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This study examines the impact of CEO education on Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure in Indonesian banks, with a focus on the role of CEO characteristics in shaping corporate social practices. Using data from banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the study explores the relationship between CEO education level, CEO background in finance, and CSR disclosure, applying the Upper Echelons Theory (UET) to explain how CEO characteristics influence corporate decision-making. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between CEO education level and CSR disclosure, suggesting that CEOs with higher education are more likely to lead firms that disclose comprehensive CSR information. Conversely, CEOs with a finance background were found to have a negative impact on CSR disclosure, indicating a preference for financial performance over social responsibility. Additionally, company size was found to significantly influence CSR disclosure, with larger companies more likely to engage in CSR reporting. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on CSR disclosure by highlighting the role of CEO education in shaping corporate transparency, particularly in the banking sector. The findings also underscore the need for a balanced perspective in leadership, where a broader commitment to social responsibility and sustainability complements financial expertise.  

The administration of government in Indonesia is based on a systemic approach which includes a central government system, called the government, as well as a regional government system. In the practice of government administration, there are concepts of centralization and decentralization that regulate the relationship between central and regional governments. The concept of centralization reflects the characteristic where all authority for administering government is centered in the central government, while the concept of decentralization shows the characteristic where some authority for government affairs, which was previously the responsibility of the central government, is delegated to regional governments . According to Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) has a clear position as an integral regional people's representative institution in the administration of government at the local level. DPRD is not just a representative institution, but is also an inseparable part of the regional government structure. The function of the DPRD includes three main aspects, namely legislation, budgeting and supervision. (Kasenda et al., 2020). In an effort to realize this target, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) needs to take concrete steps that can optimally strengthen its role in the context of regional government. The APBD is the implementation of the people's wishes for the government through the DPRD to improve welfare and services to the community. APBD is also the regional government's annual financial planning which is approved by the DPRD and made into policy through regional regulations. As a legislative institution, the DPRD has the responsibility to supervise the use of the budget and the implementation of regional government programs. Effective supervision is expected to increase transparency, accountability, and ensure that the benefits of the programs designed are truly felt by the community, especially those who need it most. Based on this description, the author is interested in conducting further research on the function of the Deli Serdang Regency DPRD in implementing the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget in the Development Sector. In formulating regional government policies, both from the executive and legislative branches, the orientation is to pay attention to the welfare of the people. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, the conclusion is that direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of supervision. Direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of supervision. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. The effectiveness of supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. Direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation through the effectiveness of supervision. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation through the effectiveness of supervision.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-commerce tax in Indonesia from the perspectives of law and enforcement effectiveness. Using a normative juridical approach, this research examines the legal norms outlined in legislation, including Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (as amended), Law No. 7 of 2014 on Trade, and Minister of Finance Regulation No. 210/PMK.010/2018. The findings indicate that e-commerce requires specific regulations due to its unique characteristics compared to conventional trade. These regulations aim to protect consumers and ensure tax compliance. However, challenges in implementing these regulations persist, particularly in supervision and law enforcement. Furthermore, the taxation aspect of e-commerce faces difficulties in reaching international businesses and avoiding tax evasion. Therefore, ongoing efforts from the government are necessary to strengthen regulations and law enforcement in addressing the dynamics of e-commerce development in Indonesia, to achieve legal certainty and optimal tax contributions from this sector.

This study is motivated by the status of Surah Yusuf as ahsanul qashash, which has special characteristics in terms of balagah, particularly the use of kinayah to convey sensitive narratives in a polite manner. This study aims to identify the classification of types of kinayah and reveal the pragmatic functions behind their use in the text. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with heuristic-semiotic analysis techniques, where the primary data is sourced directly from the verses of the Qur'an. Surah Yusuf predominantly uses kinayah 'an al-maushuf to refer to certain entities or positions in order to maintain the dignity of the narrative, in addition to the use of kinayah shifah and nisbah to describe the emotional turmoil of the characters. Functionally, this style of language plays the role of ihtiraz (preventive), mubalaghah (emphasis of meaning), and ta'dzim (respect). The implications of this study confirm that the use of kinayah is not merely linguistic aesthetics, but a medium of moral education that promotes polite interpersonal communication and is relevant to contemporary Islamic ethics.

