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Digital transformation in education demands a fundamental shift in the role of teachers from traditional instructors to modern learning facilitators who are adaptive, creative, innovative, and responsive to the latest technological developments. This research aims to explore in depth the multidimensional role of economics teachers in optimizing visual learning media to increase students' interest in learning in the digital era, especially at SMAN 1 Lewolema in the 2024/2025 academic year. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study involved one economics teacher and 23 students of class X through observation, interviews, and comprehensive documentation. The results show that teachers play the role of innovative learning designers, interactive facilitators who encourage active participation, motivators who arouse the spirit of learning, and innovators who make effective use of visual media. The integration of visual learning media is carried out with a contextual and interactive approach, so that it is able to transform the student learning experience holistically. The positive impacts identified include an increase in the affective dimension through a sense of pleasure, a cognitive dimension through a better understanding of the material, and a conative dimension through increased focus, interest, and motivation of students to learn. However, the implementation of the use of visual learning media cannot be separated from various challenges. Obstacles that arise include the limitations of technology infrastructure in schools, the gap in teachers' digital competencies, and the diversity of students' psychological characteristics that affect acceptance of new methods. This research makes a theoretical contribution to understanding the dynamics of educational technology integration in Indonesia, as well as offering a practical blueprint for schools with limited resources.

This study aims to describe the early reading skills of first-grade students at Wahidiyah Elementary School in Tugu Village, Sendang District, Tulungagung Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a model adapted from John Creswell. The research subjects consisted of five students selected purposively. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The focus of the study was directed at five indicators of early reading, namely: letter recognition, syllable recognition, combining letters into words, reading words, and reading simple sentences. The results of the study showed that the use of the reading wheel teaching media had a positive impact on improving students' early reading skills. Students appeared enthusiastic about participating in reading learning activities with the reading wheel media. The activity of spinning the wheel, arranging letters, and reading the results of the rotation became a fun learning tool and motivated them to be more active. This process helped students recognize letters and put words together gradually, although the achievement of each student's early reading skills varied. The reading wheel teaching media was proven to create an interactive and enjoyable learning atmosphere. The conclusion of this study is that the reading wheel media is effective for use in early reading learning in first-grade elementary schools. Researchers recommend that teachers develop and utilize similar innovative teaching media to support students' early literacy skills.

Student interest in becoming a teacher remains a major challenge in preparing prospective professional teachers, especially amidst increasingly complex changes and demands in education. This study aims to analyze the influence of the School Field Introduction (PLP) experience and perceptions of the Teacher Professional Education (PPG) program on student interest in becoming a teacher. This study used a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression method. The population in this study were all students of the Economics Education Study Program at Surabaya State University, intake 2020–2022, with a sample of 150 students selected purposively. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire instrument distributed online via Google Form. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression tests to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the analysis indicate that partially, the PLP experience does not have a significant effect on interest in becoming a teacher. Conversely, student perceptions of the PPG program show a positive and significant effect on interest in becoming a teacher. Simultaneously, the PLP experience and PPG perceptions significantly influence student interest in becoming a teacher. These findings indicate that perceptions of PPG have a more dominant contribution in shaping interest in becoming a teacher than PLP experience. Therefore, it is crucial for educational institutions to improve the understanding and quality of PPG program implementation to encourage students' interest in pursuing a career as teachers. This research provides practical implications for curriculum designers and teacher education program managers to place greater emphasis on students' perceptions and readiness for PPG in order to produce professional and highly motivated teachers.

Individuals who do not live with their parents or do not have a nuclear family are generally placed in social care institutions such as orphanages. Living outside the family environment causes orphaned adolescents to experience limitations in building emotional bonds that are usually obtained from interactions with family. The absence of strong emotional relationships can affect various aspects of adolescent psychology, one of which is self-acceptance. Adolescents living in orphanages often perceive themselves as different from adolescents raised in intact families. This feeling can impact the formation of self-concept, self-esteem, and how they view and accept themselves. This study aims to examine the level of self-acceptance of orphaned adolescents living in orphanages, identify factors that influence self-acceptance, and understand the role of self-acceptance in relation to other psychological variables. This study was conducted using a literature review method of various relevant previous research results. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that self-acceptance of orphaned adolescents in orphanages is generally at a moderate to high level. Several key factors contributing to this self-acceptance include social support from the surrounding environment, self-esteem, optimism, and a positive self-concept. These factors are interrelated and play a crucial role in shaping the psychological resilience and mental health of adolescents in orphanages.   Keywords: self-acceptance , orphaned teenager, orphanage

