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This research is motivated by the importance of preserving the authenticity of the Qur’an as the primary source of Islamic teachings and law, which serves as the foundation for legal certainty within the Islamic Family Law system. Historical records show that the codification process of the Qur’an carried out by Zaid bin Tsabit during the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Uthman bin Affan played a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and uniformity of the revealed text, thereby having significant implications for the validity of Islamic legal arguments. This study aims to critically analyze the role of Zaid bin Tsabit in the Qur’anic codification process and its implications for the certainty of the textual basis (nash) in Islamic family law. Using a qualitative method with a historical-normative approach, this research combines chronological and normative analyses of primary sources such as the works of as-Suyuthi and az-Zarkasyi, as well as secondary sources in relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the codification process of the Qur’an holds not only historical value but also juridical significance, as it ensures the authenticity of the text as the foundation of Islamic law. Therefore, integrating historical and normative aspects is essential to maintaining the authority of Islamic legal sources in the contemporary era.

Regional economic development requires a comprehensive understanding of the structure, potential, and dynamics of economic sectors so that formulated policies can be targeted and sustainable. Bojonegoro Regency as one of the regions in East Java Province has unique economic characteristics with the dominance of certain sectors, so it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the economic sectors that play a role in driving regional growth. This study aims to identify basic and non-basic sectors, analyze the dynamics of changes in economic sectors, and assess the sectoral competitiveness of Bojonegoro Regency compared to East Java Province. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product at constant prices by business field obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The analytical methods used include Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient, and Shift Share. The results show that the mining and quarrying sector remains the sector with the most dominant relative advantage in the economic structure of Bojonegoro Regency. However, the analysis of dynamics and competitiveness indicates that several non-extractive sectors are starting to show faster development and growth potential. This finding suggests an opportunity for transformation of the regional economic structure towards a more diverse pattern. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of regional economic development strategies that do not only rely on traditional leading sectors, but also encourage the development of more sustainable potential sectors.

This study aims to analyse the role of the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency in improving the quality of inter-city bus transportation services within the province (AKDP) based on Soekanto's role theory (in Solahudin et al, 2022), which is reviewed using three indicators: regulatory role, service role, and supervisory role. The research employed a qualitative research method with techniques of interviews, observation, and documentation of the Transportation Agency, Organda, PO owners, drivers and conductors, as well as passengers at Bungurasih Terminal. The results of the study show that in terms of regulation, the Transportation Agency has established tariff policies and Minimum Service Standards (SPM), but these have not functioned optimally as operational guidelines, as reflected in the low transparency of tariff information and the varying quality of the fleet. In terms of service, although safety inspection procedures and service facilities are available, the quality of safety, comfort, terminal facilities, as well as access to information and complaint mechanisms have not been consistently felt by users. In terms of supervision, tariff compliance control and SPM implementation remain weak and tend to be tolerant of irregularities. The main findings indicate a serious gap between normative standards and field practices, resulting in standards losing their coercive power as quality guarantors. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening the enforcement of standards in a firm and consistent manner, increasing the transparency of service and tariff information, and conducting supervision that is oriented towards tangible results for the community.

This study aims to examine the influence of online reviews and the role of social media on brand loyalty toward MS Glow skincare products in Batam City. The population of this research consists of consumers in Batam City who have purchased and used MS Glow skincare products and have been exposed to online reviews and social media content related to the brand. A total of 204 respondents were selected using the Jacob Cohen sampling approach. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The analysis process included data quality testing, classical assumption tests, effect analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that online reviews contribute 33.7% to brand loyalty, while the role of social media contributes 66.9%. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) reveals that online reviews and social media collectively explain approximately 58.1% of the variance in brand loyalty. The findings from the t-test and F-test demonstrate that both online reviews and social media have a positive and statistically significant effect on brand loyalty, both individually and simultaneously, toward MS Glow skincare products in Batam City.

