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The detection of computer network attacks is becoming increasingly important as the complexity and frequency of cyber-attacks threatening information systems and network infrastructure continue to rise. These attacks may lead to severe consequences, including data breaches, service disruptions, and financial losses. To address these challenges, artificial intelligence techniques have become a major focus in the development of more effective, adaptive, and reliable intrusion detection systems. Among various classification algorithms, the C4.5 decision tree has demonstrated strong performance due to its simplicity, interpretability, and high classification accuracy. This study aims to apply the C4.5 algorithm for network attack detection using a comprehensive dataset that includes multiple categories of attacks and normal network activities. The proposed methodology consists of several stages, including data preprocessing, feature selection, decision tree model construction, and performance evaluation using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Data preprocessing is performed to handle missing values, normalize data, and reduce noise, thereby improving the overall quality of the dataset and enhancing classification results. The experimental results indicate that the C4.5 decision tree algorithm effectively classifies network traffic into attack and normal categories with a satisfactory level of accuracy. The model successfully identifies attack-related patterns and highlights significant features that influence detection performance. Further analysis reveals that appropriate feature selection and parameter tuning significantly contribute to improving model reliability and robustness. This research provides a valuable contribution to the development of efficient, accurate, and practical network intrusion detection systems. The proposed approach is expected to strengthen information security frameworks and support proactive defense strategies against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, thereby enhancing the protection of critical network infrastructures.

This study aims to examine the application of mathematical concepts, such as proportion, and symmetry, in traditional Batak house architecture through an ethnomathematics approach. The method used is a literature study, where data is obtained from various written sources, such as books, scientific journals, and related articles. The analysis was carried out by content analysis, namely by identifying and categorizing the main themes that appear in the literature, then synthesized to understand how Batak local wisdom reflects the application of mathematical concepts in the design and construction of traditional houses, especially Bolon houses. The results of the study indicate that the Batak people traditionally apply mathematical principles in creating strong, aesthetic, and symbolic building structures, and are relevant to their cultural values. This study reveals that the concept of ethnomathematics plays an important role in understanding the relationship between mathematics and local culture.

This study examines the legality of pig valve transplantation in humans from an Islamic perspective, with the aim of understanding the differences of opinion that exist among scholars and medical professionals. This literature review identified two main views: first, arguments in favor of the use of pig valves in emergency situations, which adhere to the principle that patient safety should be the top priority. Proponents of this view argue that in critical conditions, such as heart failure, the use of pig valves can be justified to save lives, given the limited halal alternatives available. Second, there is a view that rejects the use of pig valves, arguing that the laws of halal and haram in Islam cannot be ignored, even in a medical context. Opponents argue that more sharia-compliant solutions should be sought, such as the use of valves made from synthetic materials or halal animals. This study shows that the legal issue of pig valve transplantation is multidimensional, encompassing medical, ethical, and religious aspects. Therefore, a constructive dialogue is needed between scholars, medical practitioners, and the community to find a solution that is acceptable to all parties, while respecting Islamic principles in medical decision-making.

Putu Wijaya's Trik Drama is one of the representations of the absurd theater style that developed in Indonesia. This work depicts a critique of social, political, and cultural conditions, where life is often full of manipulation, falsehood, and power play. As a prolific writer, Putu Wijaya uses this script to highlight the complexity of human life in the face of a reality that is full of uncertainty and conflict. In the context of history and culture, Trik emerged as a response to the social situation in Indonesia which was full of power dynamics and manipulation during the New Order period. Through absurd symbols and profound dialogue, this text pokes fun at human behavior that often uses tricks or deception to achieve personal ends, without considering moral values or truth. As part of modern Indonesian literature, Trik also reflects Putu Wijaya's view of art as a medium to arouse public awareness. With a unique theatrical approach, he encourages the audience or readers to think critically about the issues that humans face in daily life. This manuscript is not only relevant in its time, but also remains actual in describing the ethical and existential dilemmas of human beings to this day. Putu Wijaya's Drama Trik is an absurd theatrical work that explores the themes of manipulation, power, and the search for truth in human life. The abstract of the play includes the conflict between reality and illusion constructed by the characters, where they utilize each other's tricks and deceptions to achieve personal goals. In this drama, Putu Wijaya criticizes human nature that is often caught up in a game of power, lies, and boundless ambition. With a distinctive writing style and full of irony, Trik invites readers or viewers to reflect on the essence of truth, integrity, and existence in a life full of uncertainty. 