This research aims to develop an electronic student worksheet (E-LKPD) based on Liveworksheet, integrated with Quizwhizzer, for teaching economic activities in elementary school. The background of this study stems from the limited variation in learning activities and the underutilization of digital technology in the learning process at schools. To address these problems, the study seeks to produce innovative, interactive, and easily accessible learning media that can support student engagement and improve learning outcomes. The development process follows the ADDIE model, consisting of five stages: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. In the analysis stage, the needs of students and teachers were identified. The design and development stages involved creating E-LKPD content integrated with Liveworksheet and interactive quizzes using Quizwhizzer. The implementation was carried out through classroom trials, followed by evaluation to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the product. Data collection was conducted through expert validation (media, material, and language experts) and questionnaire responses from both teachers and students. The validation results indicated that the E-LKPD developed is of excellent quality, with a score of 90% from media experts, 98% from material experts, and 96% from linguists. The student trial also produced highly positive results, with a feasibility score of 83%, reflecting strong student enthusiasm and acceptance of the media. Teachers also responded positively to the practicality and clarity of the content. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Liveworksheet-based E-LKPD integrated with Quizwhizzer is highly feasible and effective for use in teaching economic activities at SD Negeri 7 Kampungdalem. This learning media is expected to increase students' interest, motivation, and active participation, while also optimizing the role of technology in supporting a more engaging and meaningful learning experience in the classroom.

This study investigates the genealogy of multisectoral social conflict and cultural disintegration in Bima Regency by examining the interplay of political, economic, socio-cultural, and geospatial determinants. Using a qualitative exploratory-critical method, the research employs content analysis, critical discourse analysis, and spatial conflict mapping based on secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and civil society documentation. The results reveal that social conflict in Bima is not simply driven by unequal access to political and economic resources, but also by structural exclusion, historical marginalization, and the erosion of traditional social values caused by uneven modernization and weak institutional performance. Politically, civil servant bias, the persistence of patronage networks, and minimal civic engagement weaken state legitimacy, public trust, and accountability. Economically, the unequal distribution of natural resources, selective access to government assistance, limited economic diversification, and unresolved agrarian disputes intensify socio-economic inequalities and rural discontent. From a geospatial perspective, the contestation over land, identity, ecological zones, and environmental resources reflects the failure of inclusive and participatory spatial development planning. The study emphasizes that the conflict is systemic, complex, and institutionalized, calling for integrated cross-sectoral policies, inclusive political reforms, and spatially participatory strategies. It advocates for institutional reform, the revitalization of local wisdom and social capital, and the reconstruction of a shared cultural identity to restore long-term social cohesion and resilience. In the context of post-decentralization Indonesia, addressing such deep-rooted, chronic conflicts requires not only strategic policy reorientation but also the empowerment of local communities to play meaningful and active roles in planning, governance, and sustainable development processes. Sustainable peace in Bima hinges on a genuine commitment to social justice, inclusive governance, ecological balance, and the preservation of cultural diversity.

Art education plays a crucial role in preserving and developing local cultural heritage, including batik. This study aims to examine the role of art education at SMK Negeri 4 Palangkaraya in supporting the preservation and development of batik culture. The focus of the study was on the learning process in the Batik and Textile Creative Crafts Program, specifically for eleventh-grade students. This study employed a qualitative approach with case study and descriptive methods. Data collection techniques included analysis of learning documents, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and direct observation of learning and practical activities. The results indicate that the art learning process at this school focuses not only on technical skills in batik but also integrates rich cultural content, such as the history of batik, the philosophical values within motifs, and the role of batik in local cultural identity. Through this approach, students are equipped not only with technical skills but also with a deep understanding of the cultural values inherent in batik. Furthermore, student involvement in hands-on activities and community-based projects provides space for innovation. They are encouraged to create contemporary batik designs that remain rooted in traditional motifs but are adapted to contemporary tastes. This activity also fosters a sense of ownership of cultural heritage and fosters creativity and independence. Thus, arts education at SMK Negeri 4 Palangkaraya has proven to play a strategic role in maintaining the sustainability of batik culture. More than just skills training, arts education is an effective means of building cultural awareness, fostering innovation, and strengthening local identity among the younger generation.