This study is motivated by the position of traditional music as a cultural element that not only functions aesthetically but also plays an important role in constructing social meaning, symbolism, and collective identity within a community. This article aims to examine the social meaning and function of Tagonggong music in the Tulude tradition of the Sangihe community in Londoun Village as a diaspora community. The research uses a qualitative method with a cultural ethnographic approach through participatory observation, unstructured interviews with traditional elders, Tagonggong players, and community leaders, as well as documentation. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and interpretatively using Alan P. Merriam's theoretical framework on the function of music. The results of the study show that Tagonggong music has a multidimensional function in the Tulude tradition, including symbolic communication, emotional expression, representation of cultural identity, reinforcement of social norms, and social integration and cohesion within the community.Tagonggong not only functions as an accompaniment to ceremonies, but also as a sacred musical instrument that connects the relationship between humans, ancestors, and God, while also marking the space and time of the ceremony. This finding confirms that Tagonggong is a living cultural archive that preserves the collective memory and ethnic identity of the Sangihe community in exile. Implicitly, this research enriches Indonesian ethnomusicology studies by positioning traditional music as an active social text in maintaining the cultural structure and solidarity of the communities that support it.

This study aims to understand the essence and role of the Islamic educational environment according to Hasan Langgulung, and examine its relationship with social media as part of the educational environment in the digital age. This study applies a qualitative approach with a literature study type, sourced from books and scientific articles related to Hasan Langgulung's thoughts, the educational environment, and social media. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, and data analysis used content analysis methods. The research findings indicate that the environment plays an important role in internalizing Islamic values ​​and shaping students' character, while social media has the potential to function as a non-formal educational environment that supports the learning process, the dissemination of Islamic values, and the strengthening of Muslim identity in the digital world. However, social media also presents challenges in the form of the dissemination of inaccurate religious information and the potential for moral degradation. Therefore, the integration of the concept of the Islamic educational environment with social media requires targeted management and the active role of educators and families so that social media remains within the corridor of Islamic educational values ​​and supports the achievement of Islamic educational goals.

The development of Islamic finance in Indonesia shown significant growth as alternative financial system based Islamic principles. Data from Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) shows the number of Hajj savings accounts reached 5.5 million accounts as of November 2024 and increased to 6.33 million in July 2025. This growth reflects the high level of public enthusiasm in preparing for Hajj funds early on through Islamic financial institutions. In various regions of South Sumatra, BSI has become one of the institutions widely used by the public to open Hajj savings accounts due to its service network and ease of access. The village of Pagar Banyu has great potential for increasing the use of Sharia-based Hajj savings, particularly through the dissemination of information about BSI products. Through appropriate outreach activities, the public can understand wadiah contracts, the benefits of hajj savings, and the process of opening an account and registering for a hajj quota. In this context, Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) plays an important role as it is one of the largest Islamic banks. The target audience for this outreach activity is the general public in Pagar Banyu Village, Pagaralam City, South Sumatra Province. This study aims to improve Islamic financial literacy among people Pagar Banyu Village, particularly regarding Hajj savings at BSI, by providing practical understanding of how to open a Hajj savings account, requirements, procedures, and benefits, and encouraging community to start planning for pilgrimage by saving gradually and building awareness of importance of managing finances in accordance with Islamic principles.

Public legal awareness is an important element in realizing an orderly, just, and law-based social life, as it enables citizens to understand and properly carry out their rights and obligations. In Mekarjaya Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency, a low level of public understanding of the hierarchy of laws and regulations is still evident, which has the potential to cause errors in the application of law within families and communities. This condition indicates the need for systematic, contextual, and easily understood legal socialization. This Community Service Program aims to improve the understanding of members of the Paguyuban Istri Peduli regarding the hierarchy of laws and regulations, while strengthening their role as agents for disseminating legal information within the surrounding community. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with a participatory approach through the delivery of materials, interactive discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and joint reflection. Data were collected through direct observation, oral question-and-answer sessions, and participant feedback forms. The results show an increase in participants’ understanding, high levels of participation in discussions, and the ability to relate legal concepts to real conditions. These findings confirm that participatory-based legal socialization is effective in enhancing public legal awareness and encouraging active community involvement at the local level.

