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This article examines in depth the relationship between the outward form and the spiritual essence of the Church in the context of contemporary Christianity. The church is not only understood as a physical structure with buildings, organizational systems, and orderly worship, but also as a spiritual community that reflects the love of Christ, the presence of God, and a missiological calling in the world. An imbalance between external aspects and spiritual substance can lead to disorientation of church functions, both in the aspect of service and in the meaning of the faith of the people. Excessive focus on form can make the church spiritually dry, while neglect of order and form can lead to chaos in church life. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this article examines the thoughts of several theological figures such as Miroslav Volf, who emphasizes the church as a reflection of the Trinitarian relationship; Lesslie Newbigin, who offers the perspective of the church as an institution, community of the word, and communion of the Spirit; and Stephen Suleeman, who highlights the role of the church as an agent of social and spiritual transformation in Indonesia. The research also considers contemporary challenges, such as the development of digital technology, shifting social values, and the declining interest of younger generations in formal religious institutions. Therefore, this article emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between the form and essence of the church in order to remain relevant, contextual, and faithful to the faith.

The number of layoffs during Covid-19 due to the presence of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy not only has an impact on the health sector, but also has a wide impact on social and economic coverage, especially in the formal and informal employment sector. One of the main problems that arises is the increasing cases of Termination of Employment (PHK) which causes economic uncertainty for workers and their families. The researcher is encouraged to conduct an in-depth analysis of this condition after the enactment of the Job Creation Law, especially in the perspective of fulfilling the rights of workers affected by the pandemic. This study uses a normative legal research method with a legal legal approach, focusing on the employment aspect. Data was obtained through literature studies which included primary sources in the form of laws and regulations, as well as secondary sources in the form of literature, journals, scientific articles, and relevant court decisions. The results of the study show that there are still differences in implementation in fulfilling the rights of workers who have been laid off during the pandemic. Based on the decisions analyzed, it was found that there are still cases where workers do not get their rights in full, either related to severance pay, service award money, or other compensation money that should be guaranteed by law. These findings indicate that the role of judges in deciding layoff cases is very important to ensure maximum justice and protection for workers. Therefore, the author recommends that judges in deciding cases related to layoffs be guided by the principles of labor law, the principles of social justice, and applicable laws and regulations.

This article aims to find out and understand about julid from a hadith perspective. Julid is an expression that has the meaning of being jealous of the success or enjoyment of other people. In slang, it is called julid, which is done by someone on social media by making comments, statuses or opinions that corner certain people. Meanwhile, this behavior is strictly prohibited by Islamic teachings. Therefore, the author will discuss julid in a hadith perspective. ThisLibrary research is a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading, recording, and processing research materials.

This study aims to analyze the discourse framing of Kompas.com news texts related to the hashtag “Kabur Aja Dulu”, which was published in the period 17 February - 17 March 2025. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with Teun A. Van Dijk analysis model. The research data was obtained through digital documentation of Kompas.com articles using the hashtag “Kabur Aja Dulu”, then analyzed through three main stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis was conducted systematically using Van Dijk's structural framework which includes three levels of analysis: macro structure, superstructure, and microstructure. The analysis shows that Kompas.com tends to use language and interview techniques that reflect the government's perspective, with complex discourse framing patterns that reflect power dynamics in news production. Through the analysis of Van Dijk's model, it can be seen that the media uses various linguistic and structural strategies to build a narrative that is in line with the government's perspective, including the use of formal language, structured interview techniques, and the construction of a strong narrative about the urgency of handling the phenomenon. Overall, this study reveals how the mass media play an important role in the social construction of reality through the way they frame and convey information to the public.

 A brand is one of the most valuable intellectual assets in the business sector, serving not only as a product identity but also as a reflection of reputation and quality. However, the increasing phenomenon of brand infringement indicates the urgent need for stronger and more effective legal protection. Brand infringement brings various negative consequences, including loss of consumer trust, unfair competition, and significant financial losses for brand owners. This study aims to analyze brand infringement from a criminological perspective, identify causal factors, and evaluate the role of law in addressing such violations. The research employs normative legal methods through analysis of statutory regulations, legal and criminological theories, and a literature-based approach using secondary data obtained from books, journals, and legal documents. The findings reveal that criminology provides relevant insights through theories such as Rational Choice Theory, which explains that perpetrators calculate the risks and benefits before committing the violation, and Anomie Strain Theory, which highlights how the inability to achieve economic or social goals legally can drive individuals or groups to commit brand infringement. The classification of violations includes imitation, counterfeiting, misuse, and unlawful exploitation of brand rights. Several causal factors were identified, including weak legal supervision, limited enforcement, and the high consumer demand for cheaper counterfeit products. Furthermore, the study underlines the essential role of the criminal justice system in addressing brand infringement through the enforcement of criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions as regulated under Law Number 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications. In conclusion, brand infringement is not merely a legal issue but also a criminological problem that requires comprehensive handling through effective law enforcement, stronger supervision, and increased public awareness to protect intellectual property and ensure fair business practices.

