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Given the important objectives that banks strive to achieve through financial stability and their role in ensuring its continuity and ability to face various economic challenges, many have expanded their policies beyond their traditional functions by adopting a range of additional practices and activities that contribute to strengthening their developmental role in society. Among the most prominent of these practices are corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, which have become a crucial aspect of the work of contemporary financial institutions. In this context, this research highlights CSR practices in banks. It relied on a sample of nine Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which are characterized by their continued banking operations and regular publication of their annual financial reports. The research period was set from 2014 to 2023, and included a set of statistical tests that incorporated a number of financial determinants as control variables to determine their contribution to enhancing the impact of CSR when included alongside it, and to define the nature of the relationship between the research variables. We have reached a number of conclusions, most notably that when regulatory variables are included in the analysis model, this effect becomes statistically insignificant, which indicates that banks’ interest in internal financial factors still outweighs their interest in social aspects.

The article entitled “Gender Construction and Representation of Social Actors in the Drama Lutung Kasarung: A Critical Discourse Analysis by Theo van Leeuwen” aims to describe the representation of gender-based social actors through inclusion and exclusion strategies and to reveal the construction of gender ideology built in the drama text. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. The research data source is the drama text Lutung Kasarung, while the analysis unit includes dialogue, narrative, and the depiction of characters who represent gender-based social actors. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation by reading, identifying, and grouping data according to Theo van Leeuwen's analysis categories. The results of the study show that the inclusion strategy is more dominantly used to present male characters as strong, rational figures, and have authority in determining the course of the story. In contrast, female characters are represented in two patterns, namely the ideal passive woman and the dominant woman who is constructed negatively. In addition, the exclusion strategy is used to obscure the role of women in decision-making, thereby reinforcing gender marginalization. This study concludes that the drama Lutung Kasarung represents patriarchal ideology through discourse practices that shape power relations between men and women.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the performance of Posyandu cadres in stunting prevention efforts in Kepudibener Village, Turi District, Lamongan Regency. The main problems faced by the community include low health literacy, suboptimal utilization of Posyandu, and limited capacity of cadres in providing health education. The implementation method uses a participatory and educational approach through the stages of observation, cadre training, health education, mentoring, and program evaluation. The results of the activity show an increase in the knowledge and skills of Posyandu cadres in monitoring child growth and development and nutrition education, increased community participation in Posyandu activities, and an increase in understanding of mothers of toddlers regarding stunting prevention. This program is also able to strengthen the role of cadres as agents of change in raising community awareness of the importance of family health. Thus, improving the performance of Posyandu cadres has proven effective in supporting community-based stunting prevention efforts. Sustainability of the program through ongoing training and mentoring is essential to maintain the positive impacts that have been achieved.

This study aims to analyze the relevance of Robert Raikes' Christian educational thinking to the character formation of children in contemporary Sunday School services. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. Data were obtained from various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and research articles related to Christian education, character education, and the history of Sunday School development. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of data reduction, grouping themes, interpretation, and drawing conclusions using descriptive qualitative methods. The results show that Robert Raikes' thoughts remain relevant in modern Christian education, especially in the formation of children's character through the teaching of God's Word, discipline, role models, and the instilling of Christian values. Sunday School plays an important role as a means of fostering faith, morality, and social responsibility in children from an early age. In addition, the challenges of the digital era require churches to develop more creative, interactive, and contextual learning methods without abandoning the basic values ​​of the Christian faith. This study confirms that the success of children's character formation depends not only on the church, but also on the role of Sunday School teachers and families who work together to build a conducive spiritual environment. Thus, Robert Raikes' thinking makes an important contribution to the development of Christian education that is relevant in the modern era.