This study examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings on firm performance and the moderating role of ESG rating disagreement within the Indonesian capital market. Using a panel dataset of 63 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023 and employing a fixed-effects regression model, the analysis measures firm performance with Tobin’s Q, ESG ratings from Refinitiv Eikon, and ESG rating disagreement as the standard deviation between Refinitiv and Bloomberg scores. The empirical results indicate that ESG ratings do not have a statis-tically significant effect on firm performance, and ESG rating disagreement does not significantly moderate this relationship. These findings suggest that ESG-related information has not yet been fully internalized into firm valuation in Indonesia, with current ESG practices perceived as largely symbolic rather than substantively integrated into corporate strategy. The study concludes that both ESG ratings and rating disagreement fail to serve as effective mechanisms for enhancing firm performance in the Indonesian context, reflecting the early-stage development and compliance-driven nature of ESG adoption in emerging markets.

Taxes are the main source of state revenue and play a vital role in national development and public welfare. However, their effectiveness is highly influenced by the level of transparency and accountability in their management. This study aims to analyze the implementation of transparency and accountability principles in Indonesia’s taxation system, identify the existing forms of transparency inequality, and assess their implications for the principles of good governance. The research employs a qualitative approach through an analysis of various laws, regulations, and recent studies related to tax management. The findings indicate that transparency inequality still occurs in several aspects, such as limited public access to information, uneven implementation of tax digitalization across regions, and a lack of openness in reporting tax incentives. These conditions directly affect government accountability, public trust, and fairness within the national taxation system. Legally, such inequalities contradict the principles of public information disclosure, the justice principle stated in Article 23A of the 1945 Constitution, and the principle of equality before the law. This study recommends strengthening tax transparency regulations, integrating a national digital taxation system, and increasing public participation in fiscal oversight to establish a fair, accountable, and law-based tax governance framework.

English is an international language that plays an important role for students in the era of globalization; however, speaking anxiety or fear of speaking remains a major obstacle in academic practice within higher education institutions. This anxiety emerges as a complex psychological phenomenon involving cognitive, affective, and social aspects, rather than merely an issue of language proficiency. This study examines the problems faced by students, particularly those majoring in non English disciplines, in overcoming speaking anxiety in English academic settings. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving students of PASIM National University who exhibited varying levels of speaking anxiety. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns and themes.The findings indicate that speaking anxiety is caused by fear of making pronunciation and grammatical errors, concern about receiving negative evaluations, limited vocabulary, and a lack of experience in communicating in English. These conditions are further exacerbated by limited opportunities for speaking practice, non-interactive learning methods, and insufficient support from teachers and peers. Students developed adaptive strategies such as relaxation techniques, thorough preparation, positive self-talk, and consistent language practice. To create a safe learning environment in which students can speak English effectively, this study proposes learning strategies that are more inclusive, supportive, and grounded in psychological principles.  

The study aims to measure how human emotional states are affected by music, both in increasing happiness and helping individuals manage sadness, musical characteristics such as tempo, tonality, and lyrics play an important role in shaping listeners' affective responses, where upbeat music with fast tempo and major tonality tends to promote positive moods, while melancholy music with slow tempo and minor tonality is more likely to evoke mood reflective or sad. This study used a pseudo-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design on a group of psychology students of the National University of PASIM, with two songs as a stimulus: "I Love U Bibeh" by The Changcuters and "Jiwa Yang Bersad" by Ghea Indrawati. The measurement instrument was a simple question about the mood of the respondents with a choice of sad or happy. The results showed that the song I Love U Bibeh increased the number of students who reported feeling happy from 30% to 76.7%, while the song Jiwa yang Bersad increased the number of students who reported feelings of sadness from 40% to 63.3%, although some respondents reported catharsis in the form of emotional relief. The discussion emphasized that music has a dual function, namely as a stimulus that is able to change mood as well as a means of regulating emotions through catharsis, with effectiveness that is also influenced by cultural closeness and individual music preferences. The conclusion of this study is that music can be seen as a relevant scientific instrument in supporting students' mental health, strengthening cultural identity, and improving the quality of life, so that the choice of music can be adjusted to emotional needs, both to increase happiness and to help accept and manage sadness.

