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Stunting remains a significant nutritional issue because it can impact a child's long-term growth and development. A history of low birth weight (LBW) is suspected to play a role, reflecting the condition of fetal growth during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between a history of LBW and the incidence of stunting in children aged 2–5 years at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center in Semarang in 2025. This study used an analytical design with a case-control approach. The study sample consisted of 203 toddlers selected using consecutive sampling. Data were obtained from the KIA book and height measurements based on WHO standards. Analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio (OR) calculation. The proportion of LBW was 10.8% and stunting was 31.0%. There was a significant relationship between a history of LBW and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.012). Toddlers with a history of LBW had approximately a threefold greater risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers born with normal weight (OR = 3.059). There is a relationship between a history of low LBW and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 2-5 years at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang in 2025.

This study aims to examine the role of the Merah Putih Village Cooperative (KDMP) in strengthening the village economy, using the lens of good governance and social capital. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, referring to academic journals, books, and government policy documents as sources of information. The research shows that KDMP plays a significant role in improving the welfare of village communities by strengthening productive businesses, expanding access to capital, creating job opportunities, and developing local economic potential. The application of good governance principles such as transparency, accountability, and community participation is a crucial factor in the successful management of the cooperative. In addition, social capital such as mutual assistance, trust, and community collaboration also contribute to the sustainability of the village cooperative. However, the implementation of KDMP still has a number of challenges, including a shortage of human resources, limited cooperative management, and low digital literacy. Therefore, government support and capacity building of cooperative managers are crucial for KDMP to function as a tool for sustainable village economic development

Exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial step in improving infant health, yet it remains under-practiced in Indonesia. This is primarily due to a lack of knowledge and positive attitudes among mothers. Health education using leaflets has become a popular strategy in community-based nursing due to its simplicity and ease of understanding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of leaflets in improving maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria for intervention studies using information leaflets with pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women. Twenty original articles meeting these criteria were analyzed. The results showed that most studies found a significant increase in maternal knowledge after distribution of information leaflets (p < 0.005). Furthermore, improvements in attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding were observed, although practices varied. Many studies have shown that audiovisual materials are more effective than leaflets, although leaflets are easier to use and distribute. Factors such as social support and infrastructure influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This study concluded that leaflets were effective in improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward exclusive breastfeeding and remained valuable inhome care, especially when combined with other educational methods

This study aims to examine the influence of trust on the perception of transaction security in the use of online shopping applications among millennials. The development of digital technology and the increasing use of online shopping applications have influenced how users assess security risks, personal data protection, and the reliability of transaction systems. This study employs a literature review method by examining relevant previous studies on trust, transaction security, digital risk, and user experience in online shopping. The findings indicate that user trust plays an important role in shaping perceptions of transaction security. Such trust is influenced by the platform’s ability to protect personal data, provide secure payment systems, and ensure smooth transaction processes. The higher the level of user trust in system security, the greater their tendency to use online shopping applications for transactions. Therefore, trust and transaction security are important factors in increasing millennials’ interest and comfort in online shopping.

This study was motivated by the fact that students still experience difficulties in understanding Nahwu and Shorof despite studying both sciences in Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of Arabic language, Nahwu, and Shorof teachers regarding the importance of Nahwu and Shorof in Arabic language learning, their understanding of the concepts and applications, and the effectiveness of learning implementation at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hidayah East Tanjung Jabung. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings revealed that teachers considered Nahwu and Shorof as the fundamental basis of Arabic language learning because these sciences regulate sentence structures, word transformations, and meanings in Arabic texts. Teachers believed that mastery of Nahwu and Shorof is essential for understanding the Qur’an, hadith, and classical Islamic books. The learning process was considered fairly effective since many students already had prior knowledge from pesantren education and showed progress during the learning process. However, the effectiveness of learning still faced several obstacles, including low student motivation, differences in students’ basic abilities, limited learning time, and the complexity of the material. This study concludes that improving the quality of Nahwu and Shorof learning requires more varied teaching methods, continuous motivation, regular material reinforcement, and stronger institutional support.

Hypertension is a global health problem that requires ongoing management, one of which is through a low-salt diet. However, many people with hypertension do not adhere to this diet due to a lack of information and understanding of the disease's risks. The Health Belief Model (HBM) can be utilized as a health education method to encourage hypertension management behavior using leaflets. This study aims to analyze the application of the HBM theory in the use of leaflets to increase knowledge about a low-salt diet among hypertensive patients in the community. The method used in this study was a literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines through the steps of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and selection of articles until 16 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The results of this study indicate that leaflets are effective in increasing knowledge about a low-salt diet, adherence to health behaviors, and blood pressure control for people with hypertension. The components of the HBM, such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, play a role in shaping risk perceptions and encouraging changes in health behavior. Therefore, leaflets based on HBM are highly recommended as a form of promotional and preventive intervention in nursing practice in the community because they are easy to use, low cost, and support self-management of hypertension.

