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Education in the Netherlands is the responsibility of the government and is managed by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. The Dutch education system is renowned for its holistic approach, which focuses on overall student development and encourages creativity and critical thinking. Education in the Netherlands is renowned for its comprehensive and progressive system. This education system covers primary, secondary and higher education levels, emphasizes school autonomy, gives teachers the freedom to design learning activities and includes students with diverse needs. The Netherlands also offers many English language study programs at universities, attracting international students. The Dutch education system also emphasizes gender equality and supports diversity in education.    

This research was conducted to analyze student behavior in participating in the English learning process at school. This research uses qualitative descriptive techniques. The object of this research was 40 students in class XII of Hospitality and Culinary Management at Praja Pandawa Bangli Vocational High School. Data was collected through a system of observation, questionnaires and direct student and teacher interviews. This data analysis was obtained from observations in the field regarding students' attitudes or behavior when participating in the learning process. This foreign language is one of the languages that they must learn as prospective tourism actors. English has now become a mandatory language for tourism vocational students. Apart from language skills, what we need to pay attention to is that behavior or attitude is what really underlies everything we do. We don't only teach education about student behavior at school, but the role of parents is the most important. We can teach attitude, but change is based on each individual, as educators we can only give direction and direct, in the process the individual has the main role.      

This research aims to describe learning through the flipped classroom model on Indonesian language lesson content in grade VI elementary schools at SD Negeri Sendangsari. The type of research in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were 17 class VI students in the 2023/2024 academic year. Research data was obtained through questionnaires, observation, and documentation. Questionnaires were given to students to see data on students' responses to Flipped classroom learning, observations were carried out to see the implementation of Flipped classroom learning, and documentation studies were carried out to examine students' values in learning. The data analysis used in this research is triangulation. The results of the research showed that the implementation of Indonesian language learning activities in class VI of SD Negeri Sendangsari ran smoothly. Educators carry out learning activities in the planned steps. Most students get scores above the KKM or complete. Learning with the Flipped classroom model can be well received by students so that students can get grades above the KKM after learning through the Flipped classroom model. Most students are enthusiastic about participating in learning using the Flipped classroom model.  

This research aims to describe learning through the flipped classroom model on Indonesian language lesson content in grade VI elementary schools at SD Negeri Sendangsari. The type of research in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were 17 class VI students in the 2023/2024 academic year. Research data was obtained through questionnaires, observation, and documentation. Questionnaires were given to students to see data on students' responses to Flipped classroom learning, observations were carried out to see the implementation of Flipped classroom learning, and documentation studies were carried out to examine students' values in learning. The data analysis used in this research is triangulation. The results of the research showed that the implementation of Indonesian language learning activities in class VI of SD Negeri Sendangsari ran smoothly. Educators carry out learning activities in the planned steps. Most students get scores above the KKM or complete. Learning with the Flipped classroom model can be well received by students so that students can get grades above the KKM after learning through the Flipped classroom model. Most students are enthusiastic about participating in learning using the Flipped classroom model.  

Malay Arabic writing is writing that uses Arabic script or letters (hijaiyah) in the Malay language. Malay Arabic script is often developed as a series of reading texts. Reading Malay Arabic texts is a means of learning Malay culture, but incorrect spelling can cause misunderstandings for readers. This research will examine Malay Arabic writing errors found in the fruitful banana advice text. The type of research used in this study is qualitative. The results of this study were that spelling errors were found, letters were missing when writing words, and discrepancies in meaning when written in Arabic-Malay letters.

Education plays a very important role in developing the human resource potential of a country. This research examines how Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara reflect on their experiences in facing the newly implemented Merdeka Curriculum. The Independent Curriculum is an educational approach that focuses on student needs, so teachers face additional challenges and responsibilities in implementing it. This research aims to explore the perspectives and experiences of Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara in facing the Independent Curriculum. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with interview techniques with Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara. Data validity testing was carried out using data source triangulation techniques. The research results show that the Merdeka Curriculum is considered relevant and oriented towards meeting student needs. Teachers have tried a variety of tailored learning strategies, including content, process, and product differentiation. Apart from that, this research also highlights the important role of learning modules and media in the Independent Curriculum, as well as the importance of In House Training (IHT) as an effort to increase teachers' understanding of the newly implemented curriculum. It is hoped that these findings can provide a valuable contribution in the development of educational strategies and provide the necessary support to teachers and other educational institutions that are implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