Diabetic wounds have quite serious impacts on sufferers, so a comprehensive wound assessment must be carried out. However, currently there are still many nurses who carry out wound assessments only relying on the nurse's experience in assessing wound characteristics. The use of a digital application (Dicafoler) is a solution to be used as a tool to comprehensively assess diabetes wounds so that it can minimize the impact of the risk of infection and amputation. The aim of this research is to describe the use of the dicafoler application as a tool to assess diabetes wounds among nurses at RSUD Dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara Serang. The research design used in this research is Quantitative Description. Sampling technique with a total sampling of 24 respondents. The results of this research were that the age of the executive nurses was young adults (25-35 years), the dominant sex was that the executive nurses were female, the educational level of the executive nurses was at most D3 nursing, the length of service of the executive nurses was >5 years. Bivariate results show that the use of Dicafoler is effective in assessing wounds more accurately.  The conclusion of this research is that the Dicafoler application can be easily used to assist in the process of assessing diabetic wounds, but it requires further development through further research to add incomplete features so that a comprehensive assessment can be carried out.

Literature is an inseparable part of the surrounding reality, presented in the form of fiction. Women are consistently included as objects that provide a unique symbol in conveying its implied messages. Similarly, within the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) environment, women possess their own distinct culture that conforms to the habits that bind them. This portrayal is depicted in the literary work, the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis. The pesantren woman is described concerning her tendencies in pesantren life and her role as the successor in the leadership relay within it. This research aims to describe (a) the portrayal of the pesantren woman's culture in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis, and (b) the implication of the pesantren woman's leadership on the development of the pesantren in the novel Hati Suhita by Ning Khilma Anis. The approach in this study uses a qualitative methodology. The data source for this research is the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis. The data in this study consist of findings relevant to the problem focus within the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis. The data collection technique used is literature study The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained are: The pesantren woman described in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis is portrayed with the attitudes of obedience and humility as the defining characteristics of a santri (pesantren student). The novel Hati Suhita lays out the implication of her leadership, which brings advancement and renewal to her in-laws' pesantren.

Early childhood, commonly referred to as AUD (Anak Usia Dini), is the period from birth to six years old, which is crucial for the development of character and personality. At this stage, support from both parents and teachers is essential to help optimize children's potential according to their characteristics. One important aspect of early childhood development is language skills, which include listening, speaking, writing, and reading. Reading is a fundamental ability, as it serves as the foundation for developing other skills. In kindergarten-aged children, reading ability is known as emergent or beginning reading.This research aims to improve the beginning reading skills of children at PAUD Imanuel Maubele through the use of picture word card media. The research employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach following the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages, implemented in two cycles. The study involved 24 children aged 5-6 years, consisting of 14 girls and 10 boys. Data were collected using observation sheets.The pre-action observations showed that the children's beginning reading skills were still low, with an average achievement of only 42.59%. After implementing the first cycle, the average increased to 68.34%, with two children reaching the class success indicators. In the second cycle, the results showed a significant improvement, with an average achievement of 95.57%. These findings indicate that using picture word card media can effectively enhance the beginning reading abilities of early childhood students at PAUD Imanuel Maubele.

This study investigates the effectiveness of media literacy training in enhancing high school students’ critical evaluation skills in the digital era. The research is motivated by the growing challenges of disinformation and fake news, which often influence young people’s perception of news and their decision-making processes. The objective of this study is to examine how structured media literacy training can transform students’ ability to critically analyze information, recognize fake news, and construct well-founded arguments. A qualitative research approach was employed, using content analysis of training materials, classroom workshops, observations, and reflective interviews or questionnaires to gather data. The participants were purposively selected high school students engaged in the media literacy program. The findings reveal significant improvements in students’ ability to identify the characteristics of fake news, verify information through reliable sources, and analyze media messages more systematically. Before the training, students tended to accept information uncritically, struggled to differentiate between facts and opinions, and relied heavily on social media as their primary source of information. After the training, however, they demonstrated more reflective and cautious behavior, cross-checking information from multiple credible sources and presenting arguments that linked news content with broader socio-political contexts. The study concludes that media literacy training plays a crucial role in equipping students with critical thinking skills necessary to navigate the complexities of the digital information landscape. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for integrating media literacy into school curricula, supported by teacher training and sustainable educational policies, to ensure long-term resilience against disinformation.