This research is motivated by the leadership of the wife of a pastor whose husband died in continuing the transition of service as pastor of the congregation. After the death of the husband who was the church pastor, the duties and responsibilities of church ministry were automatically assigned to the wife as the continuing pastor. After being approved as continuing pastor, the wife will play a very important role, her role will be the same as the previous pastor, carrying out congregational pastoral services such as pulpit service, embracing, guiding, nurturing, serving and leading as well as building relationships with congregation members and servants. The differences in leadership of wives whose husbands die will be directly visible when carrying out their duties and responsibilities as pastors of the congregation which will have an impact on the effectiveness of the ministry. Therefore this research takes the topic “duties and responsibilitities of a pastor’s wife whose husband dies on the effectiveness of services at the muliorejo gospel spreading church”. With the aim of the research to determine and analyze the transition of duties of a pastor's wife whose husband died on the effectiveness of service at the muliorejo gospel spreading church and to find out and analyze the responsibilities of a pastor's wife whose husband has died regarding the effectiveness of the ministry at the muliorejo gospel spreading church. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, the data obtained in this research used an interview approach and recorded conversations via cellphone recordings with 12 informants. The conclusion obtained from this research is that there was a change in duties experienced by the wife of a shepherd whose husband died, this change was due to a change in duties with a different position status. From previously only being a companion to her husband who was the pastor of the congregation, she has now become a continuing pastor because of her husband's death. With the task that the mother shepherd received as continuing shepherd at the muliorejo gospel spreading church making him a person who is full of love, has a high caring nature, is firm in leading and practicing a holy life so as to support the effectiveness of ministry in the church. The leadership responsibility of a pastor's wife whose husband has died directly contributes to the effectiveness of the ministry at the muliorejo gospel spreading church. The effectiveness of the service that occurs at the muliorejo gospel spreading church is carrying out physical construction of the church, experiencing an increase in the number of souls, increasing church activity programs and opening a new church branch which will be ratified on May 5, 2024.  

This research examines environmental scarcity caused by the construction of the Daratei geothermal power plant, in Ulubelu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency. The focus of this research is political and social factors that influence the geothermal development process. This research tries to examine in more depth and analyze the environmental impacts of geothermal power plants in terms of social and political aspects, with the aim of knowing the environmental impacts of geothermal power plant construction projects in terms of social and political aspects. This research uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation, documentation and interviews, with subjects selected purposively, namely selecting informants with certain considerations. The results of this research were then analyzed using environmental scarcity theory which was viewed from social and political aspects including demand scarcity, supply scarcity, structural scarcity, environmental regulations, public and social approval, and government intervention. The results of this research are the main factors causing environmental scarcity due to several political aspects in the form of lack of government support and policies in encouraging the use of geothermal energy as well as lack of community participation and transparency in decision making.

The research was motivated by the fact that there were still errors in input in the application system tax resulting from miscalculation of PPh 4(2) at PT. Telkom Access the results of Fiscal Year observations 2023. The research objectives are 1) to find out the procedures for calculating, cutting, deposit, and reporting of Final Income Tax Article 4 (2) for PT construction services work. Telkom Access. 2) to find out whether there are differences in procedures implemented by PT.Telkom Access the provisions of tax regulations related to Final Income Tax Article 4 (2) above construction services work. This type of quantitative research uses descriptive analysis techniques. The population and research sample is PPh 4(2) transaction data for the 2023 Tax Year at PT. Telkom Access. The research results show that 1) Calculation procedures, deductions, payments and Final PPh 4(2) reporting implemented at PT. Telkom Access includes a) Process calculations and deductions; b) Reconciliation Process; c) Deposit/Payment Process; d) Process Reporting. 2) There are no significant differences regarding calculation procedures, deductions, deposit, and reporting of Final Income Tax 4 (2) for PT construction services work. Telkom Access with provisions of Final Income Tax regulations Article 4 (2) for construction services work. This means everything the procedure is in accordance with the regulations.