Honor killing cases often involve a distributed structure of perpetrators between decision-makers, providers of means, and implementers. This collective pattern raises the problem of role attribution in criminal law enforcement, which often shifts toward two problematic tendencies: centralizing responsibility on the executor or expanding criminal responsibility based on family ties. This article aims to formulate a tested role attribution model so that criminal responsibility does not stop at the direct perpetrator and does not develop into association-based punishment. This research uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual approach. Data collection methods were collected using literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The research results formulate a role map of instigator, facilitator, and executor, operationalized through group role attribution based on two axes: causal contribution and normative contribution. The instigator is understood as the driver who shapes the will and locks the decision, the facilitator is understood as an assistant who deliberately provides the opportunity, means, or information. Meanwhile, the executor is someone who carries out the material act, although in terms of position, their actions are not automatically identical to the dominance of the decision. This division of roles is complemented by evidentiary indicators covering communication, financing, provision of facilities, field control, and post-incident intimidation, along with negative criteria to prevent inferences based on blood relations or passive presence. This model provides a more measurable standard of attribution for investigation, prosecution, and sentencing in collective honor killing cases.

The advancement of digital technology has led to the extensive adoption of social media by teenagers. Social media has become a means of communication, entertainment, and an easily accessible source of information, but its use also has various impacts on adolescent mental health. This study aims to examine the influence of social media on adolescent mental health through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review, reviewing various scientific journals, books, and academic articles relevant to the topic of social media and adolescent mental health. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to identify patterns of findings and trends in previous research. The findings of the research show that social media usage has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the mental health of adolescents. On the positive side, social media also can be means of self-expression, expanding social networks, and obtaining emotional support. However, excessive and uncontrolled social media use possesses the ability to create adverse effects, such as increased anxiety, stress, depression, low self-confidence, and impaired self-image due to social comparison. Furthermore, exposure to negative content, cyberbullying, and pressure to gain social approval also contribute to the decline in adolescent psychological well-being. The duration of use, the type of platform, and adolescents' ability to manage emotions and time also influence the level of perceived impact. Therefore, the active role of parents, educators, and the social environment is needed to provide guidance and digital literacy education so that teenagers can utilize social media sensibly. Through effective management, it is anticipated that social media can be used constructively while prioritizing adolescent mental health.

This study analyzes the stage identity practices of the dangdut music group Sri Mules as a  cultural branding strategy in Pantura dangdut performances. In contrast to common dangdut performance patterns that position the singer as the primary visual focus, Sri Mules adopts a performative approach that foregrounds accompanying musicians as the main visual actors through the use of unconventional costumes and collective stage actions. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study strategy, this research draws on visual documentation of performances circulated on social media during the group’s active phase (2020–2021), complemented by semi-structured interviews and reflective observations. Data were analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman, informed by performance theory (Schechner) and the concept of cultural branding (Holt). The findings indicate that Sri Mules’ stage identity is constructed and reproduced through consistent visual deviation and collective performativity, functioning as a strategy of symbolic differentiation in the Pantura dangdut performance landscape. This study highlights the role of accompanying musicians as active agents in shaping the visual identity of dangdut performances.

This study was motivated by the role of liturgical music as the primary medium of spiritual expression in Pentecostal worship, which is characterised by expressiveness and participation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the presentation of liturgical music and examine how it shapes and represents the spiritual expression of the congregation in the worship services of the Indonesian Bethel Church (GBI) Light Corner in Gorontalo City. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-interpretative design. Data were obtained through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with worship leaders and congregants, and audio-visual documentation. Data analysis was conducted thematically with reference to musicology, liturgical theology, and cultural studies perspectives. The results of the study show that liturgical music at GBI Light Corner is presented in a structured yet flexible manner, combining contemporary music with conscious liturgical planning. Music serves as a medium for creating a sacred atmosphere, binding the structure of worship, and as the main means of expressing the spirituality of the congregation both personally and communally. These findings indicate that liturgical music not only reflects the spirituality of the congregation but also actively shapes the experience of faith in the context of the local Pentecostal Church. This research has implications for the development of contextual, theological, and reflective liturgical music practices in church life.

