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Hypertension is a global health problem that requires ongoing management, one of which is through a low-salt diet. However, many people with hypertension do not adhere to this diet due to a lack of information and understanding of the disease's risks. The Health Belief Model (HBM) can be utilized as a health education method to encourage hypertension management behavior using leaflets. This study aims to analyze the application of the HBM theory in the use of leaflets to increase knowledge about a low-salt diet among hypertensive patients in the community. The method used in this study was a literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines through the steps of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and selection of articles until 16 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The results of this study indicate that leaflets are effective in increasing knowledge about a low-salt diet, adherence to health behaviors, and blood pressure control for people with hypertension. The components of the HBM, such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, play a role in shaping risk perceptions and encouraging changes in health behavior. Therefore, leaflets based on HBM are highly recommended as a form of promotional and preventive intervention in nursing practice in the community because they are easy to use, low cost, and support self-management of hypertension.

Until now, truancy behavior is still frequently found among students during school hours. This behavior is caused by various factors, such as waking up late, staying up too late at night, feeling tired or sleepy, vehicle problems such as flat tires, lack of motivation to go to school, and other reasons. This problem has become an important concern for school counselors in providing assistance, one of which is through individual counseling services. Students’ participation in the learning process greatly affects the smoothness of learning and the results achieved at school. If truancy behavior continues to be ignored, it can lead to more serious impacts and even increase the risk of students dropping out of school. Therefore, school counselors have an important role in helping overcome this problem with support from students, subject teachers, and parents. One method that can be applied is individual counseling using the behavior contract technique. This technique aims to help students change negative behavior into more disciplined behavior so that truancy habits can be reduced and not repeated again. This study used a qualitative method with interview techniques for data collection. The results of the study showed that individual counseling services using the behavior contract technique were effective in helping overcome truancy behavior among students.

This Community Service (CS) initiative was executed collaboratively by faculty members from five universities—Universitas Pamulang, Universitas Presiden, Universitas Trisakti, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, and Universitas Borobudur—in Kasomalang Kulon Tourism Village, Subang Regency, West Java, on April 17, 2026. This initiative aimed to instruct village leaders, as prospective catalysts for change in waste management and renewable energy, on the technique for converting plastic trash into pyrolysis-derived alternative fuel and the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) energy harvesting technology. This activity addresses the critical issues of plastic waste pollution and the exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves. Annually, almost 8 million tonnes of plastic waste infiltrate the oceans, yet merely 9% of all plastic ever manufactured is effectively recycled. The collaborative effort encompassed Electrical Engineering, Computer Systems, Petroleum Engineering, Information Systems, Product Design, and Agrotechnology. The instructional techniques employed comprised lectures and conversations. The activity's results indicated that participants acquired a thorough comprehension of pyrolysis mechanisms, the principles of TENG energy conversion, and its possible applications at the village level. Despite the absence of direct implementation, the cadres shown significant motivation to facilitate technology adoption inside their communities. This PKM model demonstrates that interdisciplinary collaboration across universities is effective in providing innovative technological education to rural populations.

Local wisdom is an important part of a nation's cultural identity, but its existence is beginning to be marginalized in the midst of modernization. The Kajang Indigenous People in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, are one of the communities that still maintain their traditional values through a customary legal system called Pasang ri Kajang. This community service activity aims to introduce the potential of Kajang cultural tourism to students as an educational effort in instilling the values of local wisdom. The partners in this activity are the Kajang indigenous people and local traditional leaders, including Ammatoa as the traditional leader. The activity is carried out with a participatory and educational method based on direct experience, which involves students in observation, discussion, and reflection on local culture. The results of the activity showed an increase in student knowledge by 31% and a significant change in attitudes towards the preservation of local culture, where more than 80% of participants showed an appreciative attitude towards the values inherited by the Kajang community. This activity also received a positive response from the local community because of its approach that respects traditional values. In addition, this activity produces several outputs, such as cultural introduction modules, activity documentation, and draft service articles. This activity shows that student involvement in the introduction of local culture can be an effective strategy in building multicultural awareness and preserving the nation's cultural heritage.