Athletic physical condition is a key factor in determining an athlete's performance during competitions. This study aims to assess the physical condition of Unesa Women FC athletes using a descriptive quantitative method, involving 20 athletes as the sample. Data was collected through a series of physical tests to measure various aspects of physical fitness, including aerobic endurance, speed, agility, leg strength, and explosive power. The tests conducted included the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) for aerobic endurance, a 30-meter sprint for speed, Illinois Agility Run for agility, Leg Dynamometer for leg strength, and Jump MD for explosive power. The results of the study show that the average VO2Max of the athletes is 30.8 ml/kg/min, which falls into the "Poor" category. This indicates that the athletes' aerobic endurance has not yet reached the optimal standard required for competitive performance. The 30-meter sprint time recorded was 5.53 seconds, categorized as "Good," indicating that the athletes have adequate speed. However, the agility score obtained from the Illinois Agility Run was 21.97 seconds, classified as "Poor," suggesting that the athletes need to improve their agility for quicker movements on the field. The explosive power score, measured by the Jump MD test, was 45.75 cm, which also falls into the "Poor" category, while leg strength, measured using the Leg Dynamometer, resulted in a score of 57.47 kg, classified as "Very Poor." These findings indicate that most components of the physical condition of the Unesa Women FC athletes are still below optimal levels. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for a more structured and targeted physical training program tailored to the individual needs of each athlete. A training program designed based on these test results will help improve the physical fitness components that are lacking and support the enhancement of their performance during competitions.

The high unemployment rate and low entrepreneurial interest among graduates of the educational program at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Unesa, is a concerning issue. According to the Tracer Study data from the educational program, only a small percentage of graduates choose entrepreneurship. The statistics show that 15% of business education graduates, 23% of office administration education graduates, and only 3% of economics education graduates choose to become entrepreneurs. This indicates a lack of interest in entrepreneurship among educational program students. This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship practice courses, risk perception, and family environment on entrepreneurial interest among students of the educational program at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Unesa. The study employs a quantitative approach with data analysis techniques using SPSS version 25. The sample consists of 148 undergraduate students from the 2021 cohort of the educational program who have taken the entrepreneurship practice course. The findings indicate that the entrepreneurship practice course, risk perception, and family environment have a significant partial influence on entrepreneurial interest. Simultaneously, these three independent variables significantly contribute to entrepreneurial interest among students, accounting for 85.6%, while the remaining 14.4% is influenced by other factors not covered in this study. This research provides important insights into how academic factors, risk perception, and support from the family environment can affect students' entrepreneurial interest. It is expected that the findings can contribute to enhancing students' understanding and skills in entrepreneurship, making them more prepared to enter the entrepreneurial world after graduation. Ultimately, the results of this study can help increase the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia, which will help reduce unemployment rates and strengthen the economy.

The purpose of this study is to describe directive speech acts in the novel Rumah Untuk Alie by Lenn Liu. The research method is descriptive, a form of qualitative research, then the research setting is anywhere because it is descriptive qualitative, the research data is in the form of words, phrases, and sentences containing directive speech acts in the novel Rumah Untuk Alie by Lenn Liu, namely how are the directive speech acts of commanding, directive speech acts of begging, and directive speech acts of asking. The data source is the novel Rumah Untuk Alie by Lenn Liu which was published on February 27, 2024 with a thickness of 262 pages published by Tekad, Depok. The researcher used a documentary study technique. The data collection tool used by the researcher in this study was the researcher himself. The technique for checking the validity of the researcher's data used Triangulation, namely theory triangulation. The data found in this study amounted to 62 data, which included 21 commanding data, 17 begging data, and 24 requesting data.

