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ABSTRACT Family dynamics such as prolonged conflicts, the existence of domestic violence, divorce, and the absence of one parent figure in the family, have become international issues. Children are often victims of parental problems. Parents often vent their emotions to their children in the form of verbal and non-verbal violence. There are still many parents who think that educating children with violence is a way to discipline children. In this study, the approach method applied is a normative juridical approach by examining data obtained from books, journals, the internet, laws and regulations, or scientific papers related to this writing. Based on the results of the study, we know that by 2025, Indonesia will have recorded 2,416 cases of violence committed by parents, based on data that occurred during the official SIMFONI-PPA period.  Children have the right to be able to live a prosperous life and be guaranteed their growth and development in the future. But in practice, parents are still very irresponsible for it. In overcoming these problems, the Indonesian government and the international community have made efforts with regulations and institutions related to the protection of children's rights. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study emphasizes the importance of improving the protection of children's rights in family dynamics based on the framework of Indonesian and International Law.   Keywords: family dynamics, protection of children's rights, challenges and obstacles.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Ngawi Nomor 13 Tahun 2019 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Petani serta mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat pelaksanaannya dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris yang mengkaji hukum tidak hanya sebagai norma tertulis, tetapi juga sebagai praktik pelaksanaannya dalam masyarakat. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan aparatur Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Pertanian Kabupaten Ngawi, penyuluh pertanian, serta petani. Selain itu, penelitian juga menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal ilmiah, serta dokumen resmi pemerintah daerah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan membandingkan ketentuan hukum dengan kondisi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan telah dilaksanakan melalui beberapa program perlindungan dan pemberdayaan petani, seperti bantuan sarana produksi berupa benih unggul, pupuk bersubsidi, alat dan mesin pertanian, pelaksanaan program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi, perlindungan sosial melalui BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana pertanian, serta kegiatan pelatihan dan penyuluhan bagi petani. Namun pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut masih menghadapi beberapa hambatan, antara lain belum diterbitkannya Peraturan Bupati sebagai regulasi turunan, keterbatasan anggaran daerah, rendahnya partisipasi petani, serta koordinasi antarinstansi yang belum optimal sehingga pelaksanaan kebijakan belum berjalan secara maksimal dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan daerah.

Adoption is an act of adopting a child which, according to legal regulations, transfers the rights and responsibilities of the child from their biological parents to their adoptive parents. This study aims to examine the legal framework governing the legal determination of adopted children. This research was conducted using a juridical-normative research approach. This study focuses on reviewing the status of an adopted child, including their position in obtaining inheritance rights, using a review of the Civil Code and other applicable regulations. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, the position or status of a child adopted by adoptive parents has a legal status if it is carried out through applicable legal procedures, which means that the child has equal rights to biological children. This research is expected to contribute to providing references for firmness in family law that is more certain and does not harm any party.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has led to the emergence of various forms of digital-based crimes, including the dissemination of electronic information containing online gambling content through social media. This situation poses challenges for criminal law enforcement, as the parties involved are not limited to gambling operators but also include individuals who promote and facilitate access to online gambling platforms. This study aims to examine criminal liability for perpetrators who disseminate electronic information containing gambling content and to analyze judicial considerations in sentencing, referring to the Decision of the Tanjung Karang District Court Number 823/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Tjk. The method used is normative juridical research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through literature studies of relevant regulations, criminal law doctrines, and court decisions, and then analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The results show that the elements of criminal liability are fulfilled, including the existence of a criminal act, intent, capacity to be responsible, and the absence of grounds that eliminate criminal liability. Furthermore, the panel of judges’ considerations reflect a balanced assessment between juridical and non-juridical aspects, resulting in a decision that embodies legal certainty, justice, and utility. This study is expected to contribute to the development of criminal law, particularly in addressing online gambling crimes in the digital space.

The revocation of business licenses by the President of the Republic of Indonesia against 28 companies proven to have violated forest utilization regulations signifies a shift in environmental law enforcement from a predominantly punitive criminal approach to preventive administrative measures. This article aims to analyze the legal basis of the President’s authority to revoke business licenses related to natural resource utilization, to position license revocation as an instrument of environmental law enforcement within Indonesia’s legal system, and to assess its implications for environmental protection and legal certainty for business actors. This study employs a normative juridical research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that Presidential license revocation possesses juridical legitimacy within the framework of the rule of law and environmental and forestry legislation. Nevertheless, the implementation of such a policy requires clear administrative procedural standards to ensure legal certainty and to prevent potential abuse of power. This article concludes that license revocation can function as an effective environmental law enforcement instrument provided that it is accompanied by adequate oversight mechanisms and due process of law.

