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Complete basic immunization for infants is an important effort in preventing infectious diseases and improving public health. However, certain regions still have subpar vaccination rates, which may be due to parents' ignorance and attitudes. Children who do not receive all recommended vaccinations are more vulnerable to illness and, worse, may die from it. This study was conducted at the Jikohay Community Health Center in the West Obi District to examine the impact IEC on mothers' attitudes and knowledge on the provision of full basic immunizations for newborns. Maternal and child health books (KIA) and a questionnaire approach were used in this qualitative study. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how IEC affects mothers' knowledge and attitudes on giving their babies the recommended basic vaccinations at the Jikohay Health Center in the West Obi District. There were 60 individuals in the population and 40 responders in the sample. Purposive sampling was used for the sample process. The Wilcoxon test was utilized for data analysis. According to the study's findings, 20 respondents had good attitudes, 20 had sufficient attitudes, and 29 had good knowledge, 10 had sufficient knowledge, and 1 had insufficient knowledge after receiving counseling on parental attitudes and knowledge in providing full basic immunizations to infants. At the Jikohay Health Center in the West Obi District, the results of the statistical test with a p-value of 0.000 indicated that IEC had an impact on mothers' attitudes and knowledge toward giving their infants all of the recommended basic vaccinations.

Background: The increasing number of underage smokers is a problem that needs attention. One effort to reduce the number of underage smokers is by providing knowledge about the dangers of smoking. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of audiovisual education on elementary school children's knowledge of the dangers of smoking among 5th and 6th graders. Methods: This study used a one-group pre-post test design with a sample of 50 students using total sampling. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire about the dangers of smoking, and data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of the study showed that before the education was provided, most of the children's knowledge about the dangers of smoking was still lacking (94%), and after the education was provided, most of the students' knowledge became good (80%). Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, the result was p=0.000, which means that there is an effect of audiovisual education on the knowledge of the dangers of smoking among fifth and sixth grade elementary school children. Conclusion: Educational video media can increase a person's knowledge because videos can be an effective medium for providing information. Thus, educational video media has been proven to influence the knowledge of fifth and sixth grade elementary school children about the dangers of smoking, thereby preventing children from using cigarettes.

Umbilical cord care is an important part of newborn care because the umbilical cord that has not fallen off has the potential to become an entry point for germs if not cared for hygienically. In the community, traditional umbilical cord care practices are still widely practiced and often do not comply with medical standards. This study aims to determine the effect of umbilical cord care education on cleanliness and duration of umbilical cord detachment in newborns in the Bongo 2 Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 24 newborns selected using a total sampling technique. The intervention in the form of umbilical cord care education was given to the parents of the babies, then measurements were taken of umbilical cord cleanliness and duration of umbilical cord detachment before and after education. Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed an increase in umbilical cord cleanliness after education, with a p value = 0.001. In addition, the average duration of umbilical cord detachment decreased significantly after education, with a p value = 0.000. This study concludes that umbilical cord care education has a significant effect on improving hygiene and optimizing the duration of umbilical cord removal in newborns.

Background: Indonesia, as an agrarian country, has a large workforce engaged in physically demanding activities that increase the risk of myofascial pain. The prevalence of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius muscle in Indonesia reaches 40% annually, with a higher rate in women. This condition often causes complaints in the neck, shoulders, and lower back, leading to a decline in quality of life. Various management strategies exist, but many are less effective in the long term and carry potential side effects. Lidocaine, as a local anesthetic, offers an alternative therapy due to its simple procedure, affordable cost, rapid effect, and good safety profile; therefore, its effectiveness in managing myofascial pain needs to be evaluated. Methods: This study was an observational research with a prospective cohort design conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Patients with myofascial pain who received lidocaine injections were followed for 4 weeks, and pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to assess the relationship between lidocaine administration and pain reduction. Results: The study showed that lidocaine injection was effective in significantly reducing myofascial pain. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test produced negative Z values with p = 0.000 (<0.05) for all comparisons from pretest to the fourth week. The Friedman test also indicated significant differences between weeks (χ² = 9.731; p = 0.021), with optimal pain reduction observed in the second week. Although lidocaine provided significant analgesic effects, its effectiveness tended to decrease in subsequent weeks, indicating a short-term effect that should be combined with other interventions for sustained outcomes. Conclusion: Lidocaine injection proved effective in reducing pain among patients with myofascial pain syndrome, with the most optimal reduction occurring in the second week after therapy. The dominant factors influencing the outcomes were the relatively short duration of lidocaine’s action and individual variability in response. This implies that lidocaine can be used as an effective initial therapy, but should be combined with other interventions such as physiotherapy or activity modification to achieve more stable and sustainable pain management.

