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This study investigates conversational implicature in the 2024 animated film Inside Out 2 by analyzing characters’ utterances through the lens of Grice’s theory of implicature and cooperative principles. Conversational implicature refers to the implied meanings not directly expressed but inferred through contextual understanding. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, this study examines both particularized and generalized implicatures, drawing data from selected dialogues in the film and its official transcript. The emotional complexity of the movie—highlighted by the presence of characters such as Anxiety, Envy, and Embarrassment—provides rich ground for analyzing indirect communication. Findings show that from 28 data items, 25 are particularized implicatures and 3 are generalized. This distribution emphasizes a strong reliance on context-sensitive communication, where meaning emerges from emotional, psychological, and situational cues. Particularized implicatures often occur in emotionally charged interactions, reflecting the characters’ internal struggles and development, particularly Riley’s journey through adolescence. Generalized implicatures, though less frequent, serve to convey socially shared assumptions, enhancing audience understanding in broader, often humorous contexts. The analysis also highlights how the characters’ utterances align with Grice’s maxims. The maxim of relevance is maintained through contextually appropriate responses; the maxim of quantity appears when speakers provide adequate information; the maxim of quality surfaces through honest and sincere exchanges; and the maxim of manner is evident in clear, concise communication. Together, these implicatures and maxims enrich the film’s emotional depth and narrative subtlety.

This study aims to analyze the struggle of the main character in achieving superiority in the novel Adiba by Mairisa Elvia. This struggle is rooted in the feelings of inferiority experienced by the main character since childhood. Through the individual psychology approach of Alfred Adler and qualitative descriptive methods, this research reveals the forms of the character's struggle in responding to traumatic experiences, social pressures, and inner conflicts that affect the direction of her life. Data were collected from quotes of narration, dialogue, or actions of the characters in the novel that reflect the effort to overcome feelings of helplessness and achieve meaningful life goals. Data collection techniques were conducted through careful reading and systematic note-taking of relevant parts of the text. The data were analyzed using content analysis to unveil the meanings behind actions, dialogues, and narratives related to the dynamics of the character's struggle. The research results show that the struggle towards superiority is demonstrated through hard work, a never-give-up attitude, and a drive to be beneficial to others. The main character not only struggles to overcome personal weaknesses but also shows a transformation of personality through constructive and social achievements. This process reflects an individual's journey in shaping a lifestyle and ultimate goals as compensation for the feelings of inferiority they once experienced. This study concludes that the psychological aspects in literary works can provide a deeper understanding of the motivations and personality dynamics of the characters, as well as enrich literary analysis with an interdisciplinary approach.

Language acquisition is a fundamental aspect of early childhood development, particularly in learning color vocabulary, which plays a crucial role in cognitive, linguistic, and social growth. However, empirical data show that approximately 47.3% of Indonesian children aged 3-5 experience delays in recognizing colors, potentially hindering their overall language and cognitive development. This study aims to analyze the process of language acquisition in learning color vocabulary among children aged 3-5 years using a psycholinguistic approach, as well as to explore teaching methods employed by teachers at PAUD An-Najah Rowosari Tembalang, Semarang. A qualitative descriptive method was used, involving 20 children, teachers, and parents as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results reveal variations in color vocabulary acquisition: 30% of children showed significant progress, 50% demonstrated good development, and 20% required intensive assistance. Influencing factors include home stimulation, teaching methods, and psychological aspects of the children. This research enriches psycholinguistic studies, supports the development of effective teaching methods, and provides guidance for parents and educators in fostering early childhood language development, especially in color recognition.

This study investigates category shifts in the Indonesian subtitle translation of The Lion King (2019) using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Drawing on Catford’s Category Shift Theory (1965), the research identifies four types of shifts—structure, class, unit, and intra-system—within the film’s subtitles. The data, collected through documentation and note-taking techniques, were analyzed to determine the nature and frequency of each shift type. The findings show that structure shifts are the most dominant (54%), followed by unit shifts (21%), class shifts (18%), and intra-system shifts (7%). These shifts demonstrate the translator’s strategy in adapting the source language to suit the target language's syntactic and semantic norms. By focusing on the linguistic and functional aspects of subtitle translation, this research highlights the importance of translation shifts in maintaining clarity, naturalness, and audience engagement in cross-linguistic audiovisual media.    