The development of digital technology and internet penetration are driving changes in consumer behavior and demanding that MSMEs not only adapt but also understand the operational motives and marketing channel integration strategies to face competition in the digital era. This study aims to examine the operational motives and technical adaptation processes of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bali in integrating online and offline marketing channels through an omnichannel strategy to respond to intense market competition in the digital era. This descriptive qualitative research uses a multiple case study approach in three different MSME sectors: goods maintenance services, creative services, and fashion retail. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and a review of digital activities, then analyzed through single-case and cross-case stages. The results show that MSMEs optimize digital channels as instruments to expand reach and trigger consumer emotional engagement through a visual storytelling approach, while physical stores are crucially maintained as points of sensory validation. Functional integration has been proven to accommodate the shift in consumer behavior towards a hybrid decision-making pattern. In this pattern, consumers conduct information searches and initial evaluations online, but tend to shift to offline interactions to validate quality and finalize transactions to minimize purchase risk. In conclusion, cross-channel operational synergy has proven essential in boosting the competitive advantage of MSMEs.

MSMEs in the snack food sector face dual pressures: competition with large-scale national brands on one side, and the requirement to meet modern retail standards on the other. This Community Service activity was conducted at Jiddah Krenyes, a home-industry potato chips MSME in Jakarta affiliated with the Jakarta Entrepreneur community, using a Participatory Action Research approach with four cycles: plan, act, observe, and reflect. The intervention focused on marketing transformation toward modern retail penetration through Bright Store Pertamina via six sequential phases: audit and planning, visual identity and branding optimization, digital content strategy development, Bright Store penetration through fulfillment of seven retail requirements, integrated promotion activation, and monitoring and evaluation. Reflective evaluation confirms substantive changes in the partner's business capacity: gradual fulfillment of modern retail legality requirements, consistent brand identity strengthening, more structured digital content strategy, establishment of a Bright Store pilot outlet partnership, and more effective omnichannel integration. This activity contributes to the validation of PAR integration with modern trade marketing and omnichannel strategy frameworks for Indonesian snack food MSMEs.

Adolescents are considered a vulnerable group to nutritional problems because they experience rapid physical growth accompanied by lifestyle changes and unhealthy eating habits. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among teenagers has become a major public health concern that requires serious attention. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between peer influence, the frequency of eating out, and fast-food consumption habits with the incidence of overweight among students at SMAN 1 Surabaya. The research applied a quantitative approach using an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional method. A total of 81 students participated in the study and were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, SQ-FFQ forms, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. The findings revealed significant associations between peer influence, eating out frequency, and fast-food consumption habits with the occurrence of overweight among adolescents. Students who more frequently consumed meals outside the home and regularly ate fast food showed a greater tendency to experience overweight and obesity. These results indicate that social environments and modern dietary patterns contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents. Therefore, nutrition education and healthy lifestyle promotion should be strengthened through the involvement of schools, families, and peer groups.

This study examines the historical development of education in Malaysia, which has undergone a shift from the traditional pondok system to modern religious schools. This change was influenced by various factors, including social dynamics, colonial influence, and societal demands for a more structured and relevant education system. This study aims to explain this development process and identify the various factors driving this change. The research employed a qualitative approach through literature review, utilizing various sources, books, journals, and scientific documents, which were analyzed descriptively to gain a deeper understanding. The results show that the pondok system, which was initially informal and simple, even focusing only on teaching religious knowledge and moral development, underwent changes due to the influence of colonialism, the development of Western education, and the increasing societal need for formal education. This change gave rise to modern madrasahs and religious schools with more structured curricula, integrating religious and general knowledge, and implementing more systematic methods. The findings of this study confirm that this development did not completely eliminate the pondok system, but rather developed it into a more comprehensive educational system, enabling Islamic education in Malaysia to remain steadfast in Islamic values ​​and adapt to modern demands.