Public service performance serves as a crucial measure of how effectively government agencies provide services to the public. Rising expectations from the public compel governments to ensure that services are delivered in an efficient, open, responsible, and responsive manner. Within the realm of public administration reform, the standard of public services has emerged as a key issue for governments looking to enhance public confidence and governance. The Indonesian government has created the Public Service Index (Indeks Pelayanan Publik/IPP) as a tool to assess the performance of public services. The IPP functions as an all-encompassing measurement system to evaluate the quality, efficiency, and responsibility associated with public service provision across government entities. This research intends to explore the definition of public service performance, the legal framework that regulates public services in Indonesia, and the metrics employed for calculating the Public Service Index. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method and a literature review approach, evaluating various pertinent books, regulations, and scholarly articles concentrating on public service management and performance evaluation. The results indicate that the Public Service Index plays a vital role in assessing service quality, institutional effectiveness, and the degree of public satisfaction. Additionally, the application of the IPP measurements fosters transparency, bolsters accountability, and encourages ongoing enhancements in public service delivery. Therefore, enhancing public service performance necessitates robust regulatory backing, institutional dedication, and the utilization of clear and quantifiable performance metrics to guarantee enduring improvements in service quality.

This study analyzes law enforcement related to the application of the death penalty with a ten-year probation period as stipulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). The results of the study show that the enforcement of the conditional death penalty is carried out in three stages, namely the formulation, application, and implementation stages. The formulation stage is reflected in the establishment of the death penalty as a special alternative and conditional punishment in Law Number 1 of 2023, the application stage is carried out through the application of norms by law enforcement officials, while the implementation stage relates to the execution of court decisions against convicts. The change in the construction of the death penalty from an absolute primary punishment to an alternative and special conditional punishment has fundamental legal implications for the criminal justice system in Indonesia, especially with the existence of discretion for judges and law enforcement officials to assess the possibility of changing the type of punishment based on the convicted person's remorse and efforts to reform themselves during the probation period.

The application of social interaction in social life in society is not always harmonious. What happened is a difference in thoughts, opinions, and desires between one person and another. This difference became the origin of dispute or conflict in society. This ultimately encouraged those who started out modern-minded to develop dispute resolution mechanisms from their simplest form to what is now called the judicial system, which refers to positive law and social norms or rules. By using normative juridical research methods, namely research through a case approach, because this study aims to determine the efforts to resolve and legal consequences in the Tuban District Court Decision No. 22/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Tbn which is associated with applicable legal regulations and theories. In principle, the conciliation process can only proceed if the parties of the conflict act in good faith. The agreement reached is actually the result of mutual agreement, so that the deed of peace has the same legal force as a court decision (verdict) that is final and binding, and all legal remedies against permanently binding conciliation decisions/notices have ended.

The reform of Indonesia’s criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) marks a fundamental shift in the national criminal justice system, particularly through the formal recognition of the living law as law that lives within society. This article analyzes the correlation between living law and the principle of legality within the context of national criminal law reform. The study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to examine how the 2023 Criminal Code seeks to balance legal certainty with substantive justice. The findings indicate that the regulation of the principle of legality in Article 1 of the KUHP remains the primary foundation for ensuring the protection of individual rights and preventing arbitrary state actions. However, the recognition of living law under Article 2 of the KUHP expands the sources of criminal law beyond written statutes to include social values living within the community, insofar as they are consistent with Pancasila, general legal principles, and human rights. The relationship between the principle of legality and living law in the 2023 KUHP is not antagonistic but rather complementary and harmonious. Living law enriches the legality principle substantively through moral and social justice dimensions, while the legality principle serves as a normative safeguard to maintain legal certainty and prevent the abuse of power. Therefore, the integration of both principles reflects a new paradigm of Indonesian criminal law that is pluralistic, just, and civilized, reaffirming the nation’s legal politics grounded in Pancasila values and the principles of a democratic rule of law.

Phishing is a form of cybercrime that has experienced a significant increase in frequency within Indonesia. This fraudulent practice aims to deceive victims into surrendering personal data or sensitive financial information by impersonating trusted institutions. Such crimes result in substantial losses for both individuals and the business sector, particularly concerning personal data protection and digital transaction security. This research aims to analyze the legal regulations and the role of supervisory institutions in addressing phishing threats in Indonesia using a normative legal research method. The legal analysis encompasses the implementation of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), specifically Article 28, paragraph (1), and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU No. 27 of 2022), which serves as the primary foundation for privacy rights. Furthermore, this study examines the Consumer Protection Law and the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) as enforcement instruments. The strategic roles of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) are also discussed in the context of risk mitigation within the financial sector. The findings indicate that law enforcement effectiveness is still hindered by low digital literacy, limited forensic technology infrastructure, and jurisdictional challenges in tracking cross-border perpetrators. Consequently, a synergy between regulatory strengthening, international collaboration, and massive public education is required to comprehensively suppress these cybercriminal activities.