Education plays a very important role in developing the human resource potential of a country. This research examines how Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara reflect on their experiences in facing the newly implemented Merdeka Curriculum. The Independent Curriculum is an educational approach that focuses on student needs, so teachers face additional challenges and responsibilities in implementing it. This research aims to explore the perspectives and experiences of Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara in facing the Independent Curriculum. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with interview techniques with Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara. Data validity testing was carried out using data source triangulation techniques. The research results show that the Merdeka Curriculum is considered relevant and oriented towards meeting student needs. Teachers have tried a variety of tailored learning strategies, including content, process, and product differentiation. Apart from that, this research also highlights the important role of learning modules and media in the Independent Curriculum, as well as the importance of In House Training (IHT) as an effort to increase teachers' understanding of the newly implemented curriculum. It is hoped that these findings can provide a valuable contribution in the development of educational strategies and provide the necessary support to teachers and other educational institutions that are implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

This service aims to create Gubug Pintar as an educational initiative aimed at improving the English language skills of primary school-aged children in RW 008 Banjarsari Surakarta. English is an essential skill in the era of globalization, and introducing it early to children is a key step to provide them with wider future opportunities. However, many children in this community face barriers in access and limited resources for quality English learning. Through the creation of Gubug Pintar, it is hoped that an innovative, engaging and inspiring learning environment will be created for the children. The program will focus on teaching English vocabulary and will be organized in eight meetings with two meetings per week. Gubug Pintar will be a learning center that provides free access for children to improve their English skills through interactive learning methods. It is hoped that through this Gubug Pintar, children will develop a sense of enthusiasm for English learning, feel better prepared to continue their EFL (English as a Foreign Language) education, and acquire English skills that can help them in their educational and career journey. In addition, the program can also provide inspiration for other communities to take similar steps in improving English education at the primary level.

Writing is significantly essential for English as a foreign language and English as a second language. Students’ language learning has constantly been regarded as essential ability contributing to English learning. The purpose of this study was analyze factors contributing to students’ difficulties in paragraph writing course based on the students’ perceptions. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The instruments used were interview and documentation. This study, the participants’ answers were purposive sampling and analyzed descriptively. The participants were 60 students who were taking paragraph writing course in second semester academic year 2022/2023 in English Language Education Program  at IAIN Palangka Raya. The data analysis procedure of the research analysis were data condensation, demonstration, and verifying conclusion. The overall result based on the questionnaire, students found difficulties to use grammar. Based on the findings, there were two factors that caused students’ difficulties in writing. The two factors were internal and external. Internal factors consisted of self-motivation, self-confidence, lack of knowledge and feeling of under pressure External factors consisted of the teacher’s teaching style, classroom atmosphere, materials, and writing aspects. This research hopefully can help lecture in developing appropriate teaching techniques in writing and minimize students' difficulties in paragraph writing course.

Algorithms are steps that are arranged logically and systematically to solve a problem. In the world of simple programming, the algorithm is the initial stage and is written before the program is written. One of the problems that can be solved with computer programming is problems that involve mathematical calculations. This research aims to develop understanding of algorithms and develop programming skills, especially for beginners. The method used in this research is the literature study or literature review method, namely analyzing several studies related to the topic discussed, especially introducing the basic concepts of programming algorithms, characteristics of programming algorithms, grouping programming languages ​​based on level and algorithm notation, which are some of the basic things that are mandatory. known by everyone who wants to create a program. This understanding will be very helpful in the development of more complex programming projects. Therefore, learning basic programming algorithms is very crucial or important for anyone who wants to start in the world of programming.

In this increasingly sophisticated era, technology is also very often used in any situation. The use of various types of technology is growing so rapidly that learning activities in the field of technology have emerged which are usually called programming. Programming is also very interesting in the eyes of students because there are courses that are directly related to programming, namely Programming Algorithms. In programming, there are several types of languages ​​that are often used, for example the C and C++ programming languages. The C and C++ programming languages ​​are programming languages ​​that can simplify calculations in mathematics subjects, especially in the basic concepts of Arithmetic and Integers by using integer data types which contain numbers. So this literature concept study really makes it easier for programming users and readers to better understand the C and C++ programming languages ​​in calculating basic operations of Arithmetic Operators as well as calculations with simple codes on integers.