this study aims to evaluate the impact of capacity building for village officials in Anjir Seberang Pasar I Village on the effectiveness of village administrative and financial management following the implementation of Law No. 6 of 2014. The primary focus of the study is to measure changes in the competencies of village officials before and after the implementation of technical guidance, as well as the use of the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) application and Internet Banking Business. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, in which data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and the completion of pre-test and post-test questionnaires by respondents consisting of the Village Secretary, Kaur, and Kasi. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in three key variables: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude toward using. Quantitatively, the average validation score from respondents reached 4.53 (on a 5.0 scale), which falls into the “Agree” category regarding the system’s effectiveness. Based on data analysis, the success rate of capacity building for village officials was recorded at 29.23%, with a final understanding rate reaching 91.33%. These findings indicate that practice-oriented and participatory training is capable of improving the technical skills and accountability of village officials in managing digital-based government administration. The integration of Siskeudes and digital banking has proven to have a positive impact on a safer and more transparent payroll system at the village level.

The development of social media has brought significant changes in how individuals perceive themselves, especially among female university students who are in the stage of identity formation. Social media is not only used as a communication tool but also as a space that presents homogeneous beauty standards which can influence self-perception. This study aims to analyze the construction of beauty standards on social media and their impact on female students’ self-perception. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method by analyzing 20  relevant academic articles published between 2020 and 2025. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that beauty standards on social media are constructed through repeated visual representations and reinforced by algorithmic systems, creating an idealized image of beauty. This condition encourages female students to engage in social comparison, leading to self-dissatisfaction and decreased self-confidence. However, these effects vary depending on individuals’ ability to filter and interpret information. This study highlights the importance of developing critical awareness in social media use to avoid being influenced by unrealistic beauty standards.

Digital transformation has positioned artificial intelligence (AI) as a major driver of organizational change and innovation. This study aims to analyze the influence of AI implementation on transformational leadership dynamics and the shifting role of leaders in managing human resources through a Systematic Literature Review of reputable studies published within the last five years. The findings indicate that AI acts as a catalyst in strengthening the dimensions of intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration through predictive analytics and talent personalization. The automation of administrative and repetitive tasks enables leaders to focus more on strategic vision, organizational innovation, decision-making, and emotional engagement with employees. However, the effectiveness of AI implementation is highly dependent on leaders’ digital literacy, adaptive capabilities, and readiness to integrate technology into organizational processes. This study contributes by proposing a hybrid leadership framework that combines artificial intelligence with human emotional intelligence to support more effective leadership practices. The practical implications emphasize the importance of leadership development that prioritizes empathy, ethical awareness, and algorithmic transparency in order to maintain trust, encourage sustainable innovation, and strengthen organizational resilience in increasingly dynamic and volatile environments.

