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Phlebitis is one of the most common complications that occur as a result of intravenous infusion, especially in pediatric patients. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the vein wall, which can cause pain, redness, and swelling around the puncture site. The high incidence of phlebitis in children requires serious attention because it can prolong hospitalization, increase healthcare costs, and reduce the overall quality of care. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of phlebitis in pediatric patients at RSUI Harapan Anda, Tegal City. This research employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 46 pediatric patients undergoing intravenous therapy in the inpatient ward, selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was an observation sheet that included independent variables such as age, chronic illness, duration of infusion, infusion site, type of infusion fluid, and nurses’ skills. The dependent variable was the incidence of phlebitis. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test to determine the relationships between variables. The results showed that most patients were in the toddler age group (1–3 years), had chronic illnesses, underwent infusion for more than 72 hours, had high-risk puncture sites, used hypotonic fluids, and were treated by nurses with insufficient skills. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between all independent variables and the occurrence of phlebitis. These findings highlight the importance of improving nurses’ competence through continuous training, strict monitoring of infusion duration and fluid type, as well as special attention to high-risk pediatric patients. Such efforts are expected to reduce the incidence of phlebitis and improve the quality of nursing care in hospitals.

Early marriage remains a significant issue in Indonesia, including in South Sulawesi, with negative impacts on health, education, and social welfare. These impacts include high school dropout rates, reproductive health issues, and increased maternal and infant mortality rates. This community service activity aims to provide education and counseling to second-semester students of the Faculty of Business at Universitas Mega Buana Palopo regarding the dangers of early marriage and the importance of future planning. The methods used in this activity include lectures, group discussions, and individual counseling. Through the lectures, students were provided with information about the health, social, and psychological risks associated with early marriage. Group discussions aimed to enhance students' understanding and awareness of the importance of education and future planning before marriage. Additionally, individual counseling was conducted to provide more personalized support related to issues students might face. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' knowledge and awareness of the negative impacts of early marriage, as well as a positive attitude toward preventing early marriage. This activity is expected to serve as a sustainable campus-based early marriage prevention model that can be applied to other universities. With proper education and counseling, it is hoped that students will make wiser decisions regarding marriage and future planning. Improved knowledge will reduce the prevalence of early marriage and mitigate its negative effects on individuals and society.

Adolescence is a period marked by a tendency to imitate behaviors associated with adulthood, including risky behaviors such as smoking. Smoking is a common habit among adolescents and can have negative long-term effects on health. This study aims to examine the relationship between parental supervision and family history with smoking habits in adolescents in Lemah Putih Village. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and involved 144 adolescents selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used were questionnaires on adolescent smoking behavior, the level of parental supervision, and family history of smoking. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the late adolescent age group (17-20 years) at 51.4%, mostly male (87.5%), and had a high school education level (53.5%). About 50.7% of respondents had a high level of parental supervision, while 61.8% had a family history of smoking. Moderate smoking behavior was found in 45.1% of respondents. Data analysis revealed a significant relationship between parental supervision and adolescent smoking behavior, as well as a connection between family history of smoking and smoking habits in adolescents in Lemah Putih Village. Therefore, strict parental supervision and awareness of family history play an important role in reducing smoking behavior in adolescents. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide insights for parents and relevant parties to pay more attention to supervising their children and reduce smoking habits among adolescents.

This study investigates the meanings associated with the song “Scaredy Cat” by Ian DPR, focusing on connotative and denotative aspects through a semantic perspective. Using qualitative research methods, this work builds on existing research related to figurative language. The findings highlight the complex interaction between the song's literal meaning and its deeper emotional implications, which collectively enhance its impact. Denotative aspects provide a clear understanding of the songwriter's experience, while connotative elements invite deeper engagement with themes of fear, anxiety, and vulnerability. This research reveals that figurative language, such as metaphors and imagery, contributes to the layered interpretation of songs. This complexity not only strengthens the emotional bond between the artist and the audience but also encourages listeners to reflect on their own feelings and experiences. The importance of language in music as a means of expressing human emotions is emphasized. By combining empathetic language and figurative language, songwriters can create a sense of release and emotional connection. The results align with previous research on the importance of figurative language in enhancing lyrical meaning and emotional resonance. Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between semantics and emotional expression across various music genres.