The construction of identity and social movements in the era of regional autonomy has a considerable influence on the regulations that exist in each region to administer their respective regions. Regional autonomy has brought several changes and progress to each region in improving prosperity. It is hoped that the implementation of autonomous regional government through direct regional head elections will provide opportunities for regions to channel their aspirations more freely. Regional Head Elections are suspected or assumed to be related to the rise of local culture or community in the form of identity politics. Identity politics is a tool of political struggle for an ethnic group to achieve certain goals. The phenomenon of a social movement of relative deprivation carried out in connection with the cancellation or postponement of regional head elections is the result of aspirations that have not been realized.

Self-confidence is a character that must be instilled in oneself from an early age, especially in this case for teenagers in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. The coastal area of Tomini Bay has rich natural resource potential and diverse cultural diversity. However, this area often faces various challenges, especially in terms of education and character development of its young generation. Teenagers tend to feel unable to be equal to other teenagers in urban environments. This is because of their low self-confidence. Therefore, starting from this problem, the community service offers a solution by forming a self-confidence character through Public Speaking training for junior high school students in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. Public Speaking training gives students the opportunity to practice speaking in front of many people, be able to respond to feedback constructively, and overcome nervousness or anxiety. A structured and ongoing training program is expected to form a self-confidence character in students. The implementation of this community service activity uses a training method. This community service activity will be carried out at SMP Negeri 3 Satap Bonepantai. This school is one of the schools included in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. It is hoped that with this service, it can be a solution for the low level of student confidence to appear speaking in public in this case through Public Speaking training.

Inquiry-based learning is a pedagogical approach that encourages students to actively construct their knowledge through exploration and questioning. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the inquiry-based learning model in improving students' conceptual understanding of biology. The research employs a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. Data were collected from high school students and analyzed using statistical tests to compare learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that students who learned through inquiry-based methods demonstrated significantly higher conceptual understanding than those in traditional learning settings. These results suggest that the inquiry-based learning model can enhance students' critical thinking skills and conceptual mastery, making it a valuable approach for biology education. The study's implications highlight the need for integrating inquiry-based learning in science curricula to foster deeper understanding and engagement among students.

This research is entitled Analysis of Waqf Land Management in Creating Community Welfare (Case Study of Mandiangin District). The research method used by researchers is a qualitative approach. The results of this research are: 1) The management of waqf land in Suka Maju Village includes: the waqf land manager receives waqf land from the community in Suka Maju Village, then the waqf land manager manages the waqf land, after that allocates the results of managing the waqf land to various community needs in Suka Maju Village. Meanwhile, the waqf land in Suka Maju Village itself comes from the community in Suka Maju Village. After the acceptance stage of the waqf land has been accommodated, the next stage is the stage of managing and allocating the waqf land which is distributed to the Suka Maju Village Government with the general aim of religious and public interests. There are 6 waqf lands in Suka Maju Village until 2023 which come from the Suka Maju Village community with different land sizes. Meanwhile, the use of waqf land in Suka Maju Village is used in 2 sectors, namely 1) Education sector. The waqf land collected in Suka Maju Village is used for the education sector with an area of 600m2, namely for the construction of elementary schools and PAUD. 2) Religious sector, waqf land collected in Suka Maju Village, is used for the religious sector with an area of 1200m2, namely for the construction of mosques and prayer rooms. 2) The impact of wakah land management in creating welfare for the people of Suka Maju Village can be seen from 4 indicators of community welfare, namely income, health, education and religion. In the dimension of health or care for the soul in an Islamic perspective, the role of waqf land in Suka Maju Village has not succeeded in realizing care for the soul as measured by the community's ability to easily get access to health cards, health access services and the ability to provide treatment if a family member is sick. In terms of the development of the educational dimension or maintenance of reason in the management of waqf land, the impact of waqf land in Suka Maju Village has been to be able to meet the educational needs of the village community in the form of sending children in Suka Maju Village to school at the formal education level. In the development of the income or asset maintenance dimension in asset allocation, the existence of waqf land in Suka Maju Village has not been able to provide an impact or contribution to the income of the community or the village government. From a religious perspective, the existence of a religious institution that stands on waqf land in Suka Maju Village has had a positive impact in improving community welfare in the religious sector in the form of increasing piety. Therefore, the Suka Maju Village Government has carried out the role of waqf land in the form of religious protection or hifdz a-din, namely creating prosperity from a religious perspective.