Education is a very complex process that not only covers knowledge but also skills, including moral and ethical values. English as an international language has an important role in the field of education, especially in Indonesia at senior high school (SMA) with a focus on developing skills from speaking, listening, reading and writing. However, each learners have different abilities ranging from slow learners to fast learners, it requires teachers to apply a variety of learning strategies in accordance with learning. This study aims to explore English learning strategies applied at SMA Negeri 2 Bangli, especially in class XI. Through the descriptive qualitative research method, this study found that both teachers apply varied learning strategies according to the needs of students, and there are learning strategies that are rarely applied because they are considered less suitable for the characteristics and learning needs of students.

Da'wah is an activity that aims to invite people to the path of truth and guidance from Allah SWT, carried out orally or in writing with the spirit of calling and guiding the people. As an integral part of Islamic teachings, this da'wah requires not only sincerity but also good management so that its implementation is effective, structured, and relevant to the development of the times. In this case, management becomes an important element that includes planning, implementing, and evaluating religious programs. The values ​​contained in this management can be reflected in the Qur'an, such as strategy, trustworthy leadership, and a wise approach, emphasizing the importance of integration between da'wah and management. Management is interpreted as an-nizam or at-tanzim, which is a regulatory system that puts everything in its place. The relationship between management and da'wah is synergistic, where da'wah requires a management program and communication media to reach the community effectively and innovatively. A da'i, in this context, also has a very imaudience’s important role, namely as a manager who must understand the audience's characteristics and design the right da'wah strategy. Therefore, the integration of management in da'wah activities is one of the essential needs in building a systematic and competitive da'wah movement amidst modern social dynamics.

This study presents the implementation of Transfer learning using the ResNet-18 architecture for classifying 10 musical instrument categories based on visual representations of audio signals. The audio waveform is transformed into image-like inputs appropriate for CNN processing, accompanied by data augmentation and ImageNet-standard normalization. ResNet-18 is utilized due to its efficient feature extraction capability enabled by residual blocks, which help overcome vanishing gradient issues. The model was trained for 10 Epochs using the AdamW optimizer and Cross-Entropy Loss. Experimental results show that the model achieved a maximum validation accuracy of 77.35%, with a stable downward trend in training loss, indicating effective feature learning. However, several misclassification cases were observed, particularly among instruments with similar spectral characteristics, such as drum–violin and tabla–sitar. These findings demonstrate that while ResNet-18 performs reliably for musical instrument classification, further improvements remain possible through deeper architectures like ResNet-50, more comprehensive hyperparameter optimization, and the use of richer audio representations such as Mel-Spectrograms. This research provides an essential foundation for developing automated music analysis systems powered by Deep Learning.

Background High blood pressure or hypertension is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can prevent or slow the onset of hypertension and reduce cardiovascular risk Apiin and mannitol content in celery leaves have diuretic properties that help draw fluid and support kidney function in removing excess fluid from the body. This process can significantly lower blood pressure in people with hypertension Objectives to determine changes in blood pressure in hypertensive patients with non-pharmacological therapy using celery leaves Quasi-Experimental design method with Pre-test and Post-test control group design. Samples were taken using Purposive Sampling technique as many as 30 people Research Results From the characteristics of respondents and based on statistical tests with the Wilcoxon Test in the intervention group Pre-test Post-test obtained Asymp. Sig. value of 0.890 Conclusion There is no significant change between the intervention group and the control group in the provision of non-pharmacological therapy using Celery leaves Suggestions For people with hypertension to always seek information in improving self-management in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.