The K-Pop music industry has experienced tremendous growth and emerged as a global phenomenon, impacting other sectors, including the souvenir industry. The allegiance of devoted K-Pop enthusiasts significantly influences the purchase of memorabilia associated with their heroes. K-Pop memorabilia serves not merely as commodities, but also as emblems of cultural identity for enthusiasts. Consequently, SMEs involved in souvenir production possess significant potential to enhance the competitiveness of their products in both home and international markets. This study seeks to examine the influence of K-Pop fan devotion on the competitiveness of souvenir products and to identify business strategies that SMEs, like Zonnebloem Souvenir, can implement to compete in the worldwide market. Employing qualitative methodologies alongside the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and SWOT analysis to assess the business model of Zonnebloem Souvenir. Data was collected by observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed to formulate a business development strategy. The data indicates that Zonnebloem Souvenir has effectively leveraged K-Pop fan loyalty via product innovation and digital marketing, enabling international marketability. Zonnebloem enhances competitiveness by diversifying distribution channels, elevating product quality, and perpetually innovating in response to the burgeoning K-Pop trends in the global market.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a crucial issue that significantly impacts morbidity and mortality rates, as well as healthcare costs. Nurses' compliance with infection prevention is a key indicator of the quality of hospital services. Rewards are one factor that can influence compliance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rewards and nurses' compliance with infection prevention at Qolbu Insan Mulia Hospital, Batang. The study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 153 nurses were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included a 10-item reward questionnaire and a 21-item infection prevention compliance questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the 30–39 age group (50.3%), female (71.2%), had a Diploma 3 (D3) in Nursing (56.8%), and had worked for 5–10 years (44.5%). Most respondents received high rewards (79.1%) and demonstrated high compliance with infection prevention (90.8%). The Spearman test yielded a ρ value of 0.000 with an r value of 0.598, indicating a significant and positive relationship between rewards and nurse compliance. Therefore, providing targeted rewards can be used as a managerial strategy to improve service quality and support patient safety on an ongoing basis.

This study investigates the factors influencing financial distress in plantation sub-sector companies in Indonesia. The data collection method involves a literature study and documentation, while the data analysis techniques encompass classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity), multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing (partial, simultaneous, and coefficient of determination). The findings reveal that leverage, liquidity, and profitability both simultaneously and partially have a positive and significant effect on financial distress. These results offer valuable insights into the factors that affect financial distress in the plantation sub-sector, providing a clearer understanding for investors and company management. This study emphasizes the importance of managing leverage, liquidity, and profitability effectively to avoid financial distress, which could disrupt the operational continuity of companies. Additionally, the study serves as a reference for making informed decisions related to financial stability and strategic planning, assisting in mitigating the risks associated with financial distress. By managing these financial factors, companies can improve their resilience and sustainability in the face of challenges, contributing to long-term business success. Furthermore, understanding the role of financial management in preventing financial distress is essential for plantation companies to maintain stable growth. As companies face various financial pressures, the study highlights how proactive financial strategies can help ensure sustained performance and profitability, ultimately supporting their competitive advantage in the industry.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Chemotherapy treatment often causes both physical and psychological side effects, which can reduce the patient's quality of life. Various factors, such as family support, economic status, education level, and knowledge, are suspected to influence the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. This study used a non-experimental quantitative design with a correlational approach. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to 84 respondents undergoing chemotherapy at the hospital. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between factors that are suspected to affect the quality of life of patients. The results showed that family support, economic status, education level, and knowledge level were significantly related to the quality of life of cancer patients. Specifically, the p-values obtained were 0.035 for family support, 0.000 for economic status, 0.036 for education level, and 0.049 for knowledge level. These findings indicate that social, economic, and educational factors play a crucial role in improving the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, special attention should be given to family support, knowledge enhancement, and better access to economic resources for cancer patients. As a result, their quality of life, especially during chemotherapy, can be improved. Keywords: quality of life, family support, economic status, education level, knowledge level.

Marketing management has a strategic role in maintaining the sustainability of the company, especially in the midst of market dynamics and social issues that affect consumer behavior. One of the issues that had an impact was the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement against products that were associated with supporting Israel, including PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. This study aims to analyze the influence of loyalty and brand image on Unilever product purchase decisions after the boycott in the South Jakarta area. The research method used was quantitative statistics with a survey approach of 100 respondents. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the analysis showed that consumer loyalty had a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Thcal = 3.538 > Ttable = 1.984; sig = 0.001 < 0.05). Brand image also showed significant influence (Thcal = 4.032 > Ttable = 1.984; sig = 0.000 < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables had a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Fcal = 63.849 > Ftable = 3.09; sig = 0.000). A determination coefficient value (R²) of 0.568 indicates that loyalty and brand image together influence 56.8% of consumer purchase decisions. These findings provide important implications for the company's marketing strategy in responding to social issues and maintaining consumer trust through strengthening loyalty and brand image.