This research aims to answer the problems that have been raised/explained above, while the aim of this research is to describe the improvement in learning outcomes using the inquiry learning model with the help of image media in Class IV B SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. In the P2K implementation carried out at SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan, the research subjects were 28 Class IV B students at SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan, of which the total number of students was 16 women and 12 men. This was carried out in 2 cycles, the first cycle had 3 meetings and the second cycle had 3 meetings. Evaluation in class is carried out in the form of questions and evaluation questions. During the learning process, there is a change in students' attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely by implementing the guided inquiry learning model assisted by image media, it can increase students' self-confidence to ask both the teacher and their friends about material they do not understand and can increase student attendance. .Data collection was carried out through observing teacher activities and observing student activities. The number of students is 28 people; The results of initial observations made in cycle I were only 62%, increasing to 82% in cycle II. With this increase, it can be concluded that the application of image media can improve the writing skills of grade 4 students at SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan.  

Algorithms are at the core of computer science and play an important role in computer programming. Programming aims to tell the computer to perform certain functions. Computer instructions provide a set of instructions written in a language that the computer can understand. Programming algorithms consist of various detailed sequential steps aimed at solving various computer programming problems. A computer is an electronic device capable of receiving, processing, storing and creating information. In general, a computer is a machine that is used to perform various tasks, such as data processing, calculations, storing information, and executing predefined programs. Computers are divided into two parts, namely hardware and software which work together to support various types of computers and applications. Some applications of algorithms in computer science learning are data compression algorithms, binary search algorithms, linear search algorithms, repetition algorithms and hashing algorithms. When writing and creating an algorithm, you don't really focus on the programming language, so there are lots of algorithms used in programming. The purpose of this scientific work is to find out how important it is to apply programming algorithms in computer science learning. In order to achieve this goal, a literature study research method was carried out.

The problems that occur are low activity, speaking skills, and learning outcomes in Indonesian language content. The aim of this research is to describe educators' activities, analyze students' activities, speaking skills and learning outcomes. The approach used is qualitative with the PTK type of research carried out in 4 meetings and the subjects studied were class IV students at SDN Antar Baru 1 Marabahan. The results of this research show that the teacher's activities received a score of 100 with the criteria "Very Good". Student activity increased to 100% in the "All Active Students" category. Students' speaking skills increased to 100% with the criteria "All Students Are Skilled". Student learning outcomes increased by 100%. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that using the PROLOG model can improve activity, speaking skills and learning outcomes.

As an effort to increase enthusiasm and English learning in non-formal institutions, the Sunday School teachers embrace new methods containing organizing Community Service programs in collaboration with the universities. It is hoped that the method applied will increase children's motivation to join the learning process in a creative and fun way. Several things that are considered priority problems that must be resolved include: (1) Implementing Fun English Activities, (2) Increasing English vocabulary, (3) Pronunciation of English vocabulary and (4) Increasing enthusiasm and motivation for learning English. The solution offered is in the form of creative and fun English learning through games and songs as well as learning media with a Biblical theme. The activities were divided into two groups, first to fourth graders, and the fifth to sixth graders. The first group learned colors in various ways, vocabulary, and pronunciation in English. Meanwhile, the other group learned the Lord’s prayers and important vocabularies related to salvation. Both activities are equipped with interesting learning media. As the implementation, evaluation was conducted in the form of a quiz.

This study aims to see the effectiveness of the memory card matching game on increasing German vocabulary (Wortschatz) of Class XI Students of SMA YP HKBP Pematang Siantar. This research used quantitative method with experimental approach and One Group Pretest-Posttest research design. The population in this study were class XI students totaling 34 people. The sample used was 19 people, namely students of class XI IPA SMA YP HKBP Pematang Siantar. The conclusion of this study, namely the Matching Card learning media on increasing German vocabulary (Wortschatz) of XI science class students of SMA YP HKBP Pematang Siantar. This is evidenced by an increase in the average score of students at the time of the pretest of 48.68 below the KKM and at the time of the posttest to 87.00 above the KKM. Based on the results of data analysis and hypotheses tested, it is known that the Matching Card learning media is effective on students' writing skills. This is evidenced by the results of the normalized N-Gain test analysis with a score of 0.7705 or equivalent to 77%, where the score is in the effective category. Then based on the statistical hypothesis test with paired samples test, the significance value is 0.001 <0.05 in the sense that the calculated statistical results (t output number) < table statistics (t table), it is concluded that Ho is rejected and H₁ is accepted.  Thus, the Matching Card learning media has an effect in the effective category on the learning process.  

