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Anemia is a common nutritional problem that occurs in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and teenage girls. One of its main causes is iron deficiency, which can be exacerbated by low vitamin C intake. Red guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a local fruit that is rich in vitamin C and has the potential to improve iron absorption, thus supporting an increase in hemoglobin levels. This study aims to review the effectiveness of red guava in increasing hemoglobin as an effort to prevent anemia. This study uses a literature review design on five experimental research articles published in the last 10 years. The study results show that the consumption of red guava, whether consumed alone or in combination, can significantly increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women and adolescent girls with anemia. The vitamin C content in red guava plays a role in enhancing the bioavailability of iron needed for hemoglobin formation. Thus, red guava has the potential to be used as part of a locally based food nutrition intervention that is effective, affordable, and applicable in the effort to prevent anemia.

Background: Chinese betel (Peperomia pellucida L.) is an herbal plant rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins that have the potential to be antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antidiabetics. However, the stability and absorption of its active compounds in the body is still a challenge. Microencapsulation technology and  a floating drug delivery sistem (FDDS) can improve the effectiveness and stability of herbal preparations. Objective: This study aims to formulate and evaluate floating microencapsulation preparations containing Chinese betel herb ethanol extract using modern drug delivery technology. Methods: Ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration method and formulated by ionic gelation technique using a combination of sodium alginate and chitosan at three concentration variations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%). The evaluation included morphological analysis with SEM, ex vivo buoyancy test on the stomach of Wistar rats, determination of moisture content, and physical stability test using the cycling test method. Results: Microencapsulation with a concentration of 0.75% showed the most compact and delicate morphology, the lowest moisture content (0.64%), and the best physical stability. All formulations are capable of floating, with the longest buoyancy time at a concentration of 0.25% for 8 hours. There were no significant physical changes after six cycles of extreme temperatures. Conclusion: Microencapsulation preparations of Chinese betel ethanol extract in a natural polymer-based floating system show good stability and potential as an innovative herbal formulation to extend retention time in the stomach.    

This study aims to analyze the influence of economic growth and education quality on labor absorption in 27 regencies/cities of West Java Province during the 2020–2024 period using the Random Effect Model (REM) method. The estimation results show that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on labor absorption, with a coefficient of 0.322424 and a p-value of 0.0002. This indicates that regional economic growth contributes to increasing employment opportunities. On the other hand, the quality of education, measured by the average years of schooling, has a negative and insignificant effect on labor absorption, with a coefficient of -0.706782 and a p-value of 0.0755. These findings suggest that improvements in formal education do not automatically lead to increased labor absorption, likely due to a mismatch between graduate qualifications and labor market needs. The Adjusted R-squared value of 0.091650 indicates that the model explains only about 9.16% of the variation in labor absorption, with the remaining variation influenced by other unobserved factors. Therefore, strategic policies are needed, such as the development of labor-intensive sectors and the improvement of vocational education quality and relevance, to optimally enhance labor absorption in West Java.

Conceptual understanding is an important aspect of learning biology because it reflects the extent to which students can internalize knowledge and relate it to real life. This study aims to analyse the level of understanding of the concept of biodiversity of students and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the biology learning process. The research was conducted in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Pineleng with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation, written tests, questionnaires, teacher interviews, and documentation. Conceptual comprehension is measured using three main indicators: the ability to restate concepts, classify objects based on certain properties, and provide examples rather than definitions. The results showed that 87.5% of students had achieved a good level of understanding of classification indicators and giving examples, but only 50% were able to restate concepts completely. The supporting factors identified include learning motivation, parental mentoring, teacher learning strategies, and student absorption. On the other hand, barriers to understanding include lack of enthusiasm for learning, an unsupportive environment, and a lack of parental involvement. These findings confirm that the success of conceptual understanding is determined not only by cognitive aspects but also by comprehensive pedagogical and social support. This research makes an important contribution to the development of more contextual and participatory biology learning strategies, as well as opens opportunities for further research that explores the use of innovative media in strengthening conceptual understanding.