To address the negative impacts of teenage romantic relationships on peer dynamics and academic achievement at SMP Negeri 5 Sipahutar, school authorities implemented a regulation prohibiting dating, in line with Pancasila character education principles. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of this policy on fostering positive social behavior among ninth-grade students. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach and involved 81 students as respondents. Data were collected using a four-level multiple-choice agreement questionnaire consisting of ten items. The analysis results showed a total score of 2707, a mean score of 33.42, a standard deviation of 4.8, and an average scale score of 3.34. The findings revealed that 78.2% of students agreed that the regulation encouraged peer cooperation, improved discipline in obeying school rules, and supported effective group learning. In addition, the policy appeared to contribute to a more positive school environment by reducing distractions associated with adolescent dating behavior. These findings indicate that school-based regulations can play an important role in shaping adolescent character and social behavior based on national values. Therefore, such policies may serve as an effective preventive strategy for educational institutions that aim to strengthen character education and promote responsible student conduct.

The Tandak Timang tradition in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District, plays an important role in fostering the faith of children aged 1-5 years, which is carried out by parents. From an early age, children are introduced to faith values through Tandak Timang verses that contain advice, prayers, and praise to God. This study aims to (1) describe the role of parents in fostering the faith of children aged 1-5 years through the Tandak Timang tradition in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District; and (2) describe the values implemented by parents for children aged 1-5 years in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District. The research used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation.The results show that Tandak Timang plays a significant role in shaping children's spiritual foundation. Parents' roles are manifested through daily practices, such as singing, storytelling, and rocking children while chanting verses in the Dayak Ngaju language. This practice not only builds strong emotional bonds but also serves as an effective medium for instilling noble values. These values include cultural values, moral and ethical values, ancestral values, and spiritual values that teach children about the importance of prayer and hope in God.The conclusion of this study is that parents act not only as cultural inheritors but also as educators, role models, and facilitators. They utilize intimate moments when putting children to sleep—through singing, storytelling, and rocking—to instill faith values. The strong physical and emotional interaction builds a solid bond, making it easier for children to accept and internalize a deep understanding of the teachings conveyed. The Tandak Timang tradition is rich in noble values that serve as the foundation for faith formation. These values include cultural values, moral and ethical values, ancestral values, and spiritual values. The suggestions put forward are that parents should further understand the meaning of Tandak Timang for fostering children's faith from an early age, and pass on and preserve the character of children through this Central Kalimantan Dayak culture. For subsequent researchers conducting similar studies, it is recommended to develop the research objectives and focus more specifically on the research topics.

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children aged 0–18 years worldwide. Appropriate treatment is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and preventing complications and antibiotic resistance. This literature review aims to analyze treatment options for pneumonia in pediatric patients based on articles published in PubMed from 2024 to 2025. The method used involved searching for articles with the keywords “(Case Reports) AND (pneumonia) AND (in children)” using filters for free full text, case reports, English language, human subjects, and the 0–18-year-old age group. Of the 71 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria. The review results indicate that pneumonia treatment in children is dominated by the use of antibiotics and supportive care. In cases of severe pneumonia and necrotizing pneumonia, intensive antimicrobial therapy, close monitoring, and management of complications are required. Modern diagnostic tests such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), rapid syndromic arrays, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) help identify pathogens more quickly and accurately, thereby allowing for more targeted therapy. Additionally, corticosteroids and immunoglobulins are used as adjunctive therapies in cases of severe inflammation. Accurate diagnosis and individualized therapy selection play a crucial role in improving clinical outcomes for pediatric pneumonia patients. 

Flooding is one of the most common hydrometeorological disasters that significantly affects community life and governmental administration. Post-disaster management requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders through a collaborative approach to accelerate rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts. This study aims to analyze the humanitarian mission carried out by cadets of the Institute of Public Administration (IPDN) in post-flood management in Aceh Tamiang Regency using the Collaborative Governance framework developed by Ansell and Gash (2008). The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through document analysis, including activity reports, photographic documentation, official publications from the Ministry of Home Affairs, IPDN, local governments, and other supporting documents. Data analysis was conducted through coding, categorizing, and thematizing processes, which were subsequently interpreted based on the dimensions of Collaborative Governance. The findings indicate that the involvement of IPDN cadets represents an effective practice of collaborative governance. In the starting conditions dimension, collaboration was driven by the urgent need for rehabilitation and the limited resources available to the local government. The facilitative leadership dimension was reflected in the roles of the Ministry of Home Affairs, local governments, and the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in facilitating coordination among stakeholders. Furthermore, institutional design was manifested through clear task allocation and coordination mechanisms, while the collaborative process was characterized by dialogue, trust, commitment, and shared understanding in supporting post-disaster recovery.