Law is defined as a rule or norm that must be followed by humans. To ensure the implementation of law in Indonesia, various legal products are needed, especially laws that regulate community activities. Firearms abbreviated as Senpi are weapons that release one or more projectiles that are propelled at high speed by gas produced by the combustion of a propellant (projectile). The problem of ownership to misuse of firearms is something that is very dangerous and high risk, resulting in fatalities in society, the increasing number of cases in recent years in Indonesia shows the importance of the seriousness of law enforcement in responding to this problem. Misuse of Illegal Firearms Ownership is regulated in Emergency Law Number 12 of 1951 concerning the amendment of the "Ordonnantie Tijdelijke Bijzondere Strafbepalinge" (STBL. 1948 No. 17) and the Former Republic of Indonesia Law Number 8 of 1948 stating that anyone who without the right to enter Indonesia makes, receives, tries to obtain, submits or tries to submit, controls, carries, has a stock of it or has in his possession, stores, transports, hides, uses, or removes from Indonesia a firearm, ammunition or explosive material, is punished with the death penalty or life imprisonment or a temporary prison sentence of up to twenty years. Police Regulation Number 1 of 2022 dated January 28, 2022 concerning licensing, supervision and control of Polri firearms, non-organic TNI-Polri firearms and security equipment classified as firearms, namely non-TNI-Polri firearms with types of non-TNI-Polri firearms including live ammunition firearms, rubber bullets, and gas bullets from the Polri. The process from ordering to handover of goods to the owner, both the legality of documents and physical control (ballistic tests) are under the supervision of the Polri. The circulation of illegal firearms among the Indonesian people requires law enforcement, especially the Police, to be more active and take early prevention measures against those who own, make, and supply illegal firearms that threaten the lives of the community due to the impacts caused by illegal firearm ownership. The case of firearm ownership against the defendant SULIS NURFITO, Ponorogo, 34 years old, Male, Jln. Swadaya Kel. Bukit Batrem District. Dumai Timur Province. Riau, Islam, Construction Workers with Decision NUMBER 2157/Pid.Sus/2017/PN Mdn sentenced to 2 (two) years and 3 (three) months in prison, making the public's perspective on the world of justice in Indonesia far from the public's expectations considering the threat of punishment for the Article applied with the threat of 20 Years in Prison with the verdict given by the judge of 2 (two) years and 3 (three) months shows that law enforcement is far from the public's expectations and does not have a deterrent effect on the defendant and other users of illegal firearms who have not been arrested by the Police.

This article discusses the socialization activities of geological mapping, regional drainage, and groundwater basins (CAT) in Sadeng Village aimed at increasing public understanding of the conditions of their area in order to prevent landslides. This socialization involved various parties, including local agencies, academics, and community leaders, with a focus on geological conditions, drainage systems, and potential groundwater basins in the area. The methods used included field surveys, participatory mapping, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to identify geological conditions and major problems in the drainage system and groundwater management. The results of this activity showed that the community began to understand the conditions of the area, realized the importance of protecting the environment and was actively involved in improving the drainage system and groundwater management. The recommendations prepared included construction solutions according to the results of geological mapping, and improvements to drainage infrastructure. This socialization is expected to be a model for implementation in other areas with similar environmental characteristics.