Prosody in the Minang Kabau language in this study was studied with 5 words, to find formants, frequency, intensity. They are /saruang/, /urang, /goreang/, /putiah/, /karajo/. The results show that the dominance of the predominant vowel is very high in these words. The words were also studied with frequency, intonation and duration to find the sound contour statistically. The results of the study are displayed through diagrams tables and explanations to understand the characteristics of sound, improve language learning ability. The earlier formant diagram shows the position of the tongue, with F3 representing the rear position, F2 representing the middle, and F1 representing the peak of the vowel (Predominant). The research method is the use of the Praat instrument to discuss the recorded and analyzed sounds. Minang Kabau, also known as Minang, has some phonetic peculiarities that distinguish it from other languages. Its broad vowel system, which comprises seven or eight vowels depending on dialectal variety, is one unique feature. Among these vowels are five monophthongs (/i, e, a, o, u/) and two or three diphthongs (/ai, au/, and maybe /oi/). Apart from this, there are vowel length distinctions in Minang Kabau, with both long and short vowels conceivable. In addition, the language has a consonant phoneme inventory that includes voiceless stops (/p, t, k/) and voiced stops (/b, d, g/), as well as a variety of other consonants.

The problem in this research is "Low results of learning Indonesian for class V at SDN 148 Palembang." The aim of this research is to improve learning outcomes for Indonesian by using discussion and question and answer methods in class V at SDN 148 Palembang. This research was carried out at SDN 148 Palembang. The research subjects were 25 class V students. The instruments used to collect data in this research used tests and observations. Student learning outcomes in cycle I when the discussion and question and answer method was applied was an average of 66.8 with a percentage of student learning completeness of 75% from 25 students after the teacher reflected and corrected several deficiencies so that student learning outcomes in cycle II increased, namely, grades. an average of 78.8 with a percentage of student learning completeness of 85%. Out of 25 students, the number of students has reached the standard of learning completeness. It was concluded that the application of the discussion and question and answer method in Indonesian language subjects in class V at SDN 148 Palembang could improve student learning outcomes. This means that the application of discussion and question and answer methods can be used as an alternative in learning Indonesian.

Humans use language as a means of communication. When communicating, speakers should use polite language because with polite language, speakers will maintain their dignity and respect their interlocutor. Apart from being an entertaining spectacle, films can also be used as a medium for learning and disseminating information today. This research aims to describe forms of compliance and violation of politeness principles in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap directed by Bene Dion Rajagukguk. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the aim of explaining the forms of compliance and violation of Leech's (1993) politeness principles in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap. The data collection method used in this research uses the note-taking technique. The listening method is done by watching or listening to the speech of the characters in the film and then using note-taking techniques as a continuation. The data obtained is described and determined whether it constitutes compliance or a violation of politeness. The results of the research show that there is compliance with the principles of politeness in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap, amounting to 20 data consisting of 1 utterance of the maxim of wisdom, 3 utterances of the maxim of generosity, 8 utterances of the maxim of praise, 1 utterance of the maxim of simplicity, 2 utterances of the maxim of agreement and 5 utterances of the maxim of sympathy . Apart from compliance, there were also violations of politeness principles, totaling 12 pieces of data consisting of 1 utterance of the maxim of generosity, 1 utterance of the maxim of praise, 2 utterances of the maxim of simplicity, 7 utterances of the maxim of agreement, and 1 utterance of the maxim of sympathy.

Studying phonemes is a part of phonology, so writing this article is about learning basic phonemes. Phonemes are the basic level of phonological learning because phonemes are the smallest basic units that form the elements that make up speech sounds. Therefore, in this article we will study the basic phoneme which is the smallest functional unit of language. a phoneme cannot stand alone because a phoneme has no meaning, but its role is very important because a phoneme can distinguish meaning. For example, the phonemes [l] and [r]. If we separate these two phonemes, we will definitely not understand their meaning. A phoneme has an identity basis which is called the meaning distinguishing function of the sound units of language. The method used in this article is a method that collects information through questionnaires to analyze students' understanding of phonemic learning and draw conclusions about basic phonemic learning, whether learning is important and easy to understand.