This study examines the role of extension agents in supporting the success of beef cattle farmer groups in Tabongo District, Gorontalo Regency. The success of farmer groups is influenced not only by livestock potential, but also by the effectiveness of extension services, institutional capacity, and farmers’ willingness to adopt improved farming practices. Using an explanatory approach, the study collected primary data from 50 members of beef cattle farmer groups across nine villages through a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The descriptive findings show that extension agents performed well as educators, facilitators, motivators, dynamizers, and catalysts. However, the catalyst role was excluded from the regression model because its indicators were invalid. Partially, only the motivator role had a significant effect on group success, with a coefficient of 1.683, t-value of 4.758, and significance value of 0.000. The educator, facilitator, and dynamizer roles showed positive but insignificant effects. Simultaneously, the roles of extension agents significantly influenced group success, with an F-value of 9.474 and significance value of 0.000. The R Square value of 0.457 indicates that extension agents explained 45.7% of group success.

Women who simultaneously assume dual roles as employees and household managers face complex social and structural pressures, particularly in urban areas such as Dago Subdistrict, Bandung City. Spousal social support serves as a crucial factor in sustaining the continuity of these dual roles. This study aims to identify the forms and intensity of social support provided by husbands to their wives within the context of dual-role management. A descriptive survey was conducted involving 50 married working women, selected through a two-stage cluster random sampling technique across five neighborhood units (RW), complemented by in-depth interviews with five husband–wife pairs using purposive sampling. The findings indicate that most husbands provide a high level of social support, encompassing emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal dimensions. Such support plays a significant role in reducing role conflict, strengthening psychological resilience, and enhancing women’s adaptive capacity in balancing domestic and public responsibilities. In conclusion, the active involvement of husbands reflects a shift toward a more egalitarian household partnership model, contributing to well-being and fostering family resilience.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of public service ethics by front office officers at the Public Service Mall (Mall Pelayanan Publik/MPP) of Samarinda City and its impact on the image of government institutions. As the frontline of public service delivery, front office personnel play a strategic role in shaping public perceptions and fostering public trust in government services. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with a functional licensing officer at the Department of Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services (DPMPTSP) of Samarinda City, supported by direct field observations. The findings reveal that the implementation of service ethics at the Samarinda MPP is guided by the principles outlined in Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Services and the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Regulation No. 15 of 2014 concerning Service Standards. These regulations emphasize the values of integrity, professionalism, accountability, responsiveness, and inclusiveness in service delivery. Furthermore, effective coordination among service tenants, continuous improvement of employee competencies, and adaptation to digital systems such as the Online Single Submission (OSS) platform have contributed significantly to maintaining service quality. The study concludes that the consistent application of public service ethics enhances citizen satisfaction, strengthens public trust, and positively influences the image of government institutions in the community.  

Effective communication is an important element in the early childhood learning process because it plays a significant role in children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development. This study aims to determine the influence of teachers’ roles in developing effective communication among early childhood children aged 4–5 years at TK Damhil, Kota Selatan, Gorontalo Province. The research used a quantitative method with a descriptive research design. The research subjects consisted of 5 children aged 4–5 years selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation of children’s communication activities during the learning process. The results showed that the teacher’s role is very important in building effective communication through the use of simple language, responsive attitudes, active listening skills, and the use of verbal and nonverbal communication that is appropriate to children’s developmental characteristics. The implementation of effective communication was proven to improve children’s self-confidence, social interaction skills, and readiness to face formal education. Therefore, effective communication applied by teachers provides a positive contribution to optimizing early childhood development.

