, mutual acceptance and respect between cultures, and the adaptability of the Batak and Javanese people.

Apocynaceae is a family of plants with characteristics of producing white rubber, having leaves face-to-face or circular, large flowers of striking colors, slightly fragrant scents, as well as crowns The flower consists of five parts. The family has 155 tribes and more than 2,000 species. The Permai complex is a residential complex located in the town of Bandung. Family inventory Apocynaceae is carried out in the area of the Permai complex plant, considering the plants of this family have various benefits. The method used is the exploration and line transect method. This is done by comparing the morphology of plants with references on the Internet. From Results 3 individuals of Allamanda cathartica L and 8 individuals of the species Catharanthus were found.

Utilization in managing plastic bottle waste using an automated Reverse Vending Machine (RVM) machine is a new introduction to society, especially in the city of Yogyakarta. This study aims to reduce plastic bottle plastic waste in the Yogyakarta city environment by operating a Reverse Vending Machine automation machine by describing the linkages with the circular economy at the community level around the city of Yogyakarta. One of the economic models offered by the world is the circular economy model, in which goods that have been consumed can be reprocessed. Meanwhile, plastic waste still has economic value which can be utilized by recycling but is constrained by the lack of public awareness. The purpose of this design is to design a recycling facility with new innovations and the right use to minimize the problem of inorganic waste in an effective way, namely in the form of a Reverse Vending Machine specifically for plastic bottle waste. The conclusion of this design is intended to utilize plastic bottle waste in the city of Yogyakarta which still has economic value by means of the recycling process using a circular economic model based on the canvas business model.  

Learning media greatly determines the effectiveness and efficiency of achieving learning objectives. This development was carried out with the aim of making PBL-based physics worksheets on parabolic motion material and its application as an alternative medium for physics lessons. Parabolic motion is circular motion whose trajectory is a parabola. This study uses a research design methodologyResearch and Development or research and development. Based on the research results assessed by material experts and media experts that PBL-based physics worksheets on parabolic motion material and its implementation have a feasibility index of 80 and 87 which fall into the feasible category.

Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics has regulated the opportunities for medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation for addicts and victims of narcotics abuse, as described in Article 54, Article 55, Article 103 and Article 127 Paragraphs (1), (2) and (3). In addition, it is also regulated in Articles 13-14 of Government Regulation Number 25 of 2011 concerning the Implementation of Compulsory Reporting of Narcotics Addicts and also the Circular Letter of the Supreme Court (SEMA) Number 4 of 2010 concerning Placement of Abuse, Victims of Abuse and Narcotics Addicts into Medical Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Institutions. Social. The problems studied in this paper are how to regulate the implementation of rehabilitation for narcotics addicts based on the judge's decision and how the role of the competent agency in the implementation of rehabilitation for narcotics addicts is based on the judge's decision. Provisions for rehabilitation for narcotics abusers are regulated in Law No. 35 of 2009, it is stated in Article 54 that Narcotics Addicts and Narcotics Victims are required to undergo medical and social rehabilitation. This is clarified in Article 3 paragraph (1) of the Regulation of the Head of the National Narcotics Agency Number 11 of 2014 concerning Procedures for Handling Narcotics Addicts and/or Defendants of Narcotics Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abusers in Rehabilitation Institutions (BNN Regulation 11/2014) which stipulates that Narcotics Addicts and Victims of narcotics abusers who are without rights and against the law as suspects and/or defendants in narcotics abuse who are undergoing the process of investigation, prosecution, and trial in court are given treatment, care and recovery in rehabilitation institutions. At the time the judge decides on rehabilitation, the judge will determine whether the person concerned (in this case the Narcotics Addict) undergoes rehabilitation or not based on whether or not the crime committed is proven. This is regulated as in Article 103 of Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The Role of Agencies in the Rehabilitation of Narcotics Addicts in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics as a non-penal effort of the National Narcotics Agency is the implementation of mandatory reporting of Narcotics addicts, Recipient institutions must report (IPWL) Narcotics addicts, Medical rehabilitation, Social rehabilitation  