Labor is a complex interaction between psychological and physiological drives in women. (90%) delivery is accompanied by pain. In the active phase there is an increase in the intensity and frequency of contractions, so that the peak pain response is in this phase. Pain and soreness during labor are basically caused by strong contractions during labor. Breathing relaxation techniques can control pain by minimizing sympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system. This study aims to determine the effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques on reducing labor pain in the first active phase. The type of design in this study is pre-experimental with The number of samples was taken according to the Accidental Sampling technique, samples were taken when patients went to the Andra Agustiana PMB Clinic with a minimum of 30 respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire sheet and a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scale. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before being given the breathing relaxation technique, most respondents experienced severe pain or pain levels on a scale of 7-10, namely 25 respondents (71.4%) and after being given deep breathing relaxation technique treatment, most respondents experienced moderate pain (scale 4-6) as many as 28 respondents (80%). The results of data analysis obtained the Asymp.significancy value = 0.000 (ρ<0.05). The conclusion is that there is an effect of providing deep breathing relaxation techniques on reducing labor pain in the first active phase. It is hoped that deep breathing relaxation techniques can be applied in the management of labor care as an alternative to reduce labor pain for mothers giving birth in the first active phase

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder often accompanied by various psychopathological manifestations, one of which is auditory hallucinations that limit social functioning and reduce the quality of life of affected individuals. Dhikr therapy, as a psychoreligious approach, is believed to provide inner peace and reduce the intensity of hallucinatory symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of dhikr therapy among schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations who were treated at Aceh Mental Hospital. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest model and purposive sampling technique, involving 15 patients experiencing auditory hallucinations. The intervention was conducted for three consecutive days, with each session lasting 10–20 minutes and consisting of a sequence of dhikr recitations including istighfar, tasbih, tahmid, and takbir. The severity of hallucinations was measured using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS). Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant decrease in auditory hallucination scores with a p-value of 0.001. These findings indicate that dhikr therapy is effective in helping patients manage hallucinatory symptoms and may serve as a non-pharmacological therapeutic alternative in psychiatric nursing care for schizophrenia patients

Pregnancy is a natural process that occurs from conception to the growth of the fetus in the womb. Lemon aromatherapy is an alternative method to reduce nausea and vomiting. When essential oils are inhaled, volatile molecules will carry the aromatic elements contained in the oil to the tip of the nose. The aim is to determine the effect of lemon aromatherapy on the frequency of reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Biru-Biru Community Health Center. This study used the Quasy Experiment method with a One Group Pretest Posttest Design by conducting a Pretest before giving treatment and a Posttest after giving treatment. The population of this study were pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Biru-Biru Community Health Center. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique, resulting in 30 pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting. The results obtained from the study, respondents who did not experience nausea and vomiting after being given lemon aromatherapy were 14 people, 11 people experienced mild nausea and vomiting, and 5 people experienced moderate nausea and vomiting. The analysis used in this study was the Wilcoxon test, which obtained a value (p = 0.000 < 0.05) and there was an effect of lemon aromatherapy on the frequency of reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at the Biru-Biru Community Health Center.

