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This research is motivated by the challenges of learning in the digital era, which encourage schools to improve 21st century skills which include collaboration and communication skills by utilizing digital technology which will have a major impact on student success. The use of digital technology in learning is currently a major concern at various levels of education, including elementary schools (SD). The aim of the research is to determine the effect of using digital technology, types of effective digital technology media, and challenges in using digital technology to improve collaboration and communication skills for elementary school students. This research is based on literature study, namely a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. The results of this research show that the use of digital technology has a big influence on improving the collaboration and communication skills of elementary school (SD) students. Types of effective digital technology media include WhatsApp groups, YouTube, TikTok, Google Classroom, Zoom, Google Meet, Canva and Powerpoint. The challenges in using digital technology are limited technological infrastructure, lack of skills and knowledge of teachers, management and maintenance of technology, choosing appropriate technological methods and media, the digital divide, safety for students and teachers, and concerns about disrupting the values ​​of local wisdom.

The author analyzes Sampang Regent Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Candidacy, Election, Appointment, Inauguration, and Dismissal of Village Heads, focusing on ambiguity regarding the dismissal of Acting Village Heads. Currently, around 50 villages in Sampang Regency are led by Pj. Kades who are being evaluated, but the regulation does not contain clear provisions regarding their dismissal. This creates legal uncertainty and potential turmoil in society. The author uses a normative method with case studies based on primary and secondary legal materials, such as the relevant Regent Regulation. The results of the analysis show that the lack of clarity in the rules for the dismissal of the Acting Village Head poses a risk of abuse of power and politicization, especially because the evaluation results are not transparent. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the Regent Regulation to provide a clear legal basis for the dismissal of the Acting Village Head, in order to create legal certainty in the village government in Sampang Regency.

The community service program carried out by MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka) Teaching Assistance in English Education Students IAIN Palangka Raya is titled “English Club.” It aims to improve the English skills of participants at the Secondary Level. This program introduces interactive learning methods and enjoyable media through a game-based approach and technology. Thus, this activity helps participants understand English material more easily and effectively. The program is conducted over three sessions, covering topics such as self-introduction, telling time, and hobbies. Each session is designed to develop the participants' English language abilities by optimally combining theory and practice. To create an active and engaging learning environment, the activities also include educational games, such as “Hi! My Name Is...,” “Catch It!,” and “Simon Says!”, which are designed to sharpen the cognitive and motor skills of the participants. In each session, technology media, such as engaging PowerPoint presentations and online games, are used to create variety in the learning experience, making participants feel interested and motivated. The results of this activity indicate an improvement in the participants' English skills, particularly in speaking. Additionally, there is also an increase in the participants' interest and motivation toward learning English. The use of creative methods and technology has proven effective in helping participants understand the material and creating a positive learning atmosphere. In conclusion, enjoyable learning not only enhances the English skills of participants but also builds their confidence in communication.

Conventional power plants that exist today can cause environmental damage, such as air pollution and the erosion of fossil reserves. Therefore, humans continue to innovate to develop environmentally friendly power plants. One of them is the combined wind turbine and solar cell technology to create a more effective solution called a Hybrid power plant. This research proposes a VAWT Helix Turbine Design for Microhybrid Power Plant. The design is according to the wind speed and solar radiation for the Madiun city area. BMKG data shows that the average wind speed is 3 m/s to 7 m/s. Meanwhile, the sun's heat is on average 25°C to 36°C. The wind turbine uses 3 blades of helix type and the solar cell used is Monocrystalline. The design was designed using the AutoCAD program and simulated using Qblade software. The blades are made using 3D Printing Polylactic Acid (PLA) and then printed using a 3D Printer. Simulation results using Qblade show the average value when the wind speed is 3 m/s produces an average power within 11.4 Watt. When the wind speed is 4 m/s, the average power is 33.7 Watt. When the wind speed of 5 m/s produces an average power of 80.2 watts.

The increasing demand for sustainable and reliable energy solutions in remote and off-grid communities has led to the exploration of hybrid bio-solar renewable energy systems. This paper examines the implementation of a hybrid bio-solar system with energy storage to improve microgrid stability and support local sustainability. By combining biomass and solar power with energy storage, the system provides a reliable, clean, and cost-effective energy supply, addressing intermittency and enhancing grid resilience. The research covers system design, power flow simulation, voltage and frequency stability, and both economic and environmental analyses to assess system effectiveness. The results show that the hybrid bio-solar system significantly improves energy reliability, reduces carbon emissions, and offers a more stable energy supply compared to diesel or grid-based systems. The system's scale and configuration are crucial in optimizing cost-effectiveness, with larger systems yielding better long-term benefits. Local community involvement is key to managing and maintaining the system, ensuring its sustainability. Compared to other renewable energy hybrids like wind-solar or solar-diesel, the bio-solar system offers superior reliability and cost-efficiency, especially where biomass is abundant. The paper concludes with recommendations for scaling these systems and emphasizes the importance of supportive policies for accelerating sustainable energy transitions.

