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Business planning and business development are crucial steps to maintain business continuity and progress in a highly competitive market environment. Business planning refers to the systematic formulation of strategies to achieve a company's long-term growth goals. This includes identifying opportunities and challenges in the market, designing strategies for marketing and sales, human resource development, and innovation and technology analysis, and environmental sustainability management. The purpose of this planning is to produce clear and organized guidelines so that the company can achieve its long-term vision and objectives. The methodology used in this study is qualitative descriptive which aims to describe the phenomena surrounding business planning and development. This planning process is also important for detecting risks, improving operational efficiency, and ensuring business continuity in the future. 

This study aims to systematically review the application of sensitivity analysis in operational decision-making based on linear programming. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), analyzing scientific articles published between 2018 and 2024 from databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. The review focuses on how sensitivity analysis is employed to evaluate the stability of linear programming solutions in the face of parameter changes, such as objective function coefficients, constraint bounds, and resource availability. The results indicate that local sensitivity analysis approaches are the most commonly used due to their simplicity and ease of interpretation. However, they fall short in capturing parameter interactions and complex uncertainty. Therefore, recent studies have started to explore global sensitivity methods, such as Morris and Sobol techniques, as well as geometric visualization approaches to provide a more holistic understanding. This study recommends integrating both local and global approaches and utilizing computational tools to enhance the robustness of operational decisions. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for more adaptive, efficient, and resilient decision-making under uncertainty.

This study aims to analyze the operational conditions of the raw material warehouse at PT Nutrition And Special Foods Division and evaluate the potential implementation of an Internet of things (IoT)-based warehouse management system (WMS) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of warehouse management. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, including field observations and interviews with several operators and warehouse staff. The findings indicate that the currently used manual system causes various obstacles, such as input errors, slow picking processes, and limited stock tracking capabilities. A simulation of WMS implementation using RFID and barcode technology showed significant improvements, including approximately 40% increase in picking  efficiency, around 90% improvement in stock recording accuracy, and a reduction of input errors by up to 85%. The application of this technology also supports real-time tracking using FIFO/FEFO methods and enhances visibility and decision-making in logistics operations. Thus, the integration of RFID, barcode, and QR code in WMS proves effective in transforming warehouse management into a faster, more accurate, and responsive system aligned with supply chain dynamics.

Unbalanced transportation is one of the main challenges in logistics that can affect efficiency and operational costs. The imbalance between supply and demand can cause high transportation costs, delays in delivery, and decreased product quality. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and develop solutions to overcome the challenges of unbalanced transportation and improve logistics efficiency. This study aims to identify the challenges and solutions of unbalanced transportation towards logistics efficiency. This study is expected to contribute to the development of unbalanced transportation solutions and improve logistics efficiency.  

This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) focusing on the application of the Branch and Bound (B&B) method in production optimization. In modern industry, achieving operational efficiency and profitability is essential, yet optimization often yields fractional solutions that are unrealistic for indivisible entities. The Branch and Bound method, as part of Integer Programming, has proven effective in addressing these constraints by converting fractional solutions into optimal integer values. This SLR analyzed 12 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2024, sourced from databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and SINTA. The analysis reveals that B&B is widely utilized to maximize production profit across various sectors, including spring beds, woven fabrics, bread, and furniture, often formulated as Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problems. Furthermore, this method is also applied to minimize production time and determine the shortest routes. Overall, B&B is a flexible and efficient tool that assists companies in managing resources and achieving maximum profit with realistic integer solutions.

This study examines the application of transportation problems in an effort to minimize goods transportation costs in various factories in Indonesia, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Transportation problems, as a part of operations research, focus on optimizing distribution costs from sources to destinations. In the industrial context, good planning and strategy are essential to save transportation costs and increase profits. This study analyzes ten relevant journals published between 2017 and 2025, exploring various methods such as the transportation model, North West Corner, Stepping Stone, and Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM), including its modification (MVAM), to achieve efficiency in logistics distribution. The results of the study indicate that the application of these methods significantly contributes to reducing operational costs, accelerating distribution processes, and increasing overall logistics effectiveness in the Indonesian manufacturing sector.