This community service program aimed to enhance students’ pharmaceutical literacy through the introduction of drug classification logos at SMP Muhammadiyah 04 Pangkatrejo. The background of this activity was the low level of drug-use literacy among adolescents, often leading to irrational self-medication. The activity employed a quantitative descriptive design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. Educational interventions included interactive counseling, PowerPoint presentations, visual media using logo sticks, and pretest–posttest evaluation. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ knowledge (p = 0.000), with mean scores increasing from 58% to 81% after the intervention. The highest gain was observed in the recognition of logo colors and drug classifications. Satisfaction analysis revealed that 96% of participants expressed satisfaction with the learning process, especially regarding material clarity and the presenters’ readiness to answer questions. The study concludes that participatory educational methods and visual media effectively improve rational drug-use awareness among junior high school students. Future programs are recommended to expand similar activities to other schools and integrate digital media for sustained impact on public health literacy.

Myopia is an eye refractive disorder in which the light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina, causing long-distance vision to become blurry. This condition is often experienced by teenagers, including students in Islamic boarding schools, due to the habit of reading in close proximity, excessive use of gadgets, and lack of exposure to natural light. The high prevalence of myopia in young age groups needs serious attention so that it does not develop into permanent vision disorders. One of the prevention efforts that can be done is to provide education about myopia, including the definition, causes, prevention, and importance of maintaining eye health and a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of myopia education on improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of students of the Ta'mirul Islam Islamic Islamic Boarding School in Surakarta. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Paired Sample t-Test, there was a significant improvement in the aspects of knowledge and attitude, although behavioral changes have not shown meaningful results. These findings confirm the importance of continuous education to form healthy behaviors related to the prevention of myopia as a whole.

Pregnancy is frequently associated with discomforts such as back pain, edema, and postural changes that may interfere with daily activities. Approximately 50–70% of pregnant women experience back pain due to hormonal changes and increased body weight. The use of a Birth Ball is considered one of the non-pharmacological alternatives to alleviate these complaints, as it improves pelvic muscle flexibility and supports postural correction. Proper education is essential to ensure appropriate and effective utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of education using lecture and demonstration methods on the understanding of Birth Ball use among pregnant women. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach was applied. The sample consisted of 28 third-trimester pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Findings revealed that the respondents’ understanding prior to education was 0%, which significantly increased to 96.43% following the intervention. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded Z = -4.873 with p < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between pre- and post-education. It can be concluded that education delivered through lecture and demonstration methods is effective in enhancing pregnant women’s understanding of Birth Ball use.

Myopia is an eye refractive disorder in which the light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina, causing long-distance vision to become blurry. This condition is often experienced by teenagers, including students in Islamic boarding schools, due to the habit of reading in close proximity, excessive use of gadgets, and lack of exposure to natural light. The high prevalence of myopia in young age groups needs serious attention so that it does not develop into permanent vision disorders. One of the prevention efforts that can be done is to provide education about myopia, including the definition, causes, prevention, and importance of maintaining eye health and a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of myopia education on improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of students of the Ta'mirul Islam Islamic Islamic Boarding School in Surakarta. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Paired Sample t-Test, there was a significant improvement in the aspects of knowledge and attitude, although behavioral changes have not shown meaningful results. These findings confirm the importance of continuous education to form healthy behaviors related to the prevention of myopia as a whole.

Introduction: The incidence of postpartum blues is a change in the mother's psychology which is influenced by fatigue factors that arise after the birth and breastfeeding process. This can influence changes in the routine of caring for the baby which requires extra attention from the mother. Handling postpartum blues can use spiritually based non-pharmacological techniques in the Islamic religion using murattal Al-Qur'an. This study aims to determine the influence of spiritual cognitive therapy murattal Al-Qur'an (Surah Ar-Rahman) on the incidence of postpartum blues in RSUD SUBANG. Methods: This research method is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design with pre and post with control group. The number of respondents in this study was 24 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group. Data collection for this research used the EPDS scale (Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale) with data analysis using the Wilcoxon test and the Man-Whittney test. Result: The results of this study showed a difference in the pre-test and post-test of the intervention group with p = 0.000. It can be concluded that spiritual cognitive therapy murattal Al-Qur'an (Surah Ar-Rahman) has an influence on the incidence of postpartum blues in RSUD Subang. It is hoped that this research will further investigate more deeply and be able to control confounding variables that might interfere with the influence of the Murattal Al-Qur'an spiritual cognitive therapy (Surah Ar-Rahman