Technological developments have led to a shift from traditional sales promotion to digital sales promotion. A new phenomenon has emerged, namely the integration of social media platforms and e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of sales promotion and positive emotions on impulsive buying, as well as the mediating role of positive emotions on TikTok Shop users in Denpasar. The results of this study were obtained using the SEM-PLS method. The results of this study indicate that positive emotions and sales promotions have a significant influence on impulsive purchasing of products on TikTok Shop, sales promotions have a significant influence on positive emotions when purchasing products on TikTok Shop, and positive emotions can mediate the influence of sales promotions on impulsive purchasing of products on TikTok Shop.  

Saparan Tradition is one of the cultural traditions that is still preserved by the people of Dusun Krangkeng. This tradition functions not only as an annual customary ritual but also as a medium for instilling character values in the younger generation. This study aims to describe the forms of preservation of the Saparan Tradition and to identify the character values embedded within it. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included community leaders, traditional leaders, religious leaders, and young people involved in the Saparan Tradition. The results show that the preservation of the Saparan Tradition is carried out through active community involvement in every stage of the activities, from preparation and the main event to the closing ceremony. This tradition embodies strong character values, including harmony, mutual cooperation, religiosity, responsibility, and love for local culture. These values are directly instilled through social practices and the active participation of the younger generation in traditional activities. Thus, the Saparan Tradition plays a strategic role as a means of character education based on local culture, which remains relevant in facing the challenges of modernization. Preserving this tradition is essential to maintaining cultural identity while strengthening the character of the younger generation

This study was motivated by the phenomenon of increasing anti-feminism and digital misogyny in Germany, where constitutionally guaranteed equality has suffered a practical setback in the form of a decline in female representation in the Bundestag to 32,4%. This situation has triggered an urgent need for persuasive communication through state addresses. This study aims to analyze the emotional rhetoric (pathos) and intonation strategies in the Ansprache zum Welt-Frauentag in order to raise audience awareness. The method used is a mixed method of qualitative analysis of rhetoric by Aristoteles (2007) and quantitative digital acoustic analysis using Praat software supported theory by Kohler (1995). The data for this analysis are transcripts and audio recordings of the Ansprache zum Welt-Frauentag delivered by Bundespräsident Steinmeier. The results of the study identified three typologies of relationships between diction and intonation, namely contradiction, in which emotional diction is delivered in a flat tone to maintain objectivity; compensation, in which neutral legal references are given emotional weight through a rise in tone (late peak); and parallelism, which is the harmony between emotional diction and the highest voice frequency to build strong authority. Thus, this study confirms that the effectiveness of persuasion in a speech does not only depend on the text, but also on the flexibility of manipulating voice frequency, which strategically functions as an instrument for navigating the audience’s emotions.

This study aims to examine flood disaster mitigation efforts carried out by the Regional Disaster Management Agency in Sukamakmur Village, Karawang Regency. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. The theory used in this study is the Strategy Theory proposed by James Brian Quinn (2003:10), which consists of three dimensions: objectives, policies, and programs. The study identifies problems related to flood disasters that occur almost every year in Sukamakmur Village. To address these issues, it is necessary to analyze the mitigation efforts implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), as well as the related policies and programs concerning flood disasters. The findings show that the objective of disaster mitigation is directed toward improving community preparedness and capacity in dealing with flood risks. Mitigation policies are implemented through strengthening community capacity based on non-structural mitigation, such as the establishment of Disaster Resilient Villages (DESTANA), village disaster volunteers, and disaster risk assessments. The mitigation programs carried out include disaster awareness socialization, mitigation training, and dissemination of daily weather information. In its implementation, BPBD also coordinates with the village government, sub-district task forces, and the River Basin Management Agency (BBWS). These mitigation programs have had a positive impact on increasing community knowledge, preparedness, and participation, although there are still obstacles in the form of limited budgets, infrastructure, human resources, and suboptimal cross-sector coordination. The contribution of this research is to provide additional insight and new information regarding the role of the Regional Disaster Management Agency in flood disaster mitigation.