This study examines the connection between the growth of tourism and the income generated locally in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, focusing on the period before and after the operation of Yogyakarta International Airport in 2019. The research problem lies in understanding whether the expansion of transportation infrastructure has altered the determinants from Regional Own-Source Revenue (PAD), especially derived from the tourism sector. The objective is to analyze the influence of tourist numbers, tourist attractions, labor force participation rate (LFPR), and the number of restaurants on PAD across five districts/cities. The study employs panel data regression using data from 2013–2024 and the EViews 12 statistical tool. The findings reveal that the amount of tourists consistently exerts a positive and substantial impact on PAD in both periods, though its magnitude declined after the airport’s operation. Tourist attractions, however, became positively and significantly associated with PAD only in the post-airport period, suggesting a stronger role of destination availability in revenue generation. In contrast, LFPR and the total of restaurants show no significant effect on PAD during either period. These findings highlight a structural shift in PAD sources, with tourism remaining relevant but gradually overshadowed by other emerging sectors such as logistics after the airport’s establishment. The study concludes that while the airport contributed to diversifying economic activity, local governments should optimize tourism potential in parallel with new growth sectors to sustain balanced revenue generation

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is rapidly increasing globally and is associated with a high risk of peripheral arterial complications. The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is a simple and reliable tool for screening peripheral arterial disease, while foot exercise represents a practical, low-cost, and non-pharmacological intervention to improve peripheral perfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of foot exercise in improving ABI values among hospitalized patients with DM. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was implemented with 26 purposively selected inpatients with DM. Participants performed standardized foot exercises once daily for 15 minutes over two consecutive days. ABI values were measured using a sphygmomanometer and vascular Doppler before and after the intervention, and data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The mean ABI significantly increased from 0.707 (SD = 0.031) to 0.884 (SD = 0.027) (p < 0.001), indicating a clinically meaningful improvement from moderate impairment to near-normal circulation. These results demonstrate that foot exercise is effective in improving ABI values among hospitalized DM patients. The study highlights foot exercise as a safe, simple, and non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be recommended in inpatient care settings to improve peripheral perfusion and prevent further complications related to peripheral arterial disease. This intervention offers a promising approach to managing peripheral arterial complications in diabetic patients

Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) often experience physiological disturbances caused by both medical conditions and intensive treatment procedures. One of the most common problems encountered is sleep disturbance. Several factors contribute to poor sleep quality in ICU patients, including repeated medical procedures, environmental noise from medical equipment and staff activities, discomfort due to body positioning, frequent interactions with health workers, continuous exposure to lighting, pain, and the underlying disease process. Persistent sleep disturbances can delay the healing process, increase blood pressure, and even elevate the risk of stroke. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality in compos mentis patients in the ICU of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. The research design employed a correlational approach with a cross-sectional method. A total of 30 respondents were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) to assess anxiety levels. The Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis. The results showed an equal distribution of male and female respondents (15 each). Ten respondents had a post-laparotomy medical diagnosis, and the majority belonged to the late elderly age group (10 respondents). Most respondents experienced moderate anxiety (18 respondents), while poor sleep quality was reported by 17 respondents. The Chi-Square test revealed a p-value of 0.001, indicating a significant relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality. In conclusion, higher anxiety levels were associated with poorer sleep quality among compos mentis patients in the ICU. These findings highlight the importance of nursing interventions that address both the physical and psychological aspects of patients to improve sleep quality and support recovery.

Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death both in Indonesia and globally, with incidence rates remaining quite high. This disease is closely associated with various modifiable risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking. Various literature reviews confirm that patients with myocardial infarction often have complex clinical conditions, especially when comorbidities worsen the prognosis and increase the burden on healthcare services. This study reviews the latest national literature on risk factors, clinical profiles, nursing management, prognostic predictors, and non-pharmacological interventions such as relaxation techniques. The analysis demonstrates the need for a comprehensive and integrative approach to the management of myocardial infarction patients. This includes early detection using clinical risk scores, intensive nursing interventions in severe cases such as Killip III NSTEMI, and the use of simple prognostic tools that are easily implemented in healthcare facilities. A supportive approach also plays a crucial role in improving patient comfort and adherence to therapy. The integration of these strategies is expected to improve clinical outcomes, reduce morbidity and mortality, and enhance patients' overall quality of life. This study emphasizes the importance of updating local evidence-based clinical practices tailored to the needs of the Indonesian healthcare system, so that the management of myocardial infarction does not only focus on medical therapy, but also on aspects of prevention, non-pharmacological interventions, and ongoing care.

Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) frequently experience physiological disturbances that significantly affect their sleep quality. These disturbances are triggered by various factors, including repeated medical procedures, environmental noise, discomfort from medical devices, intensive interactions with healthcare workers, inappropriate lighting that disrupts circadian rhythms, pain, and the underlying disease process. Sleep disturbances in ICU patients may slow down the healing process, elevate blood pressure, trigger metabolic disorders, and increase the risk of serious complications such as stroke. This study aims to examine the relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality among compos mentis patients in the ICU of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. The research employed a correlational design with a cross-sectional method. A total of 30 respondents were included based on specific criteria. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), while sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between the two variables. The findings showed that the distribution of male and female respondents was balanced (15 respondents each). The most common medical diagnosis was post-laparotomy (10 respondents), with the dominant age category being late elderly (10 respondents). Anxiety levels were predominantly in the moderate category (18 respondents), while the majority of respondents demonstrated poor sleep quality (17 respondents). Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.001, indicating a significant relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality. In conclusion, the study highlights that higher levels of anxiety are associated with poorer sleep quality among compos mentis patients in the ICU. These findings emphasize the importance of nursing interventions aimed at reducing anxiety to improve patient sleep quality and support recovery.

Introduction: The increase in life expectancy among the elderly has directly contributed to the rise in the global elderly population. According to global data, the number of elderly individuals is projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2030. This demographic growth is often accompanied by various health problems associated with aging, such as the decline in vital organ function and the emergence of degenerative diseases. One of the most common degenerative diseases among the elderly is hypertension. Hypertension is widely known as a “silent killer” because it can lead to serious complications, including stroke and heart disease, if not managed properly. A common complaint experienced by individuals with hypertension is headache, particularly in the posterior region, which significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. Management of hypertension can be carried out through pharmacological therapy with antihypertensive drugs as well as non-pharmacological interventions. One of the non-pharmacological approaches increasingly being applied is isometric handgrip exercise, which involves static muscle contractions performed at light to moderate intensity. Method:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pain reduction in patients with hypertension. The research design employed a descriptive case study involving one individual with hypertension who experienced pain complaints. The study was conducted on September 16–18, 2024, at Roujin Home X. The instruments used included observation, interview, and the provision of isometric handgrip exercise therapy. Pain measurement was carried out using a numerical rating scale before and after the intervention. Results:The three-day intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in pain levels. On the first day, the patient reported a pain score of 6, which decreased to 4 on the second day, and further declined to 2 on the third day after the intervention. Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate that isometric handgrip exercise is an effective non-pharmacological method for alleviating acute pain in patients with hypertension. This simple intervention has the potential to be applied as a complementary therapy in elderly care facilities to improve the quality of life of individuals living with hypertension.

This qualitative literature review explores the ethical challenges associated with transparency, trust, and accountability in AI-driven accounting. The study synthesizes findings from recent research to highlight the complexities of integrating AI technologies into accounting practices. Transparency is identified as crucial for ensuring that AI systems are understandable and scrutinizable by stakeholders. Trust is essential for the acceptance and effectiveness of AI systems, necessitating clear communication about AI processes and limitations. Accountability requires robust governance frameworks and shared responsibility between humans and AI systems. The review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to develop comprehensive frameworks addressing ethical, legal, and technical aspects. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, including the evolving nature of AI and the need for empirical studies to examine long-term impacts. Future research should focus on developing practical solutions to enhance transparency, trust, and accountability in AI-driven accounting.