This study examines the impact of CEO education on Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure in Indonesian banks, with a focus on the role of CEO characteristics in shaping corporate social practices. Using data from banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the study explores the relationship between CEO education level, CEO background in finance, and CSR disclosure, applying the Upper Echelons Theory (UET) to explain how CEO characteristics influence corporate decision-making. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between CEO education level and CSR disclosure, suggesting that CEOs with higher education are more likely to lead firms that disclose comprehensive CSR information. Conversely, CEOs with a finance background were found to have a negative impact on CSR disclosure, indicating a preference for financial performance over social responsibility. Additionally, company size was found to significantly influence CSR disclosure, with larger companies more likely to engage in CSR reporting. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on CSR disclosure by highlighting the role of CEO education in shaping corporate transparency, particularly in the banking sector. The findings also underscore the need for a balanced perspective in leadership, where a broader commitment to social responsibility and sustainability complements financial expertise.  

Film and television series posters play a crucial role as both promotional media and symbolic representations of a work’s narrative and themes. This study analyzes the semiotics of the Netflix series The Influencer (2024) poster, which highlights issues of social media manipulation, identity crisis, and digital power. Its success in reaching Netflix’s Top 10 in Indonesia indicates strong cultural resonance. Using a qualitative approach with Barthes’ semiotic method, this research examines visual elements such as color, typography, and composition to reveal the poster’s denotative, connotative, and mythological meanings. The poster functions not only as a promotional tool but also as a medium conveying complex social messages.This study contributes to the field of Visual Communication Design by providing insights into how visual elements shape meaning and audience perception. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for academics and practitioners in understanding and creating posters that are both aesthetically appealing and meaningful.

The 2023 Surabaya City Waste Bank Competition, which was opened by the Mayor of Surabaya himself, included many villages that placed first, including Gunung Anyar Tambak Village. The government and local community of Gunung Anyar Tambak Village, Surabaya, have taken an ecologically conscious approach to solving the garbage issue via the garbage Bank Program. Reducing trash sent to the TPA (Final Disposal Area) and raising public awareness about the need for proper waste management are the primary goals of this campaign. Located in the Mangrove region, Gunung Anyar Tambak Village lies on the seashore. The researcher use a qualitative descriptive methodology, gathering data via interviews, documentation, and observation. Data collecting takes done at the research site. An individual's capacity to influence their own social, economic, and political circumstances is crucial to their advancement in society, and community empowerment provides that opportunity. In order to address waste issues and use available resources, the trash bank program was developed as a community and environmental empowerment initiative. An individual's capacity to influence their own social, economic, and political circumstances is crucial to their advancement in society, and community empowerment provides that opportunity. The Bintang Mangrove trash bank offers a variety of community empowerment activities, including as savings and loans, power payment, medical treatment, recycling, replanting, and environmental care.

This study aims to examine the influence of bounding (lompat kijang) and split squat jump training on sprint performance among Physical Education students at a university in Medan. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, involving ten participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that bounding exercises significantly improve stride length, movement coordination, and sprint acceleration. Meanwhile, the split squat jump contributes more to initial push-off strength, body stability, and lower-limb muscular endurance. Most participants reported that combining both exercises produces the most optimal sprint improvement, as it simultaneously trains horizontal and vertical power. Additionally, the combined training enhances running efficiency and increases participants’ confidence during short-distance sprinting. The study concludes that both plyometric exercises are effective and recommended for speed-training programs, particularly for students and beginner athletes seeking comprehensive sprint performance enhancement.

This study examines the theological significance of miracles in the Gospel of John within the framework of New Testament studies and their function as signs that lead people to knowledge of and faith in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God. Within a Christological framework, in the Gospel of John, miracles are presented selectively as theological signs designed to foster and affirm faith in Jesus Christ as the Messiah and the Son of God. This research adopts a qualitative methodology, utilizing a literature review and theological analysis of the miracle narratives in the Gospel of John. The analysis is conducted with particular attention to the Gospel's narrative structure and its declared purpose (John 20:30–31). The study's results demonstrate that the Gospel of John selectively presents certain miracles as signs imbued with deep theological meaning. These miracles not only manifest divine power but also disclose Jesus's identity and guide readers toward faith. The miracles in the Gospel of John should not be interpreted solely as supernatural events, but as instruments of divine revelation designed to cultivate and form faith. Faith constitutes the primary response to these signs, directing readers to confess that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that through faith in Him, eternal life is obtained.