The use of Maternal and Child Health (KIA) books for toddlers at Posyandu Melati 2 in 2023 falls short of the national target of 85%. This low usage rate raises concerns about potential negative impacts on the health of children under five. Cadres play a crucial role in promoting maternal and child health by providing guidance and encouragement regarding the use of KIA books. This study aims to assess the correlation between cadre support and the utilization of KIA books among mothers of toddlers at Posyandu Melati 2 from April to May 2024. A cross- sectional analysis was conducted with a total population of 57 mothers of toddlers, using a total sampling technique. Data on maternal characteristics, cadre support, and KIA book usage were collected through a survey with a questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square method with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results indicated that only 10.5% of mothers used the KIA books properly, and 28.1% received good support from health workers. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between cadre support and the use of KIA books, with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.5 and a Fisher Exact Test result of p = 0.046. These findings highlight the importance of cadre support in enhancing the use of KIA books among mothers of toddlers, suggesting that increased support could improve usage rates and potentially benefit child health outcomes.  

Mathematics plays a crucial role in developing students' problem-solving abilities and independence. Educators need to consider the varying characteristics of students when it comes to solving problems, one of which is their adversity quotient (AQ) level. The adversity quotient relates to a student's ability to handle complex problems or to overcome challenging situations. This research aims to analyze the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Class X students in the context of Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV) based on their Adversity Quotient (AQ). This qualitative, descriptive study involved selecting research subjects using an AQ questionnaire and was conducted in Class X. Data collection methods included testing, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that subjects with the Climber type can understand problems, develop problem-solving plans, solve problems with accurate and appropriate steps, and use available information to re-check their answers. Subjects with the Camper type can understand problems, develop problem-solving plans, solve problems with accurate and appropriate steps, but often cannot use available information to re-check their answers. Subjects with the Quitter type can understand the problem and formulate a plan but struggle to solve the problem accurately and appropriately, and tend not to use available information to re-check their answers.

Civil society is a socio-political construct that places Islam and the State in a state of mutual need, namely, Islam, on the one hand, as a moral guide for state management, and the State, on the other, as a foundation for Islamic values. This conception refers to the significant amount of the Medina-built society of the prophet Muhammad and Khulafaurrasyidin, which consists of five key pillars: monotheism, humanism, deliberations, justice, and Brotherhood. This artiicle aims to investigate how civil society interacts with the growth of political democracy in Indonesia. The researcher used descriptive qualitative techniques in this investigation by analyzing primary data collected from library studies. The data were processed using discourse analyzes and hermeneutic analysis techniques. Besides, the researchers used the historical, sociological, philosophical, and theological convergence approach. The article result revealed that the process of consolidating and improving political democracy in Indonesia remained bureaucratic and did not wholly represent civil society characteristics.

From the research title The Meaning of Sae Pah Speeches, with this the researcher's aim is to describe the meaning of the Sae Pah Speeches in the Bo'en Village area, Rinhat District, Malacca Regency. The problem that will be discussed in this research is the meaning contained in the sae pah speech in Bo'en Village, Rinhat District, Malaka Regency. The aim of this research is to describe the meaning in the traditional sae pah ritual speech in the Bo'en community, Rinhat District, Malacca Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. (Bogda and Tyilor) Aminudin, 1990: 15, stated that the qualitative descriptive method is research that produces descriptive data in the form of written words or writings about people whose behavior is being observed. The researcher concluded that Sae Pah speech in Boen Village is very important so that people understand the meaning of Sae Pah speech and the characteristics which then form groups that have different traditions, languages ​​and beliefs and can function for the people of Boen Village. So that the Sae Pah traditional speech of the ancestors needs to be preserved by the younger generation, because the Sae Pah traditional speech culture has good value to be a positive impact of the attachment of norms in the traditions of the Boen Village community. As for the suggestions that the author gives to the Boen Village community in general and in particular so as to continue to maintain and preserve the diversity of Sae Pah traditional speech values. To maintain the values ​​of Sae Pah traditional speech contained therein so that they can continue into the next generation. The principle is that it is not influenced and shifted by other cultures (westernization).