This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to evaluate the implementation of development strategies in the palm oil industry in facing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The palm oil industry is a nationally strategic sector that plays a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy, both in terms of exports and employment absorption. In the digital era, technological transformation has become a necessity for industry players to improve efficiency, transparency, and global competitiveness. This study examines various adaptive strategies that have been developed, such as the application of digital technologies in the supply chain, integration of information systems in production processes, and the strengthening of human resources through technology-based training. The analysis is conducted through a literature review of recent academic works, government policies, and industrial reports. The findings indicate that the implementation of digitalization strategies still faces challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure, disparities in digital literacy, and regulations that are not yet fully supportive. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the readiness and direction of the palm oil industry’s development in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era to achieve long-term sustainability and efficiency.

Low motivation to learn and limited conceptual understanding are significant challenges in learning biology at the junior high school level, especially in abstract material on the classification of living things. This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of animated videos on student learning motivation and learning outcomes. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design of one group pre-test and post-test was used in this study. The research sample consisted of 25 students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 2 East Likupang. Data was collected through observation sheets to assess learning motivation and pre-test and post-test tests to evaluate learning outcomes. The results of the observation showed that the average motivation of students reached 86.32% in the outstanding category. The average pre-test score of 59.57 increased to 81.09 on the post-test, indicating a significant improvement in concept comprehension. The t-test corroborates these findings with a significant value at a 95% confidence level. These results show that animated videos can present a visualization of complex concepts in an engaging and contextual way, thereby increasing students' focus, active participation, and absorption of the material. In addition, the use of this media also supports the development of students' collaborative skills and critical thinking. This research confirms that animated videos are a strategic alternative in effective science learning, especially in school environments with limitations of conventional visual media. It is suggested that the application of this media be expanded to various materials and levels of education.

Mercury is a highly toxic and bioaccumulative heavy metal. Despite its prohibition, mercury is still frequently found as a contaminant in cosmetic products, particularly in whitening products. This article aims to review and present various findings from previous studies on mercury levels in cosmetic preparations marketed in Indonesia, analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The method employed is a literature review of scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025, selected based on their focus on mercury analysis in cosmetics use of the AAS method. The review results show that the majority of whitening creams and lotions contain mercury levels exceeding the safety limits set by the Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM RI), with some samples showing extremely high concentrations reaching thousands of ppm. In contrast, other preparations such as powders, hair dyes, and deodorants generally have low or undetectable mercury levels. These findings indicate a lack of understanding regarding mercury and its dangers, especially regarding compliance with regulations on cosmetic products, especially those sold online. The conclusion of this review emphasizes the need for enhanced regulatory enforcement, stricter supervision, and increased public education to protect consumers from the health risks posed by mercury-containing cosmetics.

Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics pose significant environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature. Bioplastics, particularly those derived from corn starch, offer a promising alternative because of their biodegradability and renewable origin. This article presents a narrative review analyzing the effects of various additives on the characteristics of corn starch-based bioplastics, including tensile strength, water absorption, and biodegradability. The review focuses on scientific publications from 2015 to 2025.  Three types of additives were examined: cellulose fibers, graphene oxide (GO), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results show that the combination of starch and PVA with glycerol yields the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength (1.8 MPa), moderate water resistance 60%, and rapid biodegradation within 6–10 days. While cellulose improves mechanical properties, it tends to slow down the degradation rate. GO provides only slight enhancements in mechanical and water-resistant properties. Overall, the starch–PVA blend appears to be the most promising formulation for developing eco-friendly and applicable bioplastics in the future.

This qualitative literature review explores the role of digital marketing and operational strategies in enhancing the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Drawing on recent empirical studies, the review highlights how digital marketing adoption, product innovation, and operational efficiency contribute to increased sales, customer satisfaction, and competitiveness in MSMEs. The study synthesizes findings from various journals to identify effective marketing strategies and operational practices that are critical for MSMEs’ sustainability. Implications for managers include prioritizing digital platforms and integrating operational improvements to optimize growth. The review also identifies gaps for future research on tailored marketing and operational frameworks in diverse MSME contexts.