Early marriage conducted through siri (unregistered religious marriage) remains a complex social phenomenon in Indonesia, often influenced by emotional ties, religious beliefs, and family expectations. This study explores the intersection between love, faith, and family in shaping decisions surrounding early siri marriage and religious conversion. Through a qualitative approach, the research examines how young individuals navigate personal relationships while facing moral, spiritual, and cultural pressures. The findings reveal that early siri marriage is frequently chosen as a solution to preserve family honor or legitimize romantic relationships, yet it also creates legal and psychological vulnerabilities, especially for young women. Furthermore, the decision to convert religions is shown to be deeply connected to marital commitments and familial influence, reflecting the struggle between personal conviction and social acceptance. This study highlights the need for broader legal protection, education, and social support systems to address the long-term impacts of unregistered early marriage and religious transition. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that decisions regarding marriage and faith are rarely individual choices alone, but rather shaped by powerful emotional and familial dynamics.

Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have changed the way we transact and interact in the digital age. However, the rapid advancement of these technologies has resulted in major environmental impacts. Efficient implementation of blockchain requires the use of large amounts of energy and computing power, with consensus algorithms as the foundation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental implications of blockchain and cryptocurrency implementation, as well as initiatives to mitigate these issues. The type of research is a library study (library research) using a qualitative method, namely by combining, collecting information or previous scientific papers on relevant topics. Along with the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies, the continuous mining process often results in large energy consumption and carbon emissions, sparking concerns about their long-term viability and environmental impact. Based on the results of previous research and research sources, the author found a solution to the problem of high energy consumption from the use of blockchain, namely: Proof of Stake (PoS), Proof of Authority (PoA), Sidechains and Layer-2 Solutions, Hardware Optimization, Implementation of Consensus Algorithms Based on RUST.

Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have changed the way we transact and interact in the digital age. However, the rapid advancement of these technologies has resulted in major environmental impacts. Efficient implementation of blockchain requires the use of large amounts of energy and computing power, with consensus algorithms as the foundation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental implications of blockchain and cryptocurrency implementation, as well as initiatives to mitigate these issues. The type of research is a library study (library research) using a qualitative method, namely by combining, collecting information or previous scientific papers on relevant topics. Along with the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies, the continuous mining process often results in large energy consumption and carbon emissions, sparking concerns about their long-term viability and environmental impact. Based on the results of previous research and research sources, the author found a solution to the problem of high energy consumption from the use of blockchain, namely: Proof of Stake (PoS), Proof of Authority (PoA), Sidechains and Layer-2 Solutions, Hardware Optimization, Implementation of Consensus Algorithms Based on RUST.

Dalam konteks pidato “The Transformative power of education”, penerjemahan menjadi sangat penting karena pidato ini bertujuan untuk menginspirasi dan memberdayakan audiens dengan gagasan transformasi melalui pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis teknik dan strategi penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam teks linguistik. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pidato dari Prof. Neil Mercer yang diterjemahkan oleh Siti Ismiati. Dalam artikel ini, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yang bertujuan untuk memahami dan menjelaskan teknik interpreting berdasarkan teori-teori terkemuka dalam bidang linguistik dan penerjemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam pidato “The Transformative power of education”. Dengan mengacu pada teori-teori terkemuka dalam penerjemahan interpreting, penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan teknik seperti teknik cutting dan omission. Setiap teknik dievaluasi berdasarkan efektivitasnya dalam mempertahankan makna, struktur, dan relevansi budaya.

Renewable energy systems, particularly those incorporating solar and wind power, are prone to stability issues due to the intermittent and fluctuating nature of these energy sources. This paper investigates several nonlinear control techniques—namely, adaptive control, sliding mode control, and fuzzy logic control—that are designed to improve stability in renewable energy systems. Through simulations, we demonstrate how these methods can effectively reduce fluctuations and maintain stable energy output, offering a robust approach to enhancing the reliability of renewable energy systems.

The transport industry stands out as a crucial domain in bolstering Indonesia's journey toward economic revitalization, swift progress, and equitable distribution. At present, Indonesia is in the process of establishing a high-speed railway sector that adheres to global benchmarks. Rail-based transit systems exert considerable influence on the mobility of both individuals and commodities. Trains possess the capacity to convey substantial volumes of commuters and freight in one journey, thereby playing a role in diminishing operational expenses for transportation fleets. Braking is an important aspect of driving because it affects safety, vehicle control, and vehicle efficiency. In order to develop braking research, high-speed train braking test equipment is needed to describe the actual conditions during braking. High-speed trains are a type of train capable of traveling at speeds above 200 km/h. The braking applied to these high-speed trains involves several combined forces, including regenerative braking and pneumatic braking. In regenerative braking, deceleration occurs due to the conversion of kinetic energy into electrical power. This mechanism is carried out when the train is at an operational speed of 220 km/h until it decelerates to 160 km/h. Next, pneumatic braking was applied at a speed of 160 km/h until the train slowed down and came to a stop. This study shows how the calculation process was carried out using a scale of 1:4 at a speed of 160 km/h.