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (“OIC”) seeks to enhance economic collaboration between its member states, as outlined in the OIC Charter. Its key efforts is the Agreement for Promotion, Protection and Guarantee of Investments among OIC Member States (“OIC Investment Agreement”), which provides safeguards for cross-border investments and outlines procedures for resolving disputes between investor-states. Article 17 of the Agreement allows for dispute resolution through conciliation or arbitration. However, the lack of a dedicated dispute resolution body and clear procedural mechanisms has led to uncertainty and differing interpretations, weakening its effectiveness. This article explores the OIC’s role in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) under the Investment Agreement. It highlights the need for a more structured and permanent mechanism to ensure fair and consistent resolution of ISDS cases, in alignment with the objectives of the OIC Charter.

The rapid development of information technology has had a significant impact on the pattern of collecting, processing, and storing personal data in the digital era. However, this progress is also accompanied by an increasing threat of cybercrime, one of which is phishing attacks. Phishing is a digital fraud mode that aims to obtain personal data illegally through social engineering and manipulation of electronic systems. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for phishing victims in the perspective of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (UU PDP). Using normative legal methods and conceptual approaches, this study examines the role of state authorities such as the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN) and the Directorate of Cyber Crime (Dittipidsiber) of the National Police Criminal Investigation Unit in the procedures for handling and prosecuting phishing. The results of the study show that although the PDP Law has provided a clear legal framework, its implementation still faces challenges in technical aspects, institutional coordination, and public digital literacy. Therefore, strong synergy is needed between regulation, supervision, and public education to realize effective and sustainable personal data protection in the digital era.

Human Rights (HAM) are a universal concept that guarantees the freedom and dignity of every individual. From a Western perspective, human rights emerged from a long historical experience marked by oppression, absolutism, and the struggle for individual freedom, thereby emphasizing secular, rational, and individualistic aspects. Meanwhile, in the Islamic perspective, human rights are not only rational and social in nature but also theological, as they originate from divine revelation and are part of human nature (fitrah). Islam views human rights as fundamental rights granted by Allah SWT to all of humanity, which must be respected and protected, with an emphasis on the balance between rights and obligations, as well as between individual freedom and the interests of society. One of the fundamental differences between the two is that human rights in Islam are theocentric, based on the revealed teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith. In contrast, Western-secular human rights are anthropocentric, founded upon philosophical thought as their main foundation.

This consider points to assess the affect of brand image on customer obtaining behavior in a computerized setting by joining quantitative strategies and counterfeit insights (AI)-based opinion examination. Essential information collection was conducted through an internet overview of 212 respondents matured 21–35 a long time who routinely make online buys, whereas auxiliary information was gotten from 5,000 customer comments on social media and e-commerce destinations. The comes about of the relapse examination appeared that brand image components such as believe (β = 0.37), seen quality (β = 0.31), and passionate association (β = 0.28) have a critical impact on buy purposeful (R² = 0.62, p < 0.01). The discoveries from the estimation investigation appeared that 72% of customer suppositions were positive, supporting the quantitative comes about and underlining the significance of the enthusiastic viewpoint in acquiring choices. This think about contributes to the advancement of hypothesis by combining essential and auxiliary information analyzed utilizing AI innovation, and emphasizing the significance of computerized notoriety and enthusiastic perspectives in forming brand quality. The comes about of this ponder open up unused points of view in creating data-based promoting procedures within the computerized period.

The This study examines the debate surrounding the first created being in Islamic cosmology, where various opinions exist. Some argue that the first creation was the Pen (al-Qalam), while others claim it was the Throne (‘Arsh), the air, or the Light of Muhammad (Nur Muhammad). The main issue addressed is the limited and fragmented information found in classical hadith sources regarding the sequence and nature of the initial creation. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative approach by analyzing the chapter Bad’ al-Khalq (The Beginning of Creation) in key hadith collections. The findings show that although some hadiths mention early creations such as the characteristics of heaven and hell, the seven layers of the earth, and angels, detailed and systematic narratives about the order of the first created beings remain scarce. Various views on who or what was created first appear in the literature, ranging from al-Qalam and ‘Arsh to Nur Muhammad, but no absolute consensus has been reached. This study aims to fill that gap by compiling and analyzing relevant hadiths to provide a more focused and in-depth perspective on the first created being and the sequence of creation. Additionally, this research emphasizes the theological and cosmological significance of these beings and their implications for understanding the structure and purpose of the universe. It is hoped that the results of this study will enrich the body of Islamic scholarship and encourage deeper reflection on the orderliness and existence of Allah’s creation.

The RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create) learning model is an innovative approach that aims to improve students' critical thinking skills in elementary schools. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of implementing the RADEC model in the context of elementary school learning and its impact on the development of students' critical thinking skills. The RADEC approach emphasizes active student involvement through five main stages: reading to build initial understanding, answering questions to test reasoning power, discussing to broaden perspectives, re-explaining concepts to deepen understanding, and creating products or solutions as a concrete manifestation of the critical thinking process. This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design and involved fifth grade students in a public elementary school. The instruments used were critical thinking tests and student activity observation sheets. The results showed that the implementation of the RADEC model significantly increased students' critical thinking skill scores compared to conventional learning models. In addition, students showed higher enthusiasm and learning independence during the learning process. These findings indicate that the RADEC model is not only able to build a stronger understanding of concepts but also encourages students to actively analyze, evaluate, and create ideas. Therefore, the RADEC model is recommended as an effective alternative learning strategy to improve the quality of learning and critical thinking skills of students at the elementary school level.

Education plays a fundamental role as the primary foundation for shaping character, personality, and mastery of knowledge. From an Islamic perspective, the position of teachers is crucial, as they are not merely instructors but also serve as moral, spiritual, and social guides for students. This study aims to explain the uniqueness of teachers from an Islamic perspective by highlighting their status, role, and relevance in contemporary education. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative with a literature review, conducted through a review of relevant literature. The findings indicate that teachers are viewed as respected figures and agents of change responsible for instilling values ​​of faith, knowledge, and noble morals in future generations. However, current reality shows that respect for teachers is often declining, as this profession is often viewed as merely a formal job without considering the inherent noble values. Therefore, this study emphasizes the urgency of renewing public understanding regarding the uniqueness of teachers from an Islamic perspective, so that their strategic position and role are maintained. The recommendations from this study invite all elements, including society, students, and policy makers, to increase respect for teachers, while teachers themselves are expected to continue to improve their professional competence, provide real examples, and serve with full sincerity for the sake of realizing a generation that is intelligent, knowledgeable, faithful, and has good morals in accordance with Islamic guidance.

Mount Batur's jeep tourism has recently become one of the most in-demand natural tourism activities in Bali. However, behind its popularity, there is a lack of understanding regarding the management pattern and collaborative mechanisms among local actors. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of community-based tourism governance in Batur jeep tourism through a qualitative descriptive method using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research finds that while the community plays a central role in operations, there is still a semi-formal governance structure with limited documentation and control mechanisms. From the perspective of the POAC management approach, the practices excel in execution (actuating) but are weak in planning and controlling. In terms of visitor experience, the tourism product already incorporates entertainment and escapism dimensions but lacks strong educational and aesthetic components. The study concludes that the jeep tourism in Batur has succeeded in mobilizing local resources and building an economic movement, yet it requires the strengthening of management structures, storytelling-based education, and environmentally sound standard operating procedures (SOPs). These steps are essential to ensure sustainability and long-term tourist satisfaction.

The development of the Islamic financial industry in Indonesia has shown significant growth, both in terms of institutions, products, and public participation. However, public doubts remain regarding the level of Sharia compliance of these financial products. Halal certification is a crucial instrument for ensuring that a financial product truly complies with Sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the urgency of halal certification for Islamic financial products and its implications for consumer trust from a Sharia economic law perspective. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-juridical approach through a literature review of laws and regulations, fatwas from the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and previous research findings. The results indicate that halal certification for Islamic financial products plays a strategic role in increasing transparency, accountability, and public trust. However, there is regulatory overlap between Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance and the provisions of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Therefore, harmonization of regulations and strengthening oversight by the Sharia Supervisory Board are crucial steps in ensuring the integrity of the Islamic financial system.

