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Pragmatics is a branch of semiotic linguistics. Semiotics studies verbal language, symbols, signs, and their meaning in the means of life. Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context and the relationship between language use and its speakers. This article, is more focused on discussing the analysis of speech acts in a video, where the definition of speech acts itself is an individual symptom, psychological in nature, and its continuity is determined by the speaker's language skills in dealing with certain situations and in speech acts that are seen are the meaning or meaning of the actions in the speech. The purpose of this study is to determine the directive and assertive speech acts of Nisa Rostiana on the Kinderflix YouTube channel. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method and pragmatic approach. The research data results from the identification or analysis of Nisa Rostiana's directive and assertive speech acts on the Kinderflix YouTube channel. The data collection technique used is a pragmatic approach in the form of free listening techniques, note-taking techniques, and documentation techniques. The pairing technique was also used to analyze the data. The informal method is used as a data presentation technique in this research. The data presentation is poured into a table containing some assertive and directive utterances and their reasons. The result of the analysis is 94 utterances which include 47 assertive utterances and 47 directive utterances. This research produces some assertive speeches that describe characteristics, state information, and express opinions. This research also produces some directive speeches that build active involvement with invitations, giving direct orders, and giving orders through requests. This study is useful as a guideline in determining assertive and directive illocutionary speech in a video, besides that the author can pay more attention to the differences in assertive and directive illocutionary speech acts.

Physical punishment of children, such as hitting, remains a common practice in education. This study examines the negative impact of physical punishment on learning effectiveness, psychological aspects, and students' academic performance. Research indicates that children who experience physical violence tend to suffer from anxiety, stress, and low motivation to learn, resulting in lower academic achievement. Additionally, physical punishment can lead to emotional disturbances, the development of aggressive behavior, and a decline in social skills. To reduce the practice of physical violence in schools, strategies such as implementing positive discipline, strengthening character education, and increasing awareness among educators and parents about the harmful effects of physical punishment are necessary.

Poverty in Indonesia is a complex problem involving various economic, social, and political factors. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the percentage of the poor population in Indonesia has decreased, but there are still millions of people living below the poverty line, especially in remote areas with higher poverty rates than urban areas. Empowerment of the dhuafa family is a strategic effort to improve the standard of living and welfare of economically disadvantaged community groups. This empowerment program aims to provide access to resources, education, skills training, and business capital. In a social context, the empowerment of the dhuafa family focuses not only on the economic aspect, but also on increasing the social and psychological capacity of individuals. The method used in the empowerment program is carried out in several stages, namely conducting interviews, observations, and documentation. With the efforts of the dhuafa family empowerment program, it is hoped that Indonesia can reduce poverty and improve the overall welfare of the community.

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood that is vulnerable to various psychological problems, such as searching for identity, social problems, academic pressure, and low self-confidence. Self-love or self-love is an important element in building mental health that is often overlooked, especially among adolescents. Based on the author's observations at MAN 2 Surakarta, it was found that students tend not to fully understand the concept of self-love, so they are vulnerable to social pressure, adakemik, and negative emotions. For this reason, this community service activity was carried out with the aim of instilling an understanding of the importance of self-love, recognizing oneself, and improving students' mental health. The implementation method used in this community service activity has three stages, namely: 1). Planning stage, 2). Implementation stage and 3). Evaluation stage. The results of this community service activity show that students begin to understand the importance of self-love as a basis for mental health. In conclusion, cultivating self-love is very important for adolescents to face psychological and social challenges. The application of this concept is expected to provide long-term benefits for students' mental and emotional well-being, as well as encourage their positive contributions in the social environment.

This study looks at the elements of love as they are presented in Jan Hurst’s novel “His Sunrise, My Sunset.” This descriptive qualitative research follows the romance that Jan Hurst had with her husband, whom she had known since they were teenagers. After that, they were blessed with two children and eventually got married, but ultimately, death kept them apart. The researcher used library research techniques on books and journal articles that were pertinent to the theory and the primary data source, which is the novel, in order to obtain information for the study. In addition, the researcher employed descriptive qualitative methodologies to analyze the gathered data. Every piece of data that was collected was examined using Erich Fromm’s 1956 theory. According to Fromm’s idea, “The Art of Loving,” love is an active force that needs knowledge and practice to be maintained. According to Fromm, four elements need to be developed in order to sustain the love you wish to cultivate: care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge. Love is nothing more than an empty emotion that will eventually pass away without these four elements. The study’s findings clearly demonstrate that the foundation of the love shared by the primary characters, Jan Hurst and her husband Steve Hurst, is care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge. In the end, words, sentences, and paragraphs are used to narratively explain each of the study’s findings.