This study aims to philologically examine the Simalungun script manuscript containing the early history of Simalungun. This manuscript is one of the important sources in understanding the history, culture, and identity of the Simalungun people from a traditional perspective. This study uses a philological approach by implementing several stages, namely inventory, physical description of the manuscript, transliteration into Latin letters, translation into Indonesian, and content analysis. Through this method, the content of the text can be revealed in depth to reconstruct historical information and cultural values contained in the manuscript scientifically. This research is important to do considering that the existence of Simalungun script manuscripts is increasingly rare and has not received much special scientific attention. The results of the analysis show that the manuscript contains a narrative about the origins of the Simalungun people, including the story of ancestral migration, the formation of clan areas, traditional leadership systems, and cultural values that are passed down from generation to generation. In addition to being a historical document, this manuscript also reflects the identity and outlook on life of the Simalungun people in the past. Through this philological study, the manuscript was successfully reconstructed and interpreted scientifically so that it can become an important source in preserving culture and strengthening regional script literacy.  

This study aims to analyze the tendency of moving toward people in the main character of the novel Pukul Setengah Lima by Rintik Sedu using Karen Horney’s psychoanalytic theory. The main character exhibits behaviors that reflect a neurotic need for affection, approval, and protection through submissiveness, self-sacrifice, and emotional dependence on others. A descriptive qualitative approach is employed, using content analysis of excerpts from the novel. The findings reveal that the tendency to move toward others serves as a psychological response to social anxiety rooted in unresolved inner conflicts and emotional insecurity from the past. This pattern of unbalanced interpersonal relationships acts as a defense mechanism to gain a sense of safety in social life. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of psychological dynamics in contemporary Indonesian popular literature and enriches the field of literary psychology.

This study presents a feminist analysis of the film Gone Girl (2014) through the theoretical lens of the male gaze concept proposed by Laura Mulvey. The study explores how the film deconstructs traditional patriarchal cinematic structures by repositioning the female protagonist, Amy Dunne, from an object of visual pleasure to an active subject who controls the narrative and psychological manipulation. Using qualitative content analysis methods, the study identifies key scenes and visual strategies that challenge the conventions of female representation in mainstream Hollywood cinema. The findings suggest that Gone Girl does not simply symbolically reverse gender roles, but also critically questions the mechanisms of spectatorism, representation, and power embedded in cinematic language. This study contributes to the broader discourse on gender and visual culture, by showing how contemporary cinema can be a space of resistance to normative feminine representations and patriarchal ideologies embedded in film production.

This article examines the contributions of two major schools of Arabic grammar, the Basran and Kufan schools, to the development of the theory of ibdal (phonetic substitution) in the Arabic language. Using a historical and comparative approach, it traces the origins of the concept of ibdal in classical Arabic linguistic tradition and explores how leading grammarians from each school shaped distinct theoretical frameworks. The Basran school typically approached ibdal with a logical and systematic perspective, emphasizing phonetic patterns and structured rules of sound transformation. In contrast, the Kufan school adopted a more flexible stance, prioritizing the realities of spoken Arabic usage even if not always supported by formal phonetic justification. This study highlights not only the methodological differences between the two schools but also their long-lasting impact on the grammatical structure of Arabic. The discussion underlines the intellectual dynamics within Arabic grammar scholarship and encourages further exploration into how classical ibdal theories can inform modern linguistic analysis in Arabic studies.

This study is titled Nonverbal and Verbal Signs in the Music Video Forever Young by Alphaville (1984). It examines how verbal and nonverbal signs in the music video are used to represent messages about youth, time, and emotional longing through a semiotic approach. The objectives of this study are to identify the verbal and nonverbal signs used in the video and to analyze how these signs construct symbolic emotional, cultural, and philosophical meanings. The data consists of visual scenes and lyrics from the official “Forever Young” music video. Data collection was conducted through observation by listening to the song, reading the lyrics, and documenting the visuals. The analysis employs a qualitative descriptive method, applying relevant theories of meaning, visual semiotics, and color symbolism. The findings show that the music video uses a combination of affective, connotative, and conceptual meanings to convey its message. The most dominant nonverbal aspects are props, manner, and activity, while appearance and content analysis are also present with less frequency. In the verbal signs, affective and connotative meanings appear most often, reflecting strong emotional nuance and symbolic references to youth and existential reflection.