This study examines the working mechanisms of various global satellite navigation systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou, as well as their integration potential across multiple sectors. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review of relevant scientific sources. All satellite navigation systems operate based on the principle of triangulation using radio signals from satellites equipped with high-precision atomic clocks. The procedure includes satellite deployment, signal transmission, distance measurement, and position calculation by receiver devices.The results show that although each system has distinct technical characteristics and strategic orientations, integration between systems—through GNSS, SBAS, radar, and Earth observation technologies—can enhance the accuracy, reliability, and coverage of global navigation services. These systems offer wide-ranging benefits in areas such as transportation navigation, fleet tracking, disaster mitigation, environmental conservation, and military applications. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the procedures and integration of satellite navigation systems to support cross-sector operational efficiency and strengthen technological resilience in the face of global challenges.

This research discusses the strategic role of MSMEs in the Indonesian economy and explores digitalization as a marketing solution to overcome challenges such as less strategic location and low digital literacy. The aim is to investigate the impact of digitalization on MSME marketing strategies, particularly in improving operational efficiency and market reach. The method used is qualitative with a literature review from credible sources such as books and scientific journals. The results show that digitalization significantly improves the marketing effectiveness of MSMEs, as in the case study of Warung Sarapan Tiga Dara which is able to overcome location limitations by utilizing social media and digital tools to reach a wider audience. In conclusion, the implementation of digital marketing strategies is essential for MSMEs to thrive in a competitive environment by improving operational efficiency, customer engagement, and business sustainability despite location constraints.

This paper discusses the methodologies for balanced transportation problems and their solutions, focusing on efficient and cost-effective distribution of goods from multiple sources to various destinations. The study highlights the importance of maintaining supply and demand balance and explores systematic approaches such as initial solution methods—North-West Corner, Least Cost, and Vogel Approximation Method—and the optimal solution technique, Stepping Stone. An illustrative case involving a company with multiple factories and markets demonstrates the application of these methods, resulting in minimized transportation costs. Additionally, the process of fertilizer allocation and cost analysis is examined, emphasizing the use of the Stepping Stone method to achieve cost minimization. The findings underscore the effectiveness of combining initial heuristics with iterative optimization to attain optimal transportation solutions, thereby enhancing logistical efficiency and reducing operational expenses.

Operational efficiency is one of the key indicators in determining the success of industrial companies amid increasing competition. One of the strategies that can be implemented to improve this efficiency is through systematic and integrated business process management. This study aims to examine the role of business process management in enhancing the operational efficiency of industrial companies. This research uses the literature review method by analyzing various national journal publications from the last five years relevant to the topic. The results show that implementing effective business process management helps companies reduce waste, shorten production time, and improve product quality. The utilization of information technology, particularly ERP systems, supports the integration of business processes, allowing for more effective decision-making. However, several challenges remain, including resistance to change and limitations in human resources. Therefore, the implementation of business process management requires appropriate strategies and active participation from all organizational elements to achieve the desired efficiency.   Keywords: , , , , 

Modern industrial activities rely heavily on tools such as forklifts in the process of moving materials. However, the use of forklifts that are not accompanied by optimal maintenance can increase the risk of work accidents and disrupt smooth operations. This study aims to examine the role of maintenance operators in maintaining the condition of forklifts so that they remain optimal and safe to use. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through literature study and field observation. The results showed that maintenance operators play an important role not only in operating forklifts, but also in daily inspection (P2H), early detection of damage, and implementation of light maintenance (autonomous maintenance). The effectiveness of this role is influenced by technical training, compliance with SOPs, availability of P2H forms, and management support. The active role of operators has been shown to reduce defects, minimise downtime, and improve work safety and operational efficiency. This study recommends regular training, digitisation of inspection processes, and close collaboration between operators and technicians as strategies to improve maintenance performance.