The development of fine motor skills and collaborative character is an essential foundation during the golden age period to support children’s academic readiness and social development. However, learning stimulation at Tamalate State Kindergarten is still largely dominated by conventional methods that lack variety and interactive activities. This community service program aims to implement constructive Straw Connectorsmedia as an innovative learning solution to stimulate children’s fine motor skills and cooperative character. The implementation methods included teacher workshops, classroom application with students through collaborative constructive play activities, and evaluation of learning achievements. The findings revealed a significant improvement in children’s fine motor skills, with the average score increasing from 1.67 in the Pre-Test to 3.27 in the Post-Test. Furthermore, 60% of the children achieved the Very Well Developed (BSB) category in collaborative character development. Through the use of Straw Connectorsmedia, students were able to create complex architectural products such as construction bridges and windmills. The study concludes that Straw Connectorsmedia is effective in improving visual-motor coordination, creativity, and collaborative skills while fostering social empathy through interdependent interaction among children during the learning process.

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational communication in improving organizational performance using a systematic literature review approach with a descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained from various relevant scientific literature sources, including national journals and academic articles discussing organizational communication and performance. The results indicate that organizational communication plays a significant role in enhancing performance through effective vertical and horizontal communication patterns, clarity of information flow, and improved work coordination. In addition, organizational communication contributes to building harmonious working relationships, increasing motivation, and strengthening organizational commitment. Leadership plays a crucial role in managing communication effectiveness within the organization. However, communication effectiveness is also influenced by supporting and inhibiting factors, such as work environment, communication skills, and differences in individual perceptions. Therefore, organizations need to manage communication strategically to achieve optimal performance. This study provides theoretical contributions to the development of organizational communication studies and practical implications for organizations in improving communication effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze natural resource management strategies within the framework of sustainable development administration in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach and policy analysis methods, the research evaluates existing regulations, institutional capacities, and the effectiveness of policy implementation in ensuring resource sustainability. The study examines a range of policy instruments, from sectoral regulations and decentralization mechanisms to community-based programs. Findings reveal that regulatory fragmentation, weak inter-agency coordination, limited local government capacity, and suboptimal governance practices constitute the primary challenges to sustainable natural resource management. The research affirms that an integrated and collaborative approach encompassing ecological, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. Policy recommendations include regulatory reform, institutional strengthening, indigenous community empowerment, development of integrated monitoring systems, and mainstreaming sustainability principles throughout the national and regional development planning cycles.

Organizational psychology plays an important role in understanding individual and group behavior within organizations, particularly in educational contexts. Its application can help improve the effectiveness of educational institution management by strengthening key aspects such as work motivation, leadership, communication, and a conducive work environment. By understanding these aspects, educational organizations can develop more effective work systems, enhance the performance of educators, and create a positive and productive organizational culture. However, research on organizational psychology in educational settings remains fragmented and often focuses on specific variables separately. This limits a comprehensive understanding of how these factors interact to influence overall organizational performance. Therefore, a more integrative and comprehensive review is needed to synthesize previous findings. This study aims to review and synthesize existing literature on organizational psychology in educational organizations, with a particular focus on the roles of motivation, leadership, and work environment in improving organizational effectiveness. The findings are expected to provide a more holistic understanding and serve as a basis for developing strategies to enhance the performance of educational organizations in the future.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for improving maternal and infant health, yet its success remains inconsistent, influenced by psychological factors such as breastfeeding self-efficacy. Mothers with high confidence are more likely to maintain exclusive breastfeeding despite physical and emotional challenges postpartum. Limited evidence exists regarding this relationship at the community level. Objective: This study analyzed the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and successful exclusive breastfeeding among postpartum mothers. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in Sliyeg Village, the working area of Puskesmas Sliyeg, Indramayu, in March 2026. The population included postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months. A total of 68 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) and an observation sheet for exclusive breastfeeding success. The Chi-Square test was used for analysis with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Most respondents had high breastfeeding self-efficacy (61.8%) and successfully practiced exclusive breastfeeding (66.2%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding success (p=0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is significantly associated with the success of exclusive breastfeeding among postpartum mothers. Enhancing lactation education, family support, and counseling is recommended to strengthen maternal confidence and promote successful exclusive breastfeeding practices.  