The energy crisis and global warming are driving the importance of energy efficiency in building design. An ideal building not only prioritizes aesthetics and function, but also energy efficiency as well as comfort and safety for its occupants. In Indonesia, the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) plays a role in promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable architectural practices. One popular method for energy efficiency is the use of eggcrate, which is a shading system in the form of lattices that reduces the intensity of sunlight, thereby lowering indoor temperatures and reducing energy use for cooling. The use of heat-reflective glass is also common in energy-efficient building design, because it reflects solar radiation and reduces incoming heat without sacrificing natural light. This reduces the workload of the air conditioning system, thereby increasing energy efficiency. According to Asih (2012), environmental control in buildings is greatly influenced by the use of glass and shading elements. Building façades, including glass areas, play an important role in energy conservation by reducing incoming heat conduction. In addition, glass also influences natural lighting and has positive psychological effects, while maintaining comfort and energy efficiency in buildings.

Community Service through real work lectures is an activity to solve a problem that exists in the village. This study aims to provide education to students at school, one of which is about bullying and the impact of bullying in the school environment. This KKN activity was carried out in Mojosarirejo Village, Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency. Through KKN, students can apply the knowledge and skills they have acquired in college into real practice, thereby improving their abilities and experience. The methods used in this study use observation and interview methods. The results of this study show that children at elementary school level (SD) understand the impact of bullying which can affect the child’s psychological condition as well as their physical condition. And they do not repeat things related to bullying that can harm themselves and others.

This study aims to analyze the impact of academic stress and family social support on students' psychological well-being. The research method used is quantitative, by collecting data through a survey on a sample of students. The results of the data analysis indicate that academic stress (X1) significantly affects students' psychological well-being (Y), while family social support (X2) individually does not have a significant effect. However, when the two factors are combined, there is a significant effect together on students' psychological well-being. The implications of this study are the need for attention to academic stress management and the important role of family social support in improving students' psychological well-being. This study provides a basis for educational institutions to develop holistic intervention programs and provide support not only for academic aspects, but also for students' social and emotional aspects. Further research can explore additional factors that moderate this relationship and involve larger samples for stronger generalization.

An Analysis of the Film "Penyalin Cahaya" in Building Suspense Through Handheld Techniques, focusing on how this technique influences audience perception, enhances emotions, and builds the story's atmosphere through camera movements that follow the characters' perspectives. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes several scenes that utilize handheld techniques to create suspense in "Penyalin Cahaya." The use of handheld techniques to build suspense serves as a foundation for understanding how these techniques provide a unique dynamic through camera movements that enhance realism and tension in the scenes. This study aims to explore how, in "Penyalin Cahaya," handheld techniques are effectively used to portray the complexity of characters' emotions and create an immersive visual experience, thereby increasing audience engagement and strengthening the film's narrative. The results show that "Penyalin Cahaya" successfully creates an immersive suspenseful atmosphere through realistic and emotional handheld techniques, intensifying psychological tension and establishing an intimate connection with the audience.  

Corticosteroid hormones play a vital role in maintaining human homeostasis by regulating energy metabolism and stress responses. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, have specific functions in metabolic processes and electrolyte balance. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during stress responses triggers corticosteroid release, enabling the body to cope with physical and psychological challenges. However, corticosteroid dysregulation can lead to various clinical disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease, impacting metabolism and overall health. Furthermore, while corticosteroids are widely used in treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, prolonged use can cause severe side effects. This article aims to review the mechanisms, physiological roles, pathological impacts, and therapeutic potentials of corticosteroid hormones. The findings highlight the importance of managing these hormones in clinical conditions and the opportunities for developing more targeted and safer therapies.