The development of molecular biology has significantly transformed clinical laboratory diagnostics, particularly through DNA analysis. One of the most widely used techniques is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a DNA amplification method capable of rapidly, sensitively, and accurately multiplying specific genetic fragments. PCR has become an essential diagnostic tool for detecting infectious, genetic, and malignant diseases, even at early stages when the amount of target DNA is minimal. This article aims to analyze the role of PCR in DNA analysis as a diagnostic tool in clinical laboratories, including its working principles, advantages, and relevance in modern clinical practice. This study employs a literature review approach by examining various scientific sources such as international journals and molecular biology textbooks. The findings indicate that PCR offers high sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional methods, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and accelerating appropriate therapeutic decisions. Therefore, PCR represents a crucial innovation in clinical laboratory diagnostics that significantly contributes to improving healthcare quality.

This article explores inconsistencies in employee performance within small, project-oriented service sectors, where quality depends on daily tasks, punctuality, and adherence to procedures. Since skill development relies largely on informal workplace learning, differences in worker competencies often lead to rework, customer complaints, and safety issues. The study investigates how skills and competencies affect employee performance, illustrating how individual abilities translate into observable performance through the ability–motivation–opportunity (AMO) framework and experience-based learning. A qualitative case study at Rajasa Teknik included interviews and observations to examine project coordination, quality standards, and supervision practices. Results indicate that competencies and skills primarily influence ability, but sustained motivation- driven by realistic goals and fair feedback- along with ample opportunities such as smooth material flow, clear roles, and on-site decision support, enhance performance. The findings underline the importance of a cohesive work system (task division, quality control, communication), a consistent safety culture (K3), and straightforward, repetitive HR practices that facilitate tacit knowledge transfer into routines. Improvements suggested involve mapping core competencies, brief mentoring sessions, quality-focused standards, and evaluation systems to minimise service variation and promote sustainable performance in similar businesses. Overall, this research broadens the understanding of performance management in small enterprises and offers practical guidance for interventions.

Adolescent mental health is an important aspect in human resource development because it affects learning ability, social relationships, and readiness to face adult life. Adolescence, especially at the junior high school level, is a transitional period that is prone to mental and emotional disorders due to biological, psychological, and social changes that occur simultaneously. This study aims to describe the mental health condition of adolescents using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) instrument in students of SMPN 3 Ubud, Gianyar Regency. The study used a descriptive design with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique was carried out in total sampling with a total of 117 students. The research instrument is in the form of an SRQ-20 questionnaire that has been proven to be valid and reliable. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to describe the distribution of symptoms and mental health categories of respondents. The results showed that most students were in the category of good mental health, although there were still a number of students with poor conditions. The most common symptoms are easy to feel tired and difficulty in making decisions. Based on the characteristics of respondents, students aged 13–15 years are more likely to experience poor mental health conditions than 11-13 years old, and the proportion of female students is higher than men in experiencing symptoms of mental emotional disorders. These findings affirm the importance of early detection of adolescent mental health in schools as the basis for promotive and preventive interventions, through optimizing the role of counseling guidance and creating a supportive school environment.

This community service was carried out in Margaluyu Village, Kasemen District, Serang City. This community service program was prepared based on the problem of increasing the amount of household plastic waste in Margaluyu Village which until now has not been managed optimally. As an innovative effort in handling this problem, the community service team held a training activity on making wind hole breeze breeze blocks using mixed materials in the form of shredded plastic and silica sand. This community service program not only focuses on efforts to reduce the level of environmental pollution, but also directs inorganic waste to be processed into building materials that have aesthetic value as well as high benefits for local residents. The activity was carried out with a focus on strengthening the role of youth groups and fathers as the main drivers of the creative economy at the village level. In the demonstration session, participants were invited to directly practice steps ranging from plastic sorting, the enumeration process, to roster printing techniques that require high precision. In addition, the team also provided technical assistance and simulations of production cost calculations so that participants understood the potential economic value of the product. Participatory discussions were conducted to explore field challenges, while the final evaluation showed an improvement in the participants' skills and environmental awareness.