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is a bleeding disorder characterized by a low platelet count (<100,000/µL) caused by decreased platelet production or opsonization by antibodies, leading to platelet destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. ITP is one of the most common etiologies of bleeding disorders, especially in children. The prevalence of ITP in children is estimated to be around 1.9 to 6.4 cases per 100,000 children annually, while in adults, the prevalence is lower, at about 3.3 cases per 100,000 people per year. In the United States, the incidence of ITP is reported to be around 1.6 per 10,000 people annually. Clinical manifestations of ITP include petechiae, purpura, and/or ecchymosis, which are usually found on the upper and lower extremities. Mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms such as epistaxis and gum bleeding are also common in patients. These symptoms can vary depending on the severity of thrombocytopenia and individual responses to the condition. Diagnosis of ITP is made through a thorough medical history, physical examination, and rapid supportive tests to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate ITP from other conditions with similar symptoms. Proper and timely management is crucial to prevent further complications, including more severe bleeding or organ damage. With effective management, the quality of life of patients can be improved, and the risks associated with ITP can be minimized. Therefore, early detection and optimal management are key in addressing ITP, particularly in children who are more vulnerable to this bleeding disorder.

Anxiety is an emotional condition that causes feelings of discomfort, helplessness, and uncertainty, often without a clear reason. Among breast cancer (carcinoma mammae) patients, anxiety commonly arises due to treatment processes, physical changes, and uncertainty regarding recovery. Spirituality, which involves belief in God Almighty and connection with transcendental aspects, is believed to help individuals cope with uncertain and challenging situations, including serious illness. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual level and anxiety level among breast cancer patients in Semarang. The research used a quantitative correlational design with a sample of 110 respondents selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. The instruments employed were the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) to assess anxiety levels and the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) to measure spirituality. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between variables. The results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between spirituality level and anxiety level in breast cancer patients. The findings suggest that higher levels of spirituality are associated with lower anxiety levels. Therefore, interventions that support and strengthen spiritual aspects may be effective in reducing anxiety among breast cancer patients. This study recommends that healthcare professionals incorporate spiritual approaches as part of holistic care to improve psychological well-being in patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Background : Appendectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the appendix which is done as soon as possible to reduce the risk of perforation. Nursing problems that arise after appendectomy is acute pain. Objectives: Gaining real experience and knowledge and being able to document the application of deep breathing relaxation techniques is an appropriate non-pharmacological action in reducing pain scale. Method: this type of scientific paper uses a descriptive method with a descriptive case study approach with a case study approach to explore the problem of nursing care carried out on two patients carried out on June 15 - 20 2021. Results: from the results of nursing care to Mrs "S" and Mr "M" with a nursing diagnosis in the first patient, namely acute pain related to physical injury agents (eg abscess, amputation, burns, cuts, heavy lifting, surgical procedures, trauma, excessive physical exercise), impaired sense of comfort related to symptoms of the disease ( pain), impaired physical mobility related to decreased muscle strength (pain), and the second patient's diagnosis was acute pain related to physical injuring agents (eg abscess, amputation, burns, cuts, heavy lifting, surgical procedures, trauma, excessive physical exercise), discomfort related to symptoms of disease (pain), anxiety related to situational crises, lack of exposure to information, impaired physical mobility associated with decreased muscle strength (pain). The interventions in both patients were: identification of location, characteristics, duration, frequency, quality and intensity of pain, identification of pain scale, identification of non-verbal pain responses. The evaluation of the first patient had a pain intensity scale of 6 (moderate), and the second patient a pain scale of 7 (severe). The results of the study in the Surgery Room of the Palembang Bari Regional General Hospital after the deep breathing relaxation technique was carried out in the first patient on a pain scale of 6 (moderate) to 3 (mild), and the second patient pain scale of 7 (severe) to 4 (moderate). Conclusion: Progress notes to both patients on the application of deep breathing relaxation techniques to reduce pain intensity. The results of the nursing evaluation of the problem were partially resolved.

This article explores the issue of homosexuality from a Christian theological perspective by examining biblical teachings, traditions of the church, and contemporary theological discourse. Homosexuality has long been a controversial topic in Christianity because it is often associated with moral and doctrinal debates. This study aims to analyze how Christian theology interprets homosexual orientation and behavior, as well as how the church responds pastorally to individuals who identify as homosexual. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, this study reviews interpretations of biblical passages such as Genesis 19:1–29, Leviticus 18:22, Romans 1:26–27, and 1 Corinthians 6:9–10, which are frequently cited in discussions about homosexuality. The findings reveal that there are at least three dominant perspectives within Christianity: the conservative view, which rejects homosexual practice as sin; the moderate view, which distinguishes between homosexual orientation and action; and the liberal or progressive view, which accepts homosexuality as part of human diversity. The article concludes that the Christian view of homosexuality cannot be generalized and is influenced by historical, cultural, and denominational contexts. Therefore, a compassionate and dialogical pastoral approach is needed to uphold truth while welcoming all individuals with dignity.