Limited understanding of inheritance law and village financial management among village officials remains a significant issue that may trigger social conflict and weaken village governance effectiveness. This community service program aims to strengthen the capacity of village officials through inheritance law socialization and assistance in village financial management. The activity employed a descriptive method with a participatory approach. Implementation was carried out through structured socialization sessions, interactive discussions, and direct technical assistance adjusted to village administrative practices. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, and pre-and post-activity evaluations to measure participants’ understanding. The results demonstrate an improvement in village officials’ knowledge of basic inheritance law principles and their awareness of transparent, accountable, and regulation-based village financial management. Furthermore, the program enhanced officials’ understanding of their strategic role in addressing community legal issues and supporting good village governance. Overall, this activity contributes to improving the professionalism and accountability of village administration in delivering community-oriented public services.

The practice of independent nursing by nurses is a form of professional health services that require assurance of certainty and legal protection, especially after the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health (Health Law) which integrates various health regulations. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for nurses in independent practice and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for this legal protection. Problem formulation, 1) What is the form of legal protection for nurses who provide independent nursing practice services, 2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors for legal protection for nurses who provide independent nursing practice. The research method used is normative legal research with a qualitative approach, sourced from secondary data in the form of laws and regulations and related legal literature. The results of the study show that the form of legal protection for nurses includes legality guarantees through STR and SIPP, compliance with professional standards and SPO, and the function of medical records as authentic evidence. The main supporting factors include the existence of a clear legal umbrella and nurses' compliance with regulations, while the inhibiting factors involve illegal practices (without permission), negligence in documentation, and ambiguity of authority. Conclusion: Legal protection for Nurse Practitioners in independent nursing practice is conditional and highly dependent on nurses' compliance with applicable legal norms and professional standards. Compliance with licensing, practice standards, and accurate documentation is the main key in optimizing the guarantee of legal protection.

Copyright is an exclusive right granted to creators to protect their intellectual works. The importance of copyright protection has increased with advances in digital technology and the widespread use of social media as a means of content distribution. Digital platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and various other streaming services facilitate the distribution of digital works, but also give rise to problems such as piracy and the use of works without the permission of the copyright owner. This digital piracy can result in economic and moral losses for creators. This study aims to analyze the application of copyright in the context of social media and examine the legal regulations governing copyright protection to address digital piracy in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that legal protection for digital works is regulated by Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and is strengthened by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. These two regulations provide a legal basis for protecting the moral and economic rights of creators and authorize the government to block access to content that infringes copyright. These regulations are expected to reduce digital piracy and create a digital ecosystem that respects intellectual property rights.

This study aims to analyze the position and function of the principle of good faith in the international contract law system and analyze its role in providing legal protection for parties in international business transactions, especially in the context of the free market era. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach to examine the legal provisions related to this principle. The results of the study indicate that the principle of good faith is not only understood as a moral value in contractual relations, but has also developed into a legal norm recognized in various international legal instruments, such as the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). This principle includes subjective aspects in the form of honest intentions of the parties and objective aspects in the form of internationally applicable fairness standards. The principle of good faith plays an important role in the formation, implementation, and resolution of international business contract disputes. Although there are differences in acceptance between civil law and common law systems, the application of this principle can be harmonized through international legal instruments and soft law.  Thus, the principle of good faith is an important basis for realizing fair, balanced and sustainable international business transactions.

Community service is a form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education which aims to make a real contribution to society through the application of science and research results. This activity focuses on improving the quality of regional public services through transparency of information on governor's regulations at the Legal Bureau of the Banten Provincial Regional Secretariat. The problem faced by the community is that there is still limited access and understanding of various regional law products, especially governor's regulations related to the implementation of government and public services. The methods used in this activity include the preparation stage, implementation of socialization, delivery of information, and evaluation of activities to the community. The results of the activity show that transparency of legal information is able to increase public understanding of local government policies and encourage community participation in the process of implementing government. In addition, this activity also contributes to increasing public legal awareness and strengthening the relationship between the government and the community. Thus, information transparency is an important factor in realizing good and accountable governance, transparent, effective, efficient, and oriented to the public interest.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence based on Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Sexual violence against children constitutes a serious violation of human rights and has long-term impacts on the physical, psychological, and social development of victims. Normatively, the law regulates various forms of protection, including prevention, handling, rehabilitation, and the imposition of stricter sanctions against perpetrators. However, in practice, several obstacles remain in the implementation of such legal protection. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation techniques. The analysis evaluates the conformity between the legal norms stipulated in the legislation and their implementation in practice. The results indicate that, normatively, Law Number 35 of 2014 provides a relatively comprehensive legal framework for protecting child victims of sexual violence. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is hindered by challenges such as law enforcement issues, limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of inter-agency coordination, and social stigma toward victims. Therefore, strengthening policy implementation and enhancing synergy among stakeholders are necessary to ensure optimal legal protection for children as victims of sexual violence.  