This study explores the Islamic perspective on Human Rights (HR) through a qualitative approach based on literature review. It emphasizes that the principles of human rights are not foreign to Islamic teachings, but are inherently embedded in the values of Sharia derived from the Qur'an and Hadith. Islam upholds justice, freedom of religion, equality, the right to life, and social and economic welfare. The article also examines contemporary challenges faced by Muslim societies in implementing human rights, such as gender inequality, restrictions on religious freedom, and the marginalization of vulnerable groups, including the LGBT community. The findings reveal that the tensions between Islamic principles and international human rights standards often stem from differing normative foundations and interpretations of individual freedom. Therefore, a contextual reinterpretation (ijtihad) is necessary to ensure that Islamic values remain relevant and responsive to modern global challenges. The study concludes that, when applied wisely and aligned with universal humanitarian values, Islamic teachings hold significant potential to contribute to the development of a just, inclusive, and dignified society.

This community service program aims to introduce and implement a hydroponic farming system as an alternative effective planting medium to improve the economic welfare of the community in RT 19, Bumiayu Village, Bengkulu City. This activity is motivated by the limited agricultural land in urban areas and the minimal use of narrow spaces for productive activities. The methods used include counseling, training, and direct practice of hydroponic cultivation by utilizing used goods such as plastic bottles. The results of the activity showed that the community was very enthusiastic in participating in the training and were able to apply basic hydroponic techniques independently. From an Islamic economic perspective, this activity reflects the values ​​of justice, welfare, and empowerment, where the community is not only given knowledge, but also guided to become more economically independent. Hydroponics has proven to be an alternative to modern agriculture that can increase productivity and empower the community in a sustainable manner.

Language plays a crucial role in human daily activities. In using language, people cannot avoid using various language varieties that reflect the context and social background of the speakers. Therefore, the importance of sociolinguistic studies has a major influence in recognizing language variations that emerge in communication, especially in the digital space. This study aims to examine the language variations used in comments on the Instagram account of Nur Rofiah, a public figure who is known to be active in voicing gender justice issues from an Islamic perspective. This study uses a sociolinguistic approach to identify forms of language variation and the social factors that influence them. Data were collected through documentation methods on comments on a number of Nur Rofiah's uploads that were considered representative. The results of the study show that there are various language variations, including variations based on dialect, level of formality, use of mixed language (code-mixing), and emotive varieties that reflect the identity and social background of the user. In addition, it was found that factors such as age, gender, educational background, and ideological orientation also influence language choices in digital interactions. These findings indicate that social media is not only a communication space, but also an arena for expressing people's social and ideological identities.

Immigration has become a central issue in U.S. national security policy, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. The discourse around immigration is increasing, especially in the context of national security policy, which leads to the securitization of immigration. This process constructs immigration as a security threat, which justifies a strict political and policy response. In former President Obama's perspective, U.S. immigration policy has been focused on national security since the beginning of his presidency. This emphasis is manifested through increased border surveillance and inclusive and humane immigration law enforcement through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Instead, Donald Trump's administration adopted a more secure approach, focusing on border security and immigration restrictions, including a controversial border wall and travel ban. This shift reflects a broader shift in U.S. domestic politics and global perceptions. Understanding these differences provides insight into how immigration policy impacts U.S. national and public security.

Profit sharing or known as profit sharing. This was done at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. In this country, we also often share profits, some with mudhorabah, musyarakah and other systems. To carry out profit sharing, several things are needed in order to get the benefits, firstly justice and honesty, secondly to avoid fraud, thirdly to avoid usury. This research uses a thematic method with regional coverage, the thematic method is in the following way; determine the theme, namely Profit Sharing in a Hadith Perspective, collect data on themes related to the title, provide a final code, analyze the data in the final code then describe the results of the data in the form of an outline. The sources of this data are primary and secondary data. The primary is dancing hadith from several diqital hadith such as Makabah Syamilah, sunnah.com and others. while the secondary is through literature. Profit Sharing is the sharing of profits from profits from companies, agriculture and others. In carrying out Profit Sharing, it requires people who have capital and people who manage it, and both of them must have an agreement, the results of the business they do will be calculated for sharing the results. Profit sharing has several types, namely: mudharabah, musyarakah, muzara'ah and musaqah and Profit sharing also has rules that we must pay attention to, namely; contracts, capital, sharing of results honestly and goods or funds to be managed must be clear.

This study explores the relationship between prayer and inner peace from the perspective of religious psychology. Prayer is not only seen as a ritualistic act of worship but also as a spiritual coping mechanism that positively impacts psychological well-being. This research employs a literature review method by analyzing various relevant sources. The findings indicate that prayer plays a significant role in reducing stress, strengthening inner resilience, and fostering a sense of peace. A positive correlation is found between prayer frequency and the level of inner calmness, particularly among university students and the elderly. The study suggests that prayer can be utilized as a spiritual approach to support mental health, especially amid the challenges of modern life.