The increasing number of motor vehicles in Indonesia produces repetitive mechanical loads on road surfaces that are rarely converted into useful energy. This study designs and evaluates a piezoelectric energy-harvesting speed bump intended to support low-power street lighting. The prototype integrates 25 piezoelectric discs (50 mm diameter) connected in series, an AC–DC bridge rectifier, a 2.7 V/500 F supercapacitor for short-term storage, and a DC–DC step-up converter to charge a 12 V battery. Field tests used a motorcycle at speeds of 5, 10, and 15 km/h with rider masses of 48, 70, and 79 kg; each condition was repeated ten times and averaged. Output voltage, current, and electrical energy per pass were measured after rectification. Results indicate that higher speed and mass increase electrical output, with a peak energy of 0.021 J at 15 km/h and 70 kg and an estimated conversion efficiency of about 0.20%. After repeated charging cycles, stored energy powered a 12 V/20 W LED lamp for several minutes. The proposed integration of series piezoelectric elements with supercapacitor buffering and step-up regulation demonstrates a feasible micro-energy harvester for traffic-dense areas and provides a basis for durability and scaling studies. Future work addresses packaging, fatigue, and multi-vehicle loading.

This study presents the implementation of Transfer learning using the ResNet-18 architecture for classifying 10 musical instrument categories based on visual representations of audio signals. The audio waveform is transformed into image-like inputs appropriate for CNN processing, accompanied by data augmentation and ImageNet-standard normalization. ResNet-18 is utilized due to its efficient feature extraction capability enabled by residual blocks, which help overcome vanishing gradient issues. The model was trained for 10 Epochs using the AdamW optimizer and Cross-Entropy Loss. Experimental results show that the model achieved a maximum validation accuracy of 77.35%, with a stable downward trend in training loss, indicating effective feature learning. However, several misclassification cases were observed, particularly among instruments with similar spectral characteristics, such as drum–violin and tabla–sitar. These findings demonstrate that while ResNet-18 performs reliably for musical instrument classification, further improvements remain possible through deeper architectures like ResNet-50, more comprehensive hyperparameter optimization, and the use of richer audio representations such as Mel-Spectrograms. This research provides an essential foundation for developing automated music analysis systems powered by Deep Learning.

This study examines the impact of interest rates and inflation during the 2019-2023 period on asset allocation strategies in Indonesia's investment portfolio. Investment decisions are heavily influenced by two macroeconomic components, namely interest rates and inflation. These factors mainly affect how assets comprise a portfolio. In this study, data on Bank Indonesia's benchmark interest rate and the national inflation rate over the past five years are analyzed to see the pattern of change and its impact on asset allocation strategies, which include stocks, bonds, property, and other assets. The results show that rising interest rates significantly encourage people to shift from high-risk assets (e.g. stocks) to safer assets (e.g. bonds and deposits). Meanwhile, high inflation triggers an increased allocation to physical assets such as property and gold as a hedge against declining purchasing power. This research provides insights for investors to adjust their investment portfolios based on macroeconomic dynamics, especially in the face of interest rate volatility and inflation. The findings also highlight the importance of flexibility and diversification in asset allocation strategies to achieve optimal investment objectives amid economic uncertainty. The conclusion of this study confirms the importance of understanding interest rate and inflation dynamics in formulating effective investment strategies in Indonesia. The implications of these findings can be used by investors and policymakers in designing better monetary policies and investment strategies, in order to maintain national economic stability.

In the era of globalization, pop culture has become a powerful medium in shaping individual identities, including Muslim identity. This article explores how pop culture influences the transformation of Muslim identity within the context of globalization, particularly among the younger generation. Through a qualitative approach, this research delves into the interaction between elements of popular culture, such as music, film, and social media, with religious practices and values within Islam. The study utilizes in-depth interviews and content analysis from various media platforms, including social media and other media sources, to understand the dynamics of identity change among Muslim youth. The findings will illustrate how pop culture shapes the perspectives and behaviors of the Muslim generation, blending Islamic traditions with elements of modernity to form a unique Muslim identity. This article provides insight into how Muslim identity in the modern era continues to evolve and adapt within an increasingly connected and diverse society. The research makes a significant contribution to our understanding of Muslim identity in the modern age, highlighting the complexity and fluidity of identity in a constantly changing society. This article makes a crucial contribution to cultural and religious studies and paves the way for further research on this topic. It emphasizes the importance of understanding Muslim identity as a dynamic and layered phenomenon that continuously evolves with global culture. This study offers new insights into the transformation of Muslim identity in modern society and underscores the importance of understanding the influence of pop culture on the identity transformation process. Thus, this article contributes to a broader discussion on identity, religion, and culture in the context of globalization.