The principle of good faith constitutes a fundamental element within Indonesia’s trademark law system, particularly in processes ranging from trademark registration to the cancellation of registered marks. This study examines the role of the good faith principle as a primary legal foundation for trademark annulment, using the dispute over the Minyak Kutus Kutus trademark as a case study. The conflict emerged when the trademark was registered by an individual who was not the original creator, leading to legal disputes and judicial examination. This research adopts a normative juridical method by analyzing various legal sources, including statutory regulations, court decisions, and relevant legal doctrines. The findings indicate that the principle of good faith is not merely an ethical norm but also functions as an important legal instrument to protect the legitimate rights of original trademark owners from attempts of unlawful control through bad-faith registration. Furthermore, the court’s decision in the Kutus Kutus case demonstrates the crucial role of enforcing the good faith principle in maintaining legal certainty while ensuring protection for fair and honest business actors in Indonesia’s trademark system.

The problem of illegal temporary shelters (TPS) is one of the serious environmental issues in Jambi City. Danau Sipin District is the district with the highest number of illegal TPS in Jambi City, namely 13 points. This study aims to determine the performance of the Environmental Management, Supervision and Enforcement Division (P3HL) the Jambi City Environmental Service the productivity aspect of the problem of illegal TPS in Danau Sipin District using the theory of public organization performance by Agus Dwiyanto (2006) with primary focus on productivity indicators. This can be seen from the utilization of various inputs such as human resources consisting of 3 field officers, operational facilities in the form of 1 patrol car, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for supervision, as well as clear and easy public reporting mechanisms to produce various outputs in the form of field supervision activities, enforcement of regulations, education and socialization to the public, and follow-up public reports. Although these various activities have been carried out, the limited number of field officers and operational facilities has resulted in the intensity of supervision in the field not being able to be carried out optimally. The conclusion of this study shows that the performance the Environmental Arrangement, Supervision and Law Enforcement Division of the Jambi City Environmental Service in terms of productivity has been running well, but still requires improvement, especially in the addition of human resources and operational facilities so that supervision and enforcement of regulations against illegal TPS can be carried out more optimally.

The development of information technology has encouraged transformation in the administration and implementation of the judicial system in Indonesia, including within civil procedural law. The civil justice process, which has traditionally relied on manual procedures as regulated in the HIR and RBg, faces several limitations such as lengthy procedures, relatively high costs, and limited access for justice seekers. To address these challenges, the Supreme Court introduced the e-court system as part of judicial modernization through the digitalization of case administration and court proceedings. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of e-court in realizing procedural justice within civil procedural law and to examine the relationship between the classical procedural provisions contained in HIR/RBg and the newer regulations governing electronic court administration. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining legal provisions and the concept of procedural justice within the judicial system. The findings indicate that the implementation of e-court reflects a paradigm shift in civil procedural law from a formalistic system toward a more digital and administrative system that improves efficiency in case administration and accelerates dispute resolution. However, this transformation also raises questions regarding the harmonization of legal norms between the regulations governing electronic court systems and the traditional civil procedural rules. Nevertheless, the implementation of e-court has positive implications for the realization of the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice while also improving public access to more effective and efficient judicial services.

Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health (the 2023 Health Law) serves as a fundamental regulation governing various aspects of health services in Indonesia, including the operations of private hospitals. For private hospitals whose shares are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), the implementation of the 2023 Health Law has brought significant changes in both legal and operational dimensions. This study aims to examine the legal aspects of implementing the 2023 Health Law on the operations of IDX-listed private hospitals. Employing a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes relevant regulations and doctrines. The results indicate that the 2023 Health Law expands the scope of hospitals' legal liability, comprehensively regulates the obligations and rights of both hospitals and patients, and imposes stricter sanctions for violations. Furthermore, the implementation of this regulation impacts the business and financial aspects of listed private hospitals, including expansion opportunities, shifts in cost structures, and stock market responses. However, challenges remain in its application, such as diverse interpretations of certain provisions and hospitals' readiness to comply with the established requirements.