In initial observations at SMP Negeri 20 Surakarta, various emotional and behavioral problems were found among students, including self-injurious behavior due to emotional stress, such as friendship conflicts and social pressure. This phenomenon highlights the importance of psychosocial interventions to increase awareness of mental health among adolescents. Adolescence, as a critical period of biological, psychological and social development, is vulnerable to internal and external conflicts that can affect mental well-being. Data shows that the prevalence of emotional mental disorders in adolescents is increasing, with risk factors including academic pressure, poor interpersonal relationships, and lack of mental health awareness and support. To overcome this, community service activities in the form of mental health psychoeducation were carried out at SMP Negeri 20 Surakarta. This activity includes training in managing emotions, strengthening interpersonal relationships, and increasing student awareness about the importance of mental health. Results show increased student understanding and awareness, as well as positive impacts on psychological well-being, social skills, and academic achievement. It is hoped that this program will be the first step in supporting adolescent mental health and reducing the risk of psychological disorders in the future.

Health problems in the elderly are increasingly becoming a major concern at global and national levels, along with increasing life expectancy. One of the most common health problems faced by the elderly is musculoskeletal disease, including rheumatism. This study aimed to determine the effect of rheumatic exercise on the ability of elderly individuals to perform daily activities. This study is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design. The results showed that The results of the Wilcoxon rank test were p = 0.000, which was smaller than α = 0.05. This study shows the effect of rheumatic exercise on the ability of the elderly to perform daily activities. This shows that rheumatic exercise is an effective intervention to support the ability of the elderly to face physical and psychological challenges due to aging and chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

This research examines the use of *amtsal* (parables/analogies) in the Quran from an Arabic sociolinguistic perspective. The main focus of the research is to analyze the forms of amtsal, their sociolinguistic functions, and the influence of socio-cultural context in the selection of Quranic amtsal. The research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis through literature study of primary and secondary sources. The research results show that amtsal in the Quran has three main forms: *musharrahah* (explicit), *kaminah* (implicit), and *mursalah* (free). The sociolinguistic functions of amtsal include educational functions in facilitating understanding of abstract concepts, persuasive functions in influencing attitudes and behavior, and communicative functions in bridging divine messages with socio-cultural contexts. The selection of amtsal is heavily influenced by the socio-cultural context of Arab society, including traditions, social conditions, and psychological aspects. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the Quran's communication methods and can serve as a reference in developing contemporary learning and da'wah methods.  

This research examines the use of *amtsal* (parables/analogies) in the Quran from an Arabic sociolinguistic perspective. The main focus of the research is to analyze the forms of amtsal, their sociolinguistic functions, and the influence of socio-cultural context in the selection of Quranic amtsal. The research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis through literature study of primary and secondary sources. The research results show that amtsal in the Quran has three main forms: *musharrahah* (explicit), *kaminah* (implicit), and *mursalah* (free). The sociolinguistic functions of amtsal include educational functions in facilitating understanding of abstract concepts, persuasive functions in influencing attitudes and behavior, and communicative functions in bridging divine messages with socio-cultural contexts. The selection of amtsal is heavily influenced by the socio-cultural context of Arab society, including traditions, social conditions, and psychological aspects. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the Quran's communication methods and can serve as a reference in developing contemporary learning and da'wah methods.  

This study aims to describe the quality of sleep in cigarette addicts, especially among young adults aged 18-24 years. Smoking, which has become a habit for many individuals, can cause dependence, one of which is caused by nicotine which disrupts sleep quality. Based on WHO data (2015), Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest number of smokers in the world, which has an impact on physical and psychological health, including sleep disorders. This research used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods and survey techniques by distributing The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to 12 respondents. The results showed that 100% of respondents experienced poor sleep quality, with the majority experiencing sleep disturbances less than once a week and daytime activity dysfunction more than three times a week. This research confirms the relationship between cigarette addiction and poor sleep quality in young adults. Based on these findings, it is recommended that smokers avoid nicotine before bed, establish a regular sleep schedule, and create a relaxing sleep routine to improve the quality of their sleep.