Irwansyah. The city of Palembang is one of the cities in Indonesia that has environmental problems, namely the existence of densely populated settlements in riverbank areas. With these conditions, the Palembang City Government has made efforts to prevent river water pollution as a form of Healthy City development. This is realized by the construction of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Karya Jaya Village, Kertapati District, Palembang City, part of which is located right on the riverside. The main concern in this study is the role of the Government of Karya Jaya Village, Kertapati District, Palembang City in empowering the community to utilize communal WWTP which includes human empowerment, business empowerment, environmental empowerment, institutional empowerment, obstacles and efforts made to overcome them.The results of the study show that the role of the Karya Jaya Village Government, Kertapati District, Palembang City in environmental management consisting of human empowerment, business empowerment, environmental empowerment and institutional empowerment has not been carried out optimally. This is because the empowerment effort is a cross-sectoral effort. The obstacles that arise in the implementation of the role of the Karya Jaya Village Government, Kertapati District, Palembang City in environmental planning consist of budget limitations, community mindset and binding rules, which have not been overcome by the efforts that have been made, namely maximizing community participation and awareness. Therefore, the Government of Karya Jaya Village, Kertapati District, Palembang City should take coordination steps with related parties to maximize its role in environmental planning in the area. Thus, the environmental arrangement efforts carried out become more optimal and comprehensive. The Karya Jaya Village Government, Kertapati District, Palembang City should take intensive coordination steps with LPMK, RW, RT administrators, religious leaders and local community leaders to overcome various obstacles that arise in environmental planning in this region.    

The aim of the activity is information on waste management and waste management practice activities to reduce the impact caused by waste based on Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2013 concerning Waste Management. The service method used: 1. Direct observation, namely the service member comes directly to the service location to collect data. We do this before and during the activity. 2. Carrying out environmental improvement project planning activities where we divide the team into several tasks and activities, namely, the first step is providing education regarding waste management legislation in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government area and the impact of waste on the living environment, the second step is providing training in making technology household waste management. 3. Conduct joint evaluations and sharing to find mutual agreement in making environmental improvements. Results of community service activities Community service activities were carried out on Saturdays and Sundays, from March 14 2020 to March 15 2020 at 09.00 to 13.00 WIB located in the Jagakarsa sub-district area in several Jagakarsa sub-districts, South Jakarta. This community service activity was carried out to provide information regarding Waste Management in the DKI South Jakarta Region regarding the Implementation of Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2019, Amendments to Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2013 concerning Waste Management. Conclusion The training participants were very enthusiastic and proactive in all activities from the beginning to the end of the activity, it was proven that the many questions were mutually constructive in order to improve the environment for the better and maximize waste as a valuable value that can be used in society as economic value for the community.

The problem background of this article discusses progress in human life and other organisms, from the beginning of life to changes in the life cycle. The term cognition Refers to mental processes in the human mind, important for understanding the world and interactions with the environment. Jean Piaget highlighted how children build understanding through stages of cognitive development. The Independent Curriculum and Christian religious education provide a relevant context for discussing education and holistic individual development. The method used in this article is library research, namely collecting data from various literature related to research. The stages of literature study include preparing equipment, making a bibliography, managing time, and reading and recording research materials. Data was collected through searching for sources from various media such as books, journals and previous research, with critical and in-depth explanations to support arguments and ideas. The result of this article is that cognitive development is influenced by different stages. Children think differently at each stage, for example from sensorimotor to formal operational. The Freedom to Learn curriculum can integrate Piaget's theory in Christian religious education with a focus on direct experience, critical questions, constructive activities, and stages of cognitive development. This helps students understand and process information better.