A business incubator is a forum or institution that aims to foster, guide, and accelerate the growth of start-up businesses by providing resource support such as training, funding, network access, and operational facilities. This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of Technology-Based Business Incubation Programs in Increasing Startup Growth. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with literature studies as the main data collection technique. The results of the study indicate that business incubators play an important role in reducing the failure rate of digital startups, increasing competitiveness, and accelerating the commercialization process of digital products and services. An effective incubator is characterized by the ability to provide relevant mentoring programs, mentoring from industry practitioners, and access to funding sources. The conclusion of this study states that the existence of business incubators significantly supports the growth and sustainability of digital startups, but their success still depends heavily on the quality of incubation services and the internal readiness of startups to receive coaching.

The SEBLAK program (Birth Certificate, Birth Registration, and Family Card) initiated by RS dr. Mohammad Zyn represents an innovation in digital-based civil registration services, aimed at improving efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency in public services related to population administration. This innovation integrates the processes of data collection, verification, and the issuance of administrative documents automatically through a digital system directly connected to the Department of Population and Civil Registration (Disdukcapil). Consequently, procedures for obtaining documents such as birth certificates and family cards can be carried out more quickly, easily, and without bureaucratic obstacles, while also providing more accurate and reliable data. The overall success of this program is supported by several key factors, including adequate technological infrastructure, continuous training for officers and the community, and effective socialization through various media and community forums. A qualitative approach was used to evaluate the implementation process and its impact on the community and hospital staff. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman (1994) model. The results indicate that the implementation of this digital system can significantly reduce the time and costs associated with document processing, improve data accuracy, and strengthen public trust in government services. Beyond operational aspects, the SEBLAK program also positively impacts increasing access to administrative services for communities in remote and hard-to-reach areas. This aligns with the goal of expanding digital services inclusively and reinforcing the role of hospitals as the initial point and center for civil registration services while enhancing community participation in fulfilling their administrative rights. However, challenges remain, including technical infrastructure limitations, a lack of sufficient training for human resources, and the need to improve data security capacity. Therefore, continuous capacity building for human resources and infrastructure development are crucial to ensure the sustainability and success of this program, which can serve as a model for innovative public services that other institutions in Indonesia can adopt.    

Interpretation of debt-to-equity swap provisions for goods purchase transactions as stipulated in the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 14/POJK.04/2019 concerning Affiliated Transactions and Conflicts of Interest in Certain Transactions. The principle of openness and fairness in transactions between affiliated parties, including in the context of debt-to-equity swaps. However, this provision does not explicitly regulate the conversion of debt arising from goods purchase transactions, thus creating room for legal interpretation regarding whether business debt from operational activities can be converted into equity participation through the issuance of new shares. This study aims to analyze the implementation of debt-to-equity conversion as a financial restructuring strategy, with a focus on legal certainty and protection of public shareholders based on POJK 14/2019. The study uses a normative legal approach with the method of statutory regulations and case studies on PT SLJ Global Tbk. The results of the study indicate that PT SLJ Global Tbk has complied with the formal procedures of POJK 14/2019, including information disclosure, GMS approval, and unaffiliated creditor criteria. However, the conversion of business debt creates legal ambiguity due to the lack of clarity as to whether the debt meets the definition of “loan” in POJK 14/2019. In addition, the dilution of public shares by 34.32% without adequate protection mechanisms indicates a lack of legal certainty. The study recommends normative interpretation and strengthening of regulations to ensure fairness and legal certainty in the practice of debt conversion. Keywords: ; ; ; ; 

This research explores the key challenges in child protection efforts carried out by UNICEF in armed conflict areas, focusing on the case of the Central African Republic (CAR). It adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design, drawing on a literature review of UNICEF reports, UN documents, academic publications, and other credible sources. The analysis reveals that child protection failures stem not only from technical obstacles in the field but also from deeper structural problems, including the state’s weak presence, political compromises with armed groups, and limited institutional capacity. Three major categories of barriers are identified: structural and access-related obstacles, socio-cultural and political constraints, and institutional and operational limitations. UNICEF faces significant challenges in reaching high-risk areas, gaining community trust, and ensuring program sustainability amid high dependence on external funding. Using the human security framework, this research highlights the need to understand child protection in conflict zones as a multidimensional issue requiring a long-term, contextualized approach that strengthens state structures and empowers local communities.