Physical modification of starch using microwave heat treatment (MHT) technology serves as an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to enhance the functional properties of starch without chemical additives. This article aims to examine the influence of microwave power and heating duration on the swelling power and solubility of various starch types, including tapioca, taro, sago, and lotus rhizome. A review of four studies revealed that power and time parameters significantly affect the crystalline structure of starch granules, resulting in either enhancement or reduction of their functional properties. High power or prolonged heating may decrease swelling power due to crystal restructuring and granule disruption, while solubility increases as a result of amylose and amylopectin degradation. MHT has proven to accelerate the heating process in a volumetric and efficient manner, improving water absorption capacity and viscosity. Despite its drawback of uneven heat distribution, this method remains relevant as a physical modification technique aligned with green processing principles in the food industry.

Anemia during pregnancy is a significant health issue in developing countries, contributing to high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality rates. This study focuses on severe anemia among pregnant women in their third trimester, examining prevalence, causes, and effective interventions. The findings indicate that limited knowledge about anemia and poor adherence to iron supplementation are key factors leading to anemia in pregnancy. Data from clinical visits showed that educational interventions aimed at increasing awareness, combined with iron tablet supplementation, significantly improved hemoglobin levels and maternal health. Hemoglobin levels in participants increased from severe anemia levels (<9 g/dL) to near-normal ranges after intervention. The study also highlights the role of family support and consistent antenatal care in managing anemia effectively. Nutritional education addressing iron-rich diets and the avoidance of substances inhibiting iron absorption proved essential. These results align with prior research emphasizing education and supplementation as critical strategies to reduce anemia-related pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight. The study recommends strengthening antenatal care programs by integrating comprehensive nutritional education and monitoring to ensure compliance with iron supplementation. Improving pregnant women’s and their families’ knowledge on anemia prevention is crucial to reducing maternal and fetal risks associated with anemia. This approach can ultimately contribute to better pregnancy outcomes and reduced maternal mortality rates.  

Wall Decorations from Ice Cream Sticks (HIDING) are a craft innovation in the decorative wall art industry. As we know, wall decorations are widely used to enhance aesthetics, beautify, and create a pleasant atmosphere in homes. They are commonly displayed in bedrooms, living rooms, dining areas (kitchens), and are also often found in workspaces, meeting rooms, art galleries, and cafés. The innovation of creating wall decorations from ice cream sticks aims to develop creative works from recycled materials, turning them into products that are equally attractive compared to those made from wood, plastic, or metal. These products offer aesthetic, artistic, and creative value that can attract public interest.The methods used in this program include lectures, discussions, and hands-on training. The results of the activity include: (1) The HIDING training was well received by the participants; (2) The high interest and motivation of the participants supported effective knowledge and skills transfer from facilitators to trainees, ensuring full absorption of the materials; and (3) The HIDING products have the potential to be developed into entrepreneurial products.

The Independent Curriculum is a curriculum implemented by the government as a new guideline for education in Indonesia. With the various curricula in Indonesia, all elements in educational institutions must be able to adjust to them. This is what can cause learning difficulties, especially for students. The objectives of this study are: 1. To find out the learning difficulties experienced by students, 2. To find out the factors that cause students' learning difficulties, 3. To find out solutions to overcome students' learning difficulties. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative method to find out the results of an in-depth analysis of the resource persons. Learning problems faced by students in the Economics lesson of the Independent Curriculum for class 10 MA Darul Huda were found, namely: 1) Attention, 2) Memory, 3) The level of students' absorption in understanding information, 4) Academic and 5) Social. Then the factors that cause students to experience difficulties in the Economics lesson of the Independent Curriculum for class 10 MA Darul Huda are Internal Factors, namely: a) Psychology and Mental and b) Emotional and Bad Attitude Habits. Then in External Factors there are: a) Family, b) School, and c) Community, So that solutions are obtained to overcome student learning problems, namely: 1. Counseling Guidance 2. Establishing Cooperation with Parents of Students 3. Principal's assessment of teachers 4. Teacher assessment of students.    