Sedayu Village, located in Gemuh District, Kendal Regency, has abundant natural resource potential. The majority of people develop various kinds of plants and trees to be used as business fields, one of which is bamboo. Bamboo as an abundant and easily renewable natural resource has great potential to be developed as a raw material for making environmentally friendly products. In addition to looking at the characteristics of bamboo both physically and mechanically, this bamboo has good quality to be applied as a raw material for crafts such as dustbin. This research aims to explore the potential of bamboo as a raw material for making dustbin in Sedayu Village with a focus on the advantages, manufacturing process and implementation strategy. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design that focuses on getting an overview of local conditions. Meanwhile, data collection is carried out by participatory observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that bamboo has strength and rigidity that exceeds other materials, making it a good structural choice for construction. This research discusses the use of bamboo as a raw material for making dustbin in Sedayu Village. The advantage of bamboo dustbin is its strength. In addition to being able to last a long time outdoors, bamboo also has aesthetic elements, namely its characteristics that are very suitable for rural environments and contain local traditional values that have been passed down from generation to generation.

Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta is one of the historical buildings that has high architectural and historical value. As a Dutch colonial heritage, the building originally functioned as a defense fort in the 18th century before being converted into a museum that documents the history of the Indonesian people's struggle. This research aims to analyze the architectural history of Museum Benteng Vredeburg, including its functional evolution, building design characteristics, and its relevance to the historical context and local culture. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive approach, with data collection techniques in the form of literature study, direct observation, and visual analysis of building architectural elements. The results showed that Fort Vredeburg adopted a European colonial architectural style that was adapted to the tropical conditions of Indonesia, such as sloping roofs, large vents, and the use of local materials. In addition, the transformation of the building's function from a military fort to a museum reflects the changes in the historical and symbolic meanings of the building over time. The research also found that the architectural elements of the building, such as the bastion, the main gate, and the spaces inside the fort, reflect not only the construction technology of the time but also the strategic and symbolic value of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. By changing its function as a museum, Fort Vredeburg now serves as a link between the past and the present, acting as an educational platform as well as preserving historical and architectural values.

Every company is required to plan the need for goods as effectively as possible in order to maximize profits. Bintang Makmur Building Shop is a building shop that provides building materials, especially cement. Cement is one of the basic materials for buildings. The need for cement has recently continued to increase due to the large number of developments, both housing projects and road construction. In addition to the increasing demand for cement, cement prices also experienced price volatility which tended to fluctuate. This is done so that there is no stockpiling or even a shortage of cement. With prices that tend to go up and down if there is too much stock, it will cause losses if there is a price decrease. Vice versa if there is a shortage of cement stock, it can cause disappointment to customers. To deal with the above, it is necessary to build a prediction system that can predict cement needs in prosperous shops. The system that will be built uses an Artificial Neural Network (Artificial Neural Network) which is part of the science of artificial intelligence which has been widely used to solve various kinds of problems related to prediction or forecasting by utilizing the Backpropagation Method. The system is designed with the MATLAB programming application. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that the total demand for Andalas cement for January of the following year is 0.2532 or 2532, thus the predicted total demand for Andalas cement is 2532 sacks.

Work accidents in every construction project are increasing in government projects, so an evaluation of the implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) is needed in companies, particularly those with a construction service budget of less than 15 billion, which are categorised as small companies so that these companies are often ignored in the evaluation of the implementation of the occupational safety and health management system. In addition, each company must provide a conceptual design of the construction safety management system to guide the company when winning the tender. The many challenges and obstacles in the Construction Safety Management System (SMKK) cannot be separated from companies' lack of understanding and desire to implement the occupational safety and health management system, which is the output in every implementation of construction project work. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the company by referring to the construction safety management system design and the results of the occupational safety and health management system implementation that the company has carried out. On the other hand, only a few studies have evaluated using the CIPP method in assessing occupational safety and health management systems based on context, input, process, and product (CIPP). The research method used is a descriptive research design that uses observation, interviews, and structured questionnaires through purposive sampling to take research samples so researchers can better organise research subjects. In addition, the study uses a combination of qualitative research methods equipped with quantitative data to obtain more comprehensive data from the evaluation research on implementing the occupational safety and health management system in companies. Based on the results of the study that were able to be identified by researchers, the problems of companies and workers occurred more due to the lack of commitment to Occupational Health and Safety (K3) and the implementation of the occupational health and safety work culture in construction projects, both commitment from the company and commitment from workers to the occupational health and safety, which will have an impact on the implementation of occupational health and safety in work culture.