This study explores the phenomenon of code-switching as portrayed in the Susah Sinyal movie. Code-switching is the practice of alternating between two or more languages within a single conversation, commonly done by bilingual individuals for different social and communicative reasons. The objective of this research is to examine the types of code-switching using the framework of Romaine (1989) and to describe its communicative functions based on the theory of Appel and Muysken (2006). The data were obtained from the movie using documentation techniques and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The analysis revealed three types of code-switching, namely intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and tag-switching. Additionally, the study identified six functions of code-switching: referential, directive, expressive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic. Overall, the use of code-switching in Susah Sinyal movie demonstrates how the characters strategically shift between languages to clarify meaning, convey feelings, direct actions, maintain social bonds, reflect identity, and enhance expression, reflecting the dynamic nature of bilingual communication in Indonesian popular media.

This study aims to describe the psychological elements of the character Kinan based on the id, ego and superego in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy asf, to describe the form of psychological problems in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf, and to describe the form of conflict defense mechanisms in the character Kinan in the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf. The research used a qualitative approach. While the method used is the content analysis method. The source of funds in this study is the text of the novel Layangan Putus by Mommy Asf published by RDM Publisher in 2020, the first printing. The data collection technique is a written documentation technique. The data analysis technique is a qualitative descriptive technique. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Psychological elements of the Kinan character were found based on the id, ego and superego, namely there is an uncomfortable id, a pain id and an unfulfilled need id, there is an angry ego in the Kinan character and there is that there a high personal standard superego, (2) It was found were 5 psychological problems in the Kinan character, including: mood disorders based on subjective feelings consisting of feelings of sadness, anger and disappointment, there were anxiety disorders, stress disorders, somatoform disorders and personality disorders including: adventitious, borderline, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic and narcissistic.

Indonesian language has an important role in education, especially in shaping students’ literacy skills through text-based learning. One type of text taught in the Merdeka Curriculum is anecdote text. This study aims to identify and describe the forms of syntactic errors in anecdote texts in the book Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia for SMA / SMK class X. The method used is descriptive qualitative with error analysis approach according to Ellis’ model. The data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques, and analyzed through the stages of identification, classification, and evaluation of errors. The results of the analysis show the existence of various errors, including the use of non-standard words, incorrect word writing, inappropriate diction, excessive word usage, conjunction errors, and punctuation errors. The findings emphasize the importance of improving the quality of language in textbooks, as errors in books can affect students' language skills. Theoretically, this study expands the study of syntactic errors in the narrative text genre. Practically, the results of this study can be a reference for teachers, book writers, and curriculum developers in improving and enhancing the quality of Indonesian teaching materials.

This article aims to: (1) explain the associative meaning contained in the story collection titled Malam Terakhir by Leila S. Chudori, (2) describe the associative meaning contained in the story collection. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The main source of data in this study is the story collection Last Night written by Leila S. Chudori. The data collection process was carried out using reading and note-taking techniques. Data validation was carried out through increased diligence, discussions with peers, and using the triangulation method. Data analysis was conducted in three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study show that the associative meaning in the story collection Last Night by Leila S. Chudori is 54 data, which is divided into four groups: stylistic meaning with 16 data, affective meaning contains 10 data, connotative meaning includes 17 data, and collocative meaning totals 11 data. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the texts in the story collection Last Night by Leila S. Chudori contain vocabulary that has associative meaning.

Raprock United Bali is an important music community that plays a significant role in preserving and promoting the rap rock genre in Bali. Since its formation in 2015, this community has served as a platform for musicians and rap rock enthusiasts to create, collaborate, and maintain the genre's presence amid shifting musical preferences within society. This study aims to analyze the role of Raprock United Bali within the cultural, social, economic, educational, and legal ecosystems, as well as the community's strategies for addressing various challenges. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data was collected through interviews with community members and literature analysis. The research findings indicate that Raprock United Bali has a strong cultural ecosystem through regular activities such as RAPROCK NIGHT and the production of the compilation album “ROKIN RAPROCK,” supported by local sponsors. In the social ecosystem, this community strengthens solidarity among members and builds connections with audiences through music events that also impact the local economy. Additionally, the community contributes to knowledge transfer and musical skill development, making it an informal educational platform for its members. Awareness of copyright protection and licensing regulations is also a crucial aspect of the community's legal sustainability. In conclusion, Raprock United Bali is not only a driving force in the music scene but also creates a significant impact on Bali's cultural ecosystem and society, making it an inspiring model for other art communities in Indonesia.