The phenomenon of tourist destinations experiencing a decline in popularity after a viral phase (post-viral stagnation) poses significant challenges to the sustainability of urban tourism. This study aims to test a structural model for destination reactivation in Kampung Pelangi, Semarang, focusing on the role of digital transformation in strengthening destination resilience through the mediation of competitive advantage. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 150 respondents and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). The results of the hypothesis testing indicate that digital transformation has a positive and significant influence on competitive advantage (β = 0.495; t = 5.820; p < 0.001) and destination resilience (β = 0.312; t = 3.450; p < 0.001). Furthermore, competitive advantage was found to have a strong impact on resilience (β = 0.542; t = 7.115; p < 0.001). A mediation test demonstrated that competitive advantage significantly mediated the relationship between digital transformation and resilience (β = 0.268; t = 4.890; p < 0.001). This model demonstrated a predictive power of 61.2% (R2 = 0.612) for destination resilience. This finding emphasizes that post-pandemic destination reactivation requires the integration of digital capabilities that can restore differentiation and unique value propositions to achieve long-term resilience.

Typhoid fever remains a significant diagnostic challenge, particularly regarding the interpretation of Widal test results which are often affected by antibody persistence. This study aims to analyze the variations in Widal antibody titers among students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, focusing on the time interval since their last confirmed infection. Using a cross-sectional design, serum samples from 24 students were analyzed through the semi-quantitative slide agglutination technique to detect Salmonella typhi O and H agglutinins. The findings indicated that anti-Salmonella O titers could persist up to 1:320 in individuals with an infection history of more than one year. In contrast, anti-Salmonella H was only identified in more recent infections (less than a year) with a lower titer of 1:80, and was undetectable in samples from infections exceeding one year. These results demonstrate that O antigens remain detectable in the blood significantly longer than H antigens. This study suggests that the duration since the last infection is a critical factor in the screening and validation of Widal test results. Accurate identification of these titer variations is essential for clinical laboratory technologists to provide more precise diagnostic data and support effective clinical management.

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases globally. According to the WHO in 2022, ARIs contributed to nearly 14% of under-five deaths worldwide. Smoking, the leading preventable cause of death, was linked to 1.3 million deaths in 2023 due to secondhand smoke exposure, with nearly 1.2 million (about 90%) occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Knowledge significantly influences behavior, as individuals with better understanding are more likely to take appropriate preventive actions This study aims to identify the relationship between parental knowledge of smoking and the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in toddlers in the Gunungsari Cirebon Health Center area. A quantitative cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A non-probability sampling technique, specifically quota sampling, was used to obtain a sample of 57 participants. Spearman’s rank correlation test was applied for statistical analysis. The results showed that the majority of parents had a moderate level of knowledge about smoking (61.4%). The p-value (2-tailed) was 0.091, indicating that there was no significant relationship between parental knowledge of smoking and the incidence of ARIs in toddlers. In conclusion, parental knowledge of smoking was not significantly associated with ARI occurrence in toddlers in the Gunungsari Cirebon Health Center area.

Market levies are a regional taxation category that holds significant promise for increasing regional fiscal resources, complementing local tax revenues. The objectives of this study are; (1) Understanding the Communication Mechanism in the Implementation of Market Service Fee Policy in Gorontalo City. (2) Examination of Resource Availability in the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy in Gorontalo. (3) Understanding the Bureaucratic Framework in the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy in Gorontalo City. (4) Examination of the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy Disposition in Gorontalo City. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that the communication of market service fee policy has been carried out through systematic formal channels and is supported by a clear bureaucratic structure and division of tasks, but its implementation is still not optimal. This is caused by several obstacles, including unequal understanding and distribution of information among traders, limited resources in terms of both quantity and quality of human resources, budget, and inadequate market facilities. Furthermore, weak coordination and suboptimal implementation of SOPs in the field also impact work consistency, while the disposition or attitude of implementers who have demonstrated commitment but are not yet unified requires a more comprehensive strategic approach. Therefore, integrated efforts are needed, including improving the communication framework, strengthening human resource capacity, improving facilities, stricter supervision, and ongoing coaching to create more effective and professional policy implementation.

This study aims to analyze the education of children with special physical needs, particularly children with speech impairment, at TK Harsya Ceria Banda Aceh. The study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to describe the learning process, fulfillment of physical needs, teacher assistance, family support, and obstacles faced in inclusive education. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving school principals, teachers, parents, and children with speech impairment. The results showed that TK Harsya Ceria has implemented inclusive education by providing equal learning opportunities for children with special needs alongside regular students. Teachers use visual media, body language, educational games, and individual assistance to support children’s communication and learning processes. Family support also plays an important role in developing children’s independence, communication skills, and social interaction. However, several obstacles were found, including communication barriers, limited facilities, lack of special assistants, and high therapy costs. Therefore, collaboration between schools, families, health workers, and the government is needed to support the optimal development of children with speech impairment in inclusive education environments.