Self-efficacy is a psychological factor that plays an important role in shaping nurses’ work attitudes and behaviors, including job satisfaction. Nurses’ job satisfaction affects the quality of nursing care and workforce sustainability in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction among nurses at FMC Hospital in 2025. This study employed a quantitative correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of all actively working nurses at FMC Hospital, totaling 83 respondents, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that most nurses had a high level of self-efficacy (98.8%), and all respondents were categorized as satisfied with their jobs. The Spearman Rank correlation test revealed a significant positive relationship with a moderate strength between self-efficacy and job satisfaction (ρ = 0.415; p < 0.001). In conclusion, higher self-efficacy is associated with higher job satisfaction among nurses. Therefore, strengthening nurses’ self-efficacy should be considered an important strategy in hospital human resource management.

This study aims to see the determination of the minimum limit of criminal liability for children in conflict with the law after the emergence of the rape and murder case of a junior high school student in Palembang in August 2024 where the three perpetrators who were under 14 (fourteen) years old were not sentenced but only in the form of actions. This research is a normative legal research that uses a statutory approach and a case approach. The results of this study indicate that when referring to the provisions of international law on children, namely the CRC and its General Comments and the Beijing Rules, the determination of the minimum age of criminal liability for children and the minimum age of children can be punished in national law, namely the SPPA, is appropriate so that there is no need for changes. There are three solutions to dealing with cases of children committing sexual violence in the future that the government can do, namely: Strengthening parental responsibility in supervising digital literacy and strengthening family socio-economics, psychological approaches to children and the importance of sex education

Depression is the most common psychological disorder that occurs in the last years of an individual's life. Elderly depression has an impact, including shortening life expectancy by exacerbating physical deterioration in the elderly, hindering the fulfillment of elderly developmental tasks, decreasing the quality of life of the elderly, draining the emotions and finances of the affected person as well as their families and social support systems. Physiotherapist programs provided to the elderly who are depressed include listening to classical music in English and murottal. For this reason, this community service activity aims to socialize the provision of English classical music therapy and murottal to reduce the rate of depression in the elderly. This community service activity uses the method of practical lectures and questions and answers. The lecture method was carried out by delivering material about depression and English music therapy. After that, the practice of listening to English and Murotal classical music, while the question and answer method was carried out by asking participants about the material that had been presented. Results: The results of this community service activity were obtained that participants were able to understand and apply the material that had been delivered. Conclusion: Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, many of the participants enthusiastically received the entire series of events ranging from material presentations, practice listening to English classical music to question and answer interactions.   

Stres academic impact negative on performance academic , welfare physical and psychological students ( Marfuah , 2021). Symptoms frequent stress​ experienced by students including loss​ energy , pressure blood increased , atmosphere heart stressed , troubled concentration , impatience and nervousness . Students who experience stress tend own poor motivation , lack of productive , less feel safe at school , and more prone to to crime social , such as abuse drugs and violence . Therefore that , is needed a skills For increase ability students​​ in overcome stress academics faced . Previously​ has done Study Regarding the picture of stress in students at school this , and obtained results that more from half students who experience stress , namely as many as 45 people (56.25%). Activities This community service Already held on January 23 , 2025 at Madrasah Aliyah "B' in Mariana district Banyuasin with amount student as many as 80 people in all become target Community service . Students collected in One room namely in the school hall . Activity methods devotion the community used is lecture interactive , discussion ask answer , leaflet distribution and demonstration . The purpose of Devotion public This that is For increase knowledge students and share method stress management . So that activity This beneficial as effort reduce the occurrence stress .

Free Sex is a sexual behavior conducted without commitment and without considering the long-term consequences, which is often experienced by teenagers. High social pressures, lack of understanding about reproductive health, and the influence of social media are the main factors that exacerbate this behavior. Education about the dangers of free sex in teenagers is crucial to reduce the rates of unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and other psychological impacts. This community service activity aims to increase teenagers' understanding and awareness about the dangers of free sex and to instill a healthy lifestyle in maintaining responsible sexual relationships. The method used was counseling through a presentation using PowerPoint media, followed by a question-and-answer session with students from SMP N1 Tumpaan, South Minahasa District. This activity was held on January 4, 2025, with the hope of having a positive impact on teenagers' behavior in maintaining their reproductive health.