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a vital analytical technique used for separation, identification, and quantification of compounds in complex mixtures. This review explores the comparative performance of four detectors employed in the Chemical Laboratory of PT FIP: UV-Visible, Refractive Index (RI), Conductivity, and Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD). Each detector operates on distinct principles and is selected based on analyte characteristics such as the presence of chromophores, ionic nature, or volatility. The UV-Vis detector remains the most widely used due to its precision and compatibility with chromophoric compounds. However RI, Conductivity, and ELSD detectors serve as essential alternatives for analytes that lack UV absorption, non-ionizing, or exhibit low volatility. This review summarizes the key principles, advantages, limitations, and applications of each detector. The comparative evaluation highlights the strengths and constraints of each system, facilitating method optimization in pharmaceutical analysis.

Anemia is a hematological disorder that is often not recognized in the adult age group. One lifestyle factor that can affect hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is the consumption of tea or coffee with meals, because the tannin and polyphenol content inhibits the absorption of non-heme iron. Early detection of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels accompanied by education about eating and drinking habits is an important strategy in preventing anemia. This screening activity is carried out using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach. Examination of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels is carried out using Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) from capillary blood. Education is provided to all participants through leaflets and group counseling regarding the effect of tea and coffee consumption on iron absorption. A total of 91 participants took part in this activity, consisting of 39.6% men and 60.4% women, with an average age of 47.4 years. The average hemoglobin was recorded at 11.2 ± 1.6 g/dL and hematocrit at 33.0 ± 4.7%. As many as 42.9% of participants experienced anemia based on hemoglobin levels below normal values ​​according to gender. Hemoglobin and hematocrit examinations successfully identified a significant proportion of individuals at risk of anemia. Education on the right time to consume tea or coffee and increasing consumption of foods rich in iron and vitamin C are preventive interventions that can be applied to maintain optimal hematological status.   Keywords: Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Anemia, Iron, Tea, Coffee, Diet

Overview: Normal Hemoglobin levels during pregnancy are very important in preventing anemia and complications that can occur during pregnancy. Moringa capsules contain iron, vitamin C, and antioxidants that can support the absorption of iron in the body, Fe tablets that support oxygen transport and the formation of red blood cells. Objective: Analyzing the effect of giving moringa leaf capsules and iron tablets on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Research Method: This study used a Quasi-experimental design method. This study was conducted in the Ambal II Kebumen Health Center Working Area with a sample of 30 respondents. In this study, 2 groups were used, namely those who received intervention (moringa leaf capsules and Fe tablets) and the control group (Fe only). Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Research Results: Showed that there was a difference in Hemoglobin levels in the Moringa leaf and Fe groups with a p value = 0.008 and as many as 14 pregnant women experienced an increase in Hb. While in the control group the analysis results showed a difference with a p value = 0.007. However, as many as 13 mothers experienced a decrease in Hb levels. Conclusion: giving moringa capsules and Fe tablets has better effectiveness in increasing Hb levels compared to just Fe tablets alone.