Generation Alpha is a unique generation, born in the era of digital technology. Since an early age, they have been in contact with information technology. Based on previous research, this generation spends a lot of time in front of the screen and is fluent in using technological tools. As a generation of future leaders, teachers and parents must have an approach based on the characteristics of the Alpha generation in parenting and teaching patterns to develop leadership character. The study aims to examine the characteristics of the Alpha generation, how character education for the Alpha generation and effective parenting patterns in preparing the digital leadership of the Alpha generation. Literature studies show that the Alpha generation has great potential as a digital leader through the digital environment, character education in schools and parental care must be adjusted to the characteristics of the Alpha generation, by providing role models, mentoring, and good relationships. This study used a mixed method involving a quantitative survey of teachers and students, as well as qualitative interviews with school principals. The results of the study show that effective leadership in this context involves the implementation of holistic policies, which not only emphasize mastery of technology, but also strengthen character values ​​such as responsibility, discipline, and empathy. Thus, the role of principals and teachers is crucial in creating a learning environment that is balanced between the intellectual development and character of students.  This research provides strategic recommendations for educational leaders in designing policies that are able to integrate technology without neglecting student character development.

Regional economic development is significant in improving the community's standard of living. The success of this development depends on formulating and implementing policies that prioritize sectors with substantial competitive advantages. This research aims to analyze the base and non-base sectors that comprise the economy and the typology of leading sectors to be developed further in Kebumen Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive to describe the characteristics of Kebumen Regency's economic sectors systematically. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) data for Kebumen Regency and Central Java Province in 2023. Three analytical tools are used to analyze the leading sectors: Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient, and Sectoral Klassen Typology. The research results show that five leading sectors in Kebumen Regency are classified as base and prospective sectors, namely (1) Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, (2) Wholesale and Retail Trade, (3) Transportation and Warehousing, (4) Government Administration, Defense, and Mandatory Social Security, and (5) Health Services and Social Activities.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the side effects that often occurs in spinal anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting affect patient morbidity such as stress, discomfort, dehydration, prolonging treatment time and increasing treatment costs. This study aims to determine the effect of acupressure therapy on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia in the recovery room at the Imelda Workers Indonesia General Hospital, Medan. This type of research is quantitative research with quasi-experimental research methods. Data reports in the province of North Sumatra showed that there were 25,602 patients who underwent surgery. Meanwhile, at the Indonesian Umim Workers Hospital in Medan, data on surgical patients for January-March 2024 totaled 666 patients, and 250 patients had spinal anesthesia. This research was carried out in February - June 2024 at the Imelda Indonesian Workers General Hospital, Medan. The research sample was taken as many as 20 respondents. incidence of nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia at the Imelda Workers Indonesia General Hospital, Medan. Based on the characteristics of respondents based on age, they were in the age range of 36-40 years, namely 55%, based on gender, the majority of respondents were women, namely 60%, respondents based on smoking history were the majority 65%, the distribution of respondents with a history of nausea and vomiting was the majority 55% and the majority of respondents with nausea and vomiting were 60%. The recommendation for this research is that acupressure therapy can be applied in nursing practice so that patients are able to perform it independently. For the Imelda Workers Indonesia General Hospital, Medan, it is necessary to score the risk of nausea and vomiting in patients before surgery to minimize the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting.

This research aims to analyze the prosody contained in Javanese using an acoustic phonetic approach. This research also uses an instrumental approach, where researchers use the Praat program to analyze the frequency, intensity, and duration of the voices of male and female Javanese speakers. Data were collected from one male Javanese speaker and one female Javanese speaker. The results of the analysis show that the frequency of the voices of male Javanese speakers tends to be lower than that of female Javanese speakers. The intensity of the voices of male Javanese speakers tends to be smaller than that of female Javanese speakers. In contrast to the frequency and intensity, the duration of the male voice is also higher than that of female voices. This research confirms that there are significant differences in vocal characteristics between male and female speakers of Javanese. These results indicate that there are distinctive linguistic patterns between the two genders in the Javanese language community.