Background: The prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (SEZ) of pregnant women nationally is still 16.9%, and anemia reaches 27.7%, so the development of local food-based Supplementary Feeding (PMT) is needed. Brownies with the substitution of red spinach as a source of iron and purple sweet potato flour as an energy source have the potential to be developed as an alternative to PMT. This study aims to determine the acceptability and nutritional content of red spinach brownies with the addition of purple sweet potato flour as an interlude food for pregnant women. Method: Design using the Complete Random Design (RAL) method. The formulation of making brownies consists of three treatments with a comparison between (red spinach pureee and purple sweet potato flour) as follows: F1 (50:50), F2 (60:40), and F3 (40:60). The acceptance test was conducted using a hedonic test of color, aroma, taste, and texture on 30 semi-trained panelists. Analysis of nutritional content includes moisture content (thermogravimetry), ash content (dry ashing), protein (Kjeldahl), fat (Soxhlet), carbohydrates (by difference), and Fe (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Research Results: The acceptability test showed that there was no significant difference between the formulations. The F3 formulation with a ratio of 40% red spinach pureee and 60% purple sweet potato flour obtained the highest preference value and was determined as the best formulation. The nutritional content of the F3 formulation includes protein 10.447%, fat 8.047%, carbohydrates 1.5579%, Fe 0.0005%, moisture content 20.68%, and ash content 1.4875%. Conclusion: There was no significant effect of each formulation on the acceptability of Brownis Suggestion: It is hoped that the next researcher can improve product formulation and processing processes to maintain and increase iron (Fe) levels in brownies.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning Strategy (PBLS) in Arabic language learning for eighth-grade students at MTs Negeri 4 East Tanjung Jabung, as well as identify supporting factors, inhibiting factors, and efforts to overcome those obstacles. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The research subjects included the principal, Arabic language teacher, and eighth-grade students. The findings revealed that PBLS was implemented through stages of problem presentation, information identification, group discussion, presentation, and evaluation. This strategy improved students’ active participation, critical thinking skills, communication abilities, and understanding of Arabic learning materials. Supporting factors included teacher professionalism, adequate facilities and infrastructure, and support from the school environment. Inhibiting factors included students’ low reading interest, limited instructional time, and differences in students’ characteristics and abilities. Efforts to overcome these obstacles involved providing motivation, forming heterogeneous groups, effective time management, and utilizing simple and engaging learning media. Therefore, PBLS is considered effective in Arabic language learning because it enhances both the learning process and student learning outcomes.

Social media platforms like TikTok have been utilized as a means of information dissemination and digital promotion due to their ability to reach a broad, interactive audience. However, the adoption rate of technology, particularly TikTok, among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Jambi City is low. This condition is influenced by limited digital literacy, lack of understanding of technology benefits, and low readiness to utilize available features. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors influencing the decision to adopt TikTok by MSMEs in Jambi City by applying the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method, analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0, and involving 100 MSME respondents in Jambi City. The results showed that of the three hypotheses tested, one was accepted, namely organizational factors have a positive and significant effect on TikTok adoption. In contrast, the other two hypotheses were rejected, namely technological and environmental factors do not show significant influence on the decision to adopt TikTok. These findings suggest that internal factors, such as organizational readiness and support from business owners, are the main drivers of TikTok adoption by MSMEs compared to external factors.

Zakat and taxation are two important instruments in the life of society and the state, both of which aim to improve social welfare. However, in practice, the integration of zakat and taxation in Indonesia has not yet been fully realised, meaning that the potential of zakat as part of fiscal policy has not been optimally utilised. This study aims to examine the status of zakat within the legal system and public policy, the form of its integration into the tax system, and the various obstacles encountered in its implementation. This study employs a normative legal methodology using legislative, conceptual, and analytical approaches, and utilises secondary data analysed qualitatively. The research findings indicate that zakat has been recognised within the national legal system; however, it is still viewed as a religious obligation that coexists alongside taxation as a state obligation. The current integration remains limited to reductions in taxable income and has not yet demonstrated comprehensive coherence within fiscal policy. Furthermore, its implementation continues to face various obstacles from legal, institutional, technical, and fiscal perspectives, meaning it has not yet been effectively implemented.