This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach that aims to systematically describe the procedure for purchasing raw materials on credit at PT Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company. The study focuses on various stages of purchasing, coordination between related departments (such as PPIC, purchasing, QC, warehouse, and accounting), and the use of documents and recording tools such as Microsoft Excel and ERP systems. This study is motivated by the importance of implementing standard purchasing procedures to ensure smooth production processes, accuracy of debt recording, and quality of raw materials. Primary data were obtained through direct observation during internship activities and unstructured interviews with management, especially the accounting department. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained through a review of relevant literature to strengthen the analysis and discussion. The analysis technique was carried out qualitatively through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the procedure for purchasing raw materials on credit at PT Bernofarm is in line with the principles of internal control based on the COSO framework and meets applicable quality management standards, such as GMP/CPOB and ISO. Each stage from supplier evaluation, quality inspection, to debt repayment shows orderly and documented control. Thus, the procedures implemented support the operational effectiveness and integrity of the company's financial data.

The advancement of digital technology has made cyberspace a new arena for international conflict. The Lazarus Group, a hacking group allegedly affiliated with the North Korean government, has come to global attention for its involvement in numerous large-scale cyberattacks targeting financial institutions, global corporations, and public infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the group's operational patterns, strategic motives, and its implications for global cybersecurity. Using a qualitative approach and document analysis, the study investigates how Lazarus represents North Korea's strategy to counter international isolation and gain economic advantage. The results show that the international community's response to state actor threats in cyberspace is fragmented and ineffective. Therefore, a stronger and more coordinated multilateral framework is needed to respond to cyber threats from state actors.

The port is a vital infrastructure in the global logistics chain that connects sea and land transportation. The efficiency of cargo loading and unloading operations at the port is a critical factor influencing the smooth flow of goods and overall logistics costs. In this context, the use of Business Intelligence (BI) as an integrated technological system to support data collection, analysis, and presentation is becoming increasingly important for optimizing data-driven decision-making in port environments. XYZ Port, as one of the strategic ports in Indonesia, faces challenges in managing complex loading and unloading operations with increasing cargo volumes. The implementation of a BI dashboard offers a solution to visualize operational data in real-time, identify bottlenecks, and optimize resource allocation. This study aims to implement a BI dashboard for cargo handling operations at XYZ Port. The specific objectives include identifying information needs in cargo handling operations and developing a BI dashboard that suits the characteristics of port operations. The findings indicate that the dashboard effectively supports real-time decision-making and enhances operational efficiency. The study also highlights the importance of addressing technological infrastructure, human resource readiness, and system integration challenges in BI implementation.

Coal mining in indonesia mostlyuses open pit mining methods. Including coal mines owned by PT Bima Nusa Internasional. Administratively, the research area is located in the muara komam area, batu sopang sub-district, paser district, east kalimantan. Open pit mining is a direct method that is exposed to free air above the surface. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall on the production of coal hauling equipment at PT Bima Nusa Internasional. High rainfall can affect the performance of coal hauling equipment, which in turn has the potential to disrupt operational smoothness and reduce productivity. This study uses a quantitativeapporach by analyzing daily  rainfall data for two months and coal hauling equipmentproduction data for a two months period. The results of the study show that there is a significant negative relationship between rainfall and the amount of coal transport equipment production.

This research compares the institutional frameworks of Indonesia’s National Narcotics Agency (BNN) and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) through the lens of regulatory and normative pillars from W. Richard Scott’s institutional theory. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, this study finds that both agencies are structurally under presidential authority but exhibit differing operational styles. BNN emphasizes preventive and rehabilitative strategies rooted in human rights values, while PDEA is characterized by a more repressive approach shaped by national security paradigms. The findings suggest that while both institutions have formal legitimacy and enforcement mechanisms, their normative orientations differ significantly, influencing public perception, legitimacy, and policy outcomes. This comparative study highlights the importance of aligning regulatory frameworks with ethical governance standards to ensure effective and humane narcotics control policies.