This research examines the process of internalizing civic values within the context of multicultural education in Indonesia, which faces complex challenges in forming citizens with strong national identity while appreciating diversity. The study aims to analyze effective models and strategies for internalizing civic values in multicultural educational environments and identify implementation challenges. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach with literature study analyzing relevant academic publications from 2021-2025 through qualitative content analysis techniques. Findings indicate that internalizing civic values in multicultural education requires a holistic approach integrating cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions through learning strategies based on local wisdom, modern technology utilization, and transformative pedagogy. Main challenges include lack of stakeholder support, policy implementation gaps, and resistance to learning paradigm changes. The research indicates the need for reconstructing civic education paradigms from indoctrination models toward reflective-contextual learning that emphasizes tolerance, inclusivity, and appreciation for cultural diversity. Research implications emphasize the importance of synergy between educational policies, teachers' roles as transformation agents, and continuous evaluation to realize civic education responsive to the challenges of Indonesia's multicultural society

The ability to recognize numerical symbols is a crucial aspect of cognitive development that should be stimulated from an early age. This study aims to describe the process of using the stick box learning media by a teacher in introducing numbers to children aged 5–6 years and to explore its impact on children's understanding of numbers. This research employed a qualitative approach with a narrative design, focusing on the personal experiences of a teacher as the main participant. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations were conducted four times to examine the learning process and children's responses to the media, while interviews were conducted twice to explore the teacher's insights regarding children's numerical understanding before and after using the stick box. Supporting documents such as lesson plans and activity photos were also collected. Data analysis involved reduction, presentation, and verification stages to generate a systematic narrative of the learning process. The results indicate that the creative use of the stick box media significantly improved children's ability to recognize numbers in an enjoyable and interactive way. The children showed increased learning motivation and were able to identify numbers more easily without notable difficulties. In conclusion, the stick box media serves as an effective alternative tool in supporting early childhood cognitive development, particularly in introducing numbers.

The low level of active student participation in rural learning environments poses a significant challenge to the education system. This study aims to examine the role of Gerakan Mengajar Desa (GMD), a community-based non-formal education initiative, in fostering students’ social capital at SD Negeri 1 Sedong Lor, Cirebon Regency. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles & Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that the GMD program significantly enhances students’ self-confidence, social interaction, and active engagement in collaborative learning activities. Through contextual and participatory learning methods, GMD cultivates essential social values such as mutual cooperation, empathy, responsibility, and teamwork. These findings highlight GMD’s effectiveness as a transformative model for strengthening student character and building social capital in areas where formal education access remains limited.

The increasing demands for teacher professionalism are not always accompanied by adequate welfare, especially in Islamic educational institutions. This study aims to describe the role of the madrasah principal’s entrepreneurial competence in improving teacher welfare at MAN 2 Kudus in the 2024/2025 academic year. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were gathered through observations, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The study focuses on three aspects: the implementation of entrepreneurial competence, supporting and inhibiting factors, and the outcomes achieved. The findings show that the principal has demonstrated strong entrepreneurial competence, such as innovation, motivation, persistence, and the ability to manage school-based business units. Supporting factors include multiple income sources, high commitment from leadership and the school committee, and the professional status of most teachers. Inhibiting factors involve teacher workload, limitations on government education funds (BOS), and the underperformance of school businesses. Despite challenges, the entrepreneurial competence of the principal has positively impacted teacher welfare in economic, professional, and psychological aspects.

This study aims to examine the perspectives of students from the Islamic Family Law (HKI) Study Program regarding Ministerial Regulation of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Permendikbudristek) No. 30 of 2021 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education Institutions. Particular focus is given to Article 5 paragraph 2, which contains the phrase “without the victim’s consent,” a clause that has sparked considerable public debate. This qualitative field research was conducted at the Faculty of Sharia, UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, involving 17 final-semester students selected using a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that most students had limited understanding of the regulation due to the lack of socialization and outreach within the university. Moreover, the majority expressed concern over the phrase “without the victim’s consent,” which they viewed as ambiguous and potentially legitimizing consensual sexual relations outside of marriage—a practice prohibited in Islamic law. While the students supported the need for legal protection against sexual violence, they called for the revision of the regulation to align more closely with the principles of fiqh and Islamic jurisprudence. Thus, the effective implementation of this policy within Islamic higher education institutions requires the harmonization of state law and Islamic values.