This study aims to describe the planning of the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the implementation of using historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the students’ ability to write drama texts using historical films, and describe the students’ responses to the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts. This research used observation, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires as its methods. The analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study are fourfold: (1) the planning for using historical films in learning to write drama texts includes the main objectives of using historical films, criteria for selecting historical films, the platforms used to select historical films, and the integration of historical films into the learning process, (2) the implementation consists of three stages: introduction, main activity, and closing, applying the discovery learning method, (3) the students’ learning outcomes using historical films in writing drama texts reached an average score of 82, categorized as good. (4) the students’ responses to the use of historical films in writing drama texts obtained an average score of 35.78, categorized as positive.

This research is motivated by the importance of evaluating Indonesian language textbooks in elementary schools to ensure they comply with the standards set by the National Education Standards Agency (BNSP).This research aims to describe the feasibility of the Indonesian Language textbook: Children Who Change the World for grade VI of elementary school based on the BNSP instrument, which includes aspects of content, language, presentation, and graphics. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques on books published by the Book Center in 2022. The results of the study showed that the book obtained an average score of 80%, with the quality of content, language, and presentation being classified as good, although there were shortcomings in the cover and completeness of the book elements. This book is suitable for use with several improvements to increase its effectiveness as a teaching material.  

This study conducted to explore residents' perceptions of 5s culture (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsukei) in recycling waste utilization activities in the Family Empowerment and Welfare Group (PKK) RW 02 Manyaran Village, Semarang. This activity was executed in order to introduce 5S working principle originating from Japan, which can help create a more organized, efficient, and hygienic work environment. By using the 5s approach, PKK members are expected to manage organic waste more effectively, reduce waste entering landfills, and support the establishment of a hygienic and visual spelling setting. Method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, with interviews  with 13 PKK members of RW 02 Manyaran Semarang. The results demonstrated a positive impact, especially in the aspects of Seiri, Seiso, and Shitsukei. Residents have understood the importance of sorting, maintaining cleanliness, and discipline in waste recycling activities. However, Seiton and Seiketsu aspects remain suboptimal due to inadequate  facilities and the absence of written procedures.

This study aims to analyze the suitability of sentence structure and vocabulary in chapter 6 of the Indonesian language textbook for grade 1 Elementary School issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture in 2023 based on the textbook eligibility standards of the Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP). With a qualitative approach explained by Sugiyono (2022), data was collected through various methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed in depth to find the meaning of the data, not just numbers. The analyze includes the appropriateness of content, the appropriateness of the language, the appropriateness of the presentation and the appropriateness of the display/graphics. The appropriateness of the content is considered appropriate and up to date. The appropriatenessof the language is still not quite right in the use of capital letters, italics, and punctuation, but overall it uses straightforward language. The appropriateness of the presentation can also be said to be interesting and complet. The appropriateness of display/graphics is also appropriate and the use of illustrations is appropriate. Overall, the Indonesian language textbook for grade 1, especially in chapter 6 "Temanku Berbeda" has met the criteria according to the eligibility of textbooks according to BSNP.

This study aims to recognize and compare the vocabulary used in Serang Javanese and Betawi language in the YouTube Version of Si Doel Movie in Season 1 and 2. The approach used is descriptive qualitative by using contrastive analysis technique. Data were obtained by observing the dialog in the movie, as well as conducting interviews with native speakers of both languages. The findings of this study show that there are vocabularies that have the same form and meaning (10 vocabularies), similar forms but the same meaning (9 vocabularies), and different forms but the same meaning (45 vocabularies). This difference shows the characteristics of each regional language, even though they are geographically located in close proximity. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining local languages and understanding vocabulary variation in inter-dialect communication.

Error checking is a technique for seeing mistakes made by students on the language object path. The aim of this research is to describe the forms of errors and factors that cause errors in the use of the complementary word 出来Chūlái，出去 Chūqù，进来 Jìnlái, 进去Jìnqù among students of the Class of 2021 Mandarin Language Education study program. This research uses descriptive and quantitative research instruments in the form of questions and questionnaires. The theory used in this research is Tarigan's theory. The research data in this study are errors in complementary words obtained from students' written and non-written exam answers. Formation errors were found in the part about filling in gapped sentences, the percentage of incorrect formation errors was 9.09%. Meanwhile, the word incorrectly arranged is found in the part about arranging random sentences into a correct sentence. The percentage of misordering errors is 61,82%. The cause of errors made by students is the lack of mastery of the material regarding the complementary words 出来Chūlái，出去 Chūqù，进来 Jìnlái, 进去Jìnqù as well as the complexity of the sentence structure which is very different from the structure of Indonesian.