. Digital transformation in public administration has become a strategic agenda in modern bureaucratic reform aimed at improving effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and the quality of public services. This study aims to analyze the digital transformation of public administration through a comparative study between Indonesia and South Korea, particularly in the implementation of digital government. The research employs a qualitative method with a comparative study approach and is supported by library research through the collection of secondary data from scientific journals, international institutional reports, government policy documents, and relevant previous studies. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and comparatively using the approaches of Digital Era Governance (DEG), Institutional Theory, New Public Management (NPM), and Socio-Technical Systems Theory. The findings indicate that South Korea has successfully developed an integrated digital government through consistent national policies, strong data interoperability, high bureaucratic capacity, adaptive organizational culture, and equitable digital infrastructure development. Meanwhile, Indonesia is still in the transition stage from e-government to digital government and faces various challenges, such as inter-agency system fragmentation, low data interoperability, unequal digital infrastructure, limited civil servant competencies, and bureaucratic resistance to change. This study concludes that the success of digital transformation in public administration is determined more by institutional strength and bureaucratic reform than merely by technology adoption. Therefore, Indonesia needs to position digital transformation as a comprehensive state reform agenda in order to create a modern, responsive, and public service-oriented government.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economy, yet limited access to capital remains a major obstacle. Sharia financing from Islamic microfinance institutions is expected to support MSME business sustainability. This study aims to analyze MSME customers' perceptions of sharia financing, identify the internal and external factors influencing these perceptions, and examine the dynamics of perception changes after receiving multiple financing facilities. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation from MSME customers receiving sharia financing at BMT NU Ngoro Regional Office. Data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that MSME customers generally hold a positive perception of sharia financing. It is perceived as offering easy procedures, good service quality, and compliance with Islamic principles, thereby supporting capital increase and business sustainability. Perceptions are influenced by internal factors such as business experience and motivation, as well as external factors including market conditions and competition. Furthermore, customers' perceptions tend to become progressively more positive as their experience with receiving financing increases. The significant role of interpersonal service quality and mentoring in shaping positive perceptions is a key finding. In conclusion, sharia financing at BMT NU Ngoro Regional Office plays a vital role in supporting MSME business sustainability. Consequently, continuous improvement in service quality and business assistance is necessary.

Flooding in Aceh has become a recurring phenomenon that cannot be understood solely as a natural disaster but also as a result of human activities within modern society. This study aims to analyze flooding in Aceh through the perspective of Ulrich Beck’s risk society theory, focusing on how modernization, environmental change, and development policies contribute to the production of risk. This research uses a literature review approach by examining scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026 from indexed national and international journals. The analysis was conducted thematically to identify patterns, similarities, and research gaps. The findings show that natural factors such as high rainfall and atmospheric conditions act as primary triggers, while human activities including land-use change, river sedimentation, and ineffective policies significantly intensify flood risks. Flooding is therefore categorized as a manufactured risk produced by modern development processes. In addition, the impacts are not limited to ecological damage but also affect social and psychological conditions of society. These results indicate that floods should be understood not only from a technical perspective but also from a social perspective. The study implies that flood management requires a comprehensive approach integrating environmental sustainability, social awareness, and evidence-based policy to reduce both the impact and sources of risk in a sustainable manner.

This community service activity focuses on strengthening the participation of Simarmata youth (Generasi Muda Simarmata) in national development through participatory entrepreneurship development strategies. In the era of globalization, young people are expected not only to become beneficiaries of development but also to act as active agents of change within their local communities. However, limited entrepreneurial capacity, lack of practical exposure, and insufficient access to empowerment programs often hinder the optimization of their potential. This program was conducted from April 10–12, 2026, in Simarmata Village, Samosir Regency, involving approximately 300 participants representing Simarmata youth and interregional youth communities from various regions in Indonesia. The activity was implemented through interactive seminars and participatory discussions focusing on the strategic role of youth in nation-building and entrepreneurship development strategies. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ awareness, motivation, and understanding of entrepreneurship as a driver of economic and social transformation. More importantly, the program successfully strengthened the identity and role of Simarmata youth as a community-based development force, fostering collaboration, innovation, and sustainable economic initiatives. This study highlights that community-based participatory programs are effective in empowering local youth communities, particularly in enhancing entrepreneurial capacity and strengthening their contribution to sustainable national development.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed the way students interact and present themselves in social life, especially through social media such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. One of the emerging social phenomena is flexing, which refers to the behavior of showing off lifestyle, achievements, or ownership to gain attention and social recognition. This study aims to analyze how Sociology students of Sriwijaya University interpret flexing on social media and whether flexing is more dominant as a lifestyle or as a form of social pressure. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach by examining various scientific articles, journals, and previous studies related to flexing, self-presentation, symbolic consumption, social validation, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). The results show that flexing is not only a form of self-presentation and symbolic consumption, but also a response to social pressure in the digital environment.