Pollution of hydrocarbons in marine waters was recorded up to 2003 around 6.44 million tons and dominant due to the results of fishery port activities to cause the balance of coastal ecosystems disrupted. The drained state funds for its handling can reach 1000 USD per ton up to 33,000 USD in each region. Various efforts have been made is still not effective enough. The purpose of this program is to get the appropriate technology design in overcoming the problem of hydrocarbon pollution in the fishing port. The method used by literature and field study and a series of testing tools. The solution is called MABOA (Magic Briquette Oil Absorbent) is a technology that is applied aplikatif appropriate to overcome the problem of oil pollution in the port area. This tool is a net with the main components of magic briquettes, auto-spray containing bacteria degradation and microcontroller which as a whole has the ability to absorb and degrade hydrocarbon compounds. The circular MABOA net will prevent the expansion of the oil spill zone by the absorption process by magic briquettes. Pseudomonas puttidae and Bacillus sp. In auto-spray will be automatically sprayed over the surface of the spill zone to perform the decomposition of hydrocarbon compounds. Bacteria will grow and utilize hydrocarbons that have been absorbed and accumulated in the body of magic briquettes so that the cleaning process becomes more effective and faster. Results from a series of trials showed that MABOA with 3meter diameter dimension able to absorb hydrocarbon compound as much as 35.000mL with 3-5min time absorption rate and with density of colonies of bacteria 3,5x109 able to degrade 32% of existing hydrocarbon compound with efficiency time 3-7 days. The data is an accumulation of those component test result data.

The dynamics of modern business competition encourage entrepreneurs to optimize their marketing strategies, especially through digital platforms such as Instagram. This study analyzes the correlation between Content Marketing and Customer Engagement on the Instagram account @rdnb_jewelry, with a special focus on the impact of Content Marketing on Customer Engagement of Rebuild Dreams Now & Beyond Jewelry (RDNB) products. The theoretical framework of the study includes aspects of Marketing Communication (Reader Cognition, Sharing Motivation, Persuasion, Decision Making) and dimensions of Customer Engagement (Enthusiasm, Attention, Absorption, Interaction, Identification), as well as their implementation in Instagram features. Using a quantitative approach with a survey method, this study involved 79 respondents who were followers of the Instagram account @rdnb_jewelry, selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis integrated correlation methods, coefficient of determination, simple linear regression, and hypothesis testing (t-test). The findings of the study indicate a positive influence between the variables Content Marketing and Customer Engagement. A strong and significant relationship was identified between RDNB's Content Marketing strategy on Instagram and the level of Customer Engagement. Specifically, Content Marketing contributes 87.6% to Customer Engagement, while the remaining 12.4% is influenced by other variables. These results confirm the significance of implementing a measurable Content Marketing strategy in increasing Customer Engagement on social media.  

Iodine deficiency remains a major health issue, especially in highland regions like Cisukadana Village, leading to an increased risk of goiter that affects metabolism and growth. This study explores an alternative method to improve iodine intake through the use of factory ash waste in salted egg processing. Factory ash waste is known to contain microelements such as iodine, calcium, and magnesium, which can enhance the nutritional value of salted eggs. The research consisted of three stages: community counseling on iodine importance, practical training on making salted eggs using a salt and ash mixture, and product distribution for evaluation. Eggs were soaked in a brine solution mixed with ash waste for 8–10 days to ensure iodine absorption. The results showed that this method increased iodine content in the eggs, extended shelf life, and improved texture and taste. The program positively impacted the community in health (goiter prevention), social (community involvement and student participation), and economic (potential new business using local resources) aspects. This innovation demonstrates a sustainable approach to enhancing iodine intake while reducing industrial waste impact.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning process. Based on observations of teacher activities during Cycle I, teacher engagement increased from 65% in the first meeting to 81% in the second meeting. This improvement indicates that teacher activity falls within the "good" category. However, not all observed indicators were fully met in each session. In contrast, student activity during the learning process was categorized as "fair," with 61% in the first meeting and 75% in the second meeting. The results of the action test in Cycle I showed that classical learning mastery reached only 36%, which did not meet the predetermined target of 85%. The classical absorption rate was 63%, also falling short of the expected 65%. Out of all students, 8 achieved learning mastery, while 14 did not. This was primarily due to a lack of motivation and limited understanding of the concepts being taught. Based on the observations of both teacher and student activities and the Cycle I test results, the researcher proceeded with Cycle II in an effort to make the learning process more effective and efficient. The teacher made efforts to reflect on and address the shortcomings from Cycle I.