This thesis discusses efforts to increase students’ interest in learning Mathematics through the use of concrete media among third-grade students at SDN 110/1 Tenam. The purpose of the study is to improve students’ interest in learning Mathematics by using concrete media with these third-grade students. The results of the study show an increase in learning activities that indicate student interest during Cycle I and Cycle II. In Cycle I, all student learning activities were still at percentages below 70%, with ratings categorized as poor and adequate. Meanwhile, in Cycle II, the increase in student learning activities was shown by all activities reaching percentages above 74%, which means they exceeded the predetermined Learning Objectives Achievement Criteria (KKTP) and were rated good and very good. In addition, improved learning outcomes, as evidence of increased student interest, also showed a significant rise. In Cycle I, students’ learning outcomes did not meet the Learning Objectives Achievement Criteria (KKTP), with a class average of 68.9%, whereas in Cycle II, overall class mastery reached 82.3%. This improvement in learning outcomes indicates that students showed fairly good interest when learning with concrete media.

The increasing workload and pressure in the field of education necessitate effective Adversity Quotient (AQ) management to foster teacher resilience and uphold professionalism amid evolving challenges. This study aims to analyze how AQ management contributes to enhancing teacher performance and professionalism. In the face of continuous educational change, teachers are exposed to various pressures, including administrative burdens, curricular dynamics, and complex social expectations. AQ which consists of four core dimensions: Control, Ownership, Reach, and Endurance is considered a crucial factor influencing psychological resilience and professional consistency. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach to explore managerial strategies, teacher perceptions, and experiences in developing AQ within the school environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that AQ is managed through contextual and participatory approaches, supported by an open organizational culture, supportive leadership, and a psychosocially healthy work environment. Strengthening AQ has been shown to contribute to the development of adaptive, reflective, and professional educators. Therefore, integrating AQ into ongoing professional development programs is recommended as a strategic institutional response to the growing complexities of the educational landscape.

Advances in technology and computers are utilized in various fields of contemporary applications, especially in cryptography and data security in graph theory applications. By understanding the concepts of graph theory, researchers and developers can design cryptographic algorithms that are stronger, more efficient and resistant to attacks. One of the cryptographic applications that has been implemented is the XNOR algorithm. This algorithm has been applied to encryption and decryption as well as the use of stream ciphers. By using 64 bits, the XNOR algorithm can expand encryption and decryption capabilities and increase the security of encrypted data. In this research, an analysis was carried out regarding information encryption and decryption algorithms with the application and development of the XNOR gate logic circuit method in Boolean algebra and graph theory. This research uses the example of the word MATH, which can be changed into a code or password and vice versa to secure information that you want to keep secret. Apart from that, an analysis of the graph formation of each character in the word MATH was also carried out using Python which produced semi-Euler and Hamilton graphs  

The rapid development of technology requires education to adapt to more interactive learning innovations. One manifestation of this is the availability of various digital learning tools, including electronic learner worksheets (E-LKPD) based on Liveworksheet. However, many teachers have not optimized this interactive media, resulting in a lack of interactivity in learning. This study takes a research and development approach with the 4D development model: defining, designing, developing and disseminating. The aim is to identify the development procedure, feasibility, and practicality of electronic LKPD based on Liveworksheet. Research data were obtained through validation sheets from experts, as well as teacher and student response questionnaires in small and large group trials. The validation results showed a very high level of feasibility. Material validation reached 97%, media validation 97%, and language validation 93%, all in the “very feasible” category. Meanwhile, the level of practicality was also very satisfactory. Teacher responses reached 93.3%, indicating that they considered this media to be very practical. Similarly, students' responses; the small group trial obtained 96.3%, and the large group trial obtained 94.2%. Based on the results of the teacher and student response questionnaires, it can be concluded that the Liveworksheet-based electronic LKPD is very practical to be implemented in the learning process.

The low learning outcomes of students in Economics subjects are often influenced by the use of traditional teaching methods that are less engaging and lack interaction. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of utilizing game-based learning media in improving students' academic performance. The game used in this study is the Wordwall game with the Airplane type. A quantitative approach was employed, using a quasi-experimental design with the nonequivalent control group model. The research subjects consisted of two tenth-grade classes at SMA Labschool Unesa 1, with the experimental class receiving treatment using the Airplane game media, while the control class was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data collection was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests. The data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent t-tests, and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the implementation of the Airplane game-based learning media significantly improved students' learning outcomes, as indicated by higher average post-test scores and N-Gain values in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that game-based media can serve as an innovative alternative in the learning process, as it is capable of enhancing student motivation, active participation, and understanding of economic concepts.