Teacher professionalism is a key factor in improving the quality of education, especially in the context of rapid changes that demand continuous competency development. Therefore, sustainable professional development for teachers has become an essential need. This article aims to examine strategies for developing teacher professionalism through reflection and the implementation of best practices in learning. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, by analyzing various sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant articles. The results show that reflection plays an important role as a means of self-evaluation that helps teachers continuously improve the quality of learning, while best practices provide concrete examples of effective and innovative teaching practices. Reflection enables teachers to identify strengths and weaknesses in their instructional processes, thereby encouraging continuous improvement and adaptive teaching strategies. Meanwhile, best practices serve as a reference for implementing evidence-based and student-centered learning approaches that can enhance classroom engagement and learning outcomes. The integration of reflection and best practices is proven to strengthen teachers' competencies holistically by combining critical self-assessment with proven pedagogical strategies. This synergy also supports collaborative learning among educators and encourages the sharing of effective teaching experiences. Thus, sustainable teacher professional development can be achieved through the consistent application of these strategies, ultimately contributing to improved educational quality and more effective learning environments in schools.

This study examines the lexical and grammatical meanings of news headlines from the November 2025 edition of detik.com, posted on Instagram. The shift from a news site to a social media platform often necessitates adjustments to headlines, which can lead to shifts in meaning. To collect relevant headlines, this study employed a qualitative descriptive method with a listening and note-taking technique. The analysis shows that lexical meaning in headlines is evident through the use of words with basic dictionary meanings, such as names of people, places, objects, and actions. Grammatical meaning is discovered through affixation and reduplication, which can change or add to the meaning of basic words according to the context. These two types of meaning play a crucial role in creating concise, clear headlines that are appropriate for the way news is presented on Instagram. This study concludes that the formation of meaning in headlines on detik.com is influenced by a combination of lexical and grammatical meanings tailored to the communication needs of social media platforms.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has driven fundamental changes in the way organizations manage work processes, make decisions, and coordinate teams in digital environments. However, an integrated understanding of how AI-based leadership affects digital team performance, particularly through the roles of transformational leadership and digital literacy, remains limited and dispersed across different streams of literature. This study aims to analyze the role of AI in supporting digital leadership, identify its influence on decision-making effectiveness and team performance, and examine the challenges and ethical implications of its implementation in organizations. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by reviewing relevant scholarly literature on AI, leadership, digital literacy, human–AI collaboration, and digital team performance. The findings indicate that AI-based leadership can enhance team management effectiveness when implemented through transformational leadership practices that foster vision, change readiness, learning, and team coordination, and when supported by adequate digital literacy. Conversely, barriers such as low trust in AI, digital competency gaps, resistance to change, and ethical issues remain major challenges. This study contributes by offering a conceptual synthesis that positions AI-based leadership, transformational leadership, and digital literacy within a single framework to explain the optimization of digital team performance in modern work environments.

This study starts from the observation that Christian education is still often delivered in a one-way, top-down manner. As a result, learners are less actively engaged in understanding their faith and social lives. Paulo Freire’s ideas on critical education offer an approach that emphasizes dialogue, participation, and social change. This study aims to examine Christian educational theology through Freire’s perspective and to explore how his ideas can be applied in learning processes. A qualitative approach was used, employing library research methods—reading, note-taking, and analyzing written sources related to Freire’s thought and Christian educational theology. The findings indicate that Freire’s approach can shift education from teacher-centered to learner-centered. Learning becomes more dialogical, encouraging critical thinking and deeper understanding of reality. Christian education then focuses not only on knowledge of faith but also on character development and spiritual life. Consequently, Christian education should be developed to be more open, participatory, and dialogical through activities such as group discussions, open Q&A sessions, and faith reflection. This enables learners to grow in faith while developing stronger social awareness. Future research is recommended to study the direct application of Freire’s ideas in Christian educational institutions.