Librarians, as information specialists, play a vital role in managing and providing access to digital libraries. Despite the availability of digital information through repositories and digital libraries, a gap remains between users and their effective utilization. This underscores the importance of librarians in facilitating access and supporting users. This study analyzes the role, competencies, and challenges faced by librarians at the UPA Library of the University of Bengkulu in the digital knowledge ecosystem. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with four librarians and two users, direct observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that librarians act as information specialists by providing access through the OPAC system, repositories, digital libraries, e-journals, Springer Digital References, Instagram, and the library website. They evaluate and ensure credible digital information sources, preserve and back up collections, and assist users in information searches. However, librarians face challenges such as budget constraints, low user awareness, limited human resources, network issues, restricted access, and inadequate collections. These findings contribute to understanding the role of librarians as information specialists.

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) in the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges for the Islamic economic system. This study aims to analyze the concept of Islamic fintech, its role in digital economic transformation, and its legal review from the perspective of Islamic economic law (fiqh muamalah). Using a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, this research examines various fintech models operating on sharia principles—including Islamic peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, digital Islamic crowdfunding, sharia payment gateways, and Islamic robo-advisory—and reviews their compliance with the principles of prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), maysir (gambling), and the requirement of maslahah (public benefit). The results indicate that: (1) Islamic fintech represents a legitimate financial innovation insofar as it adheres to the principles of sharia; (2) the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) fatwas, particularly No. 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 on Information Technology-Based Financing Services, provide a regulatory framework but require continuous updating to keep pace with technological developments; (3) Islamic fintech contributes significantly to financial inclusion, particularly for unbanked communities in Indonesia; and (4) challenges related to sharia compliance, data governance, and regulatory harmonization remain critical issues requiring the joint attention of regulators, sharia scholars, and technology practitioners. This study contributes to the development of Islamic economic law theory in the context of digital transformation and provides practical recommendations for Islamic fintech stakeholders.

The growth of e-commerce has made online marketplaces a major channel for purchasing fashion products, yet it has also increased consumer concerns about counterfeit goods, especially in shoes and sneakers. This study examines the role of Shopee Mall Signal Perception in increasing Purchase Intention for original shoes among Gen Z consumers by considering the mediating roles of Perceived Shopping Security and Decision Convenience. A quantitative explanatory approach was used, involving 239 Gen Z Shopee users in Indonesia selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS. The findings show that Shopee Mall Signal Perception positively affects Perceived Shopping Security (β = 0.430), Perceived Shopping Security improves Decision Convenience (β = 0.399), and Decision Convenience increases Purchase Intention (β = 0.359). Shopee Mall Signal Perception also has a direct effect on Purchase Intention (β = 0.182), while the serial mediation effect through Perceived Shopping Security and Decision Convenience is significant (β = 0.062). These findings imply that marketplace labels can function as authenticity signals that reduce uncertainty, simplify consumer decisions, and strengthen confidence in purchasing original products online.

This study aims to examine the effect of Employee Digital Wellness (EDW) on Work Engagement (WE) among administration and digital marketing employees in startup companies implementing hybrid working, and to explore the moderating role of Organizational Support for Wellbeing (OSW). Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire from 160 purposive-sampled respondents. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.1.1.7. The findings indicate that EDW positively and significantly affects WE (β=0.621; t=8.943; p<0.001), confirming that employees who manage digital technology usage effectively tend to be more energetic, dedicated, and fully engaged in their work. In addition, OSW also positively influences WE (β=0.412; t=5.672; p<0.001), demonstrating that tangible organizational support in the form of wellbeing policies, flexible work arrangements, and mental health programs enhances work engagement. Moreover, OSW moderates the EDW → WE relationship (β=0.173; t=2.713; p=0.007), indicating that the positive effect of digital wellness on engagement is stronger when organizational support is sufficient. These findings highlight the importance of both personal management of digital wellness and consistent organizational wellbeing policies. Practically, organizations are advised to provide digital wellbeing programs, flexible working arrangements, and managerial support to maximize employee engagement, particularly in hybrid working contexts.