Restorative justice or better known as restorative justice in the development of schools of law and punishment in human civilization, where the state returns the ius ponale and ius poniendi mandates to the community within the framework of healing, recovery and recovery. Restorative justice is a concept of thinking that responds to the development of the criminal justice system by focusing on the need to involve actors, communities and victims as a social recovery step in social relations. The principle of restorative justice is one of the principles of law enforcement in resolving cases which can be used as an instrument of recovery and has been implemented by the supreme court in the form of policy implementation (Supreme Court Regulations and Supreme Court Circulars). Restorative justice is considered a model of modern punishment that is more humane than the retributive justice used in the current justice system. One of the applications of this is the termination of the prosecution process by the prosecutor.

The impact of carbon emissions as a major cause of climate change has raised concerns and become a challenge for the international community. To reduce emissions, it is necessary to study the carbon footprint of activities in Al-Amin. The planning of Al Amin Living lab and Industrial Park along with the administration in which various activities produce carbon emissions these activities need to be calculated to find out how much the activity contributes to the emissions produced so that negative impacts on the environment can be minimized. Opportunities for PSE-GR Development Areas with the concept of Eco-Tech-Edu Tourism which has an understanding of Circular Economy Education (CED) is still very minimal in North Sumatra, PSE-GR can be a pioneer in spreading this understanding of CED where the integration of economic and educational activities occurs which at the same time helps maintain the preservation of nature. Encouraged by the development of the Independent Learning Curriculum (ILC), it is hoped that PSE-GR can become a place for research, service, and practicum of the UNPAB academic community that increases awareness of the need for nature conservation. Because Green Technology from across fields of science is still very minimally discussed and is still often partially researched, UNPAB can be an example of the integration of fields of science that become practical, dynamic, educational, and economic value innovations. The existence of 20 ha of land owned by the Prof. DR H Kadirun Yahya Foundation, it is hoped that UNPAB can develop a Living lab ecosystem at least on 10 ha of land. PSE-GR is not expected to be as exclusive as tourist areas in general, with the concept of CED, PSE-GR will not only help become an income generator & source of educational land for the academic community but also help the welfare of the village and the surrounding community. Carbon footprint studies are carried out in 3 scopes according to The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol), namely emissions from sources owned or directly controlled by the faculty, indirect emissions from electricity consumption, and other indirect emissions (WRI and WBSCD, 2004). Carbon footprint emissions from all three scopes are calculated based on methods from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory.

This paper aims to look at the changes in the dress of school students in Solok Regency during the reign of Gumawan Fauzi. This change was motivated by the issuance of regional regulation letter No. 6 of 2002 concerning Muslim and Muslim women's clothing. This title was taken from 1995 to 2005. The type of research used is qualitative research. The method used in this research is historical research method using steps (1) heuristics or source collection (2) source criticism, (3) interpretation, (4) historiography. From the results of the research conducted, during the reign of Mr. Gamawan Fauzi found that there was a change in the form of dress for elementary school students in Solok Regency, this was caused by a circular issued by Mr. Gamawan Fauzi regarding the way elementary school (SD) students dressed. From 1995 to March 2002 the clothes worn by elementary school students were wearing short-sleeved shirts for both men and women and wearing short skirts for women while men for men also wore short pants and did not wear headscarves for women, whereas after being expelled regional regulation letter No. 6 of 2002, namely that there was a change in the dress of female and male students wearing long sleeves and long male skirts for female students and wearing headscarves while male students wore trousers. While the meaning of changing the clothes of school students is: This change of clothes also has a meaning which means to protect the private parts, especially for female students, to guard against disturbances that will damage the genitals and also by wearing closed clothes also avoid the fires of hell in the future and also fortify themselves and the next generation of the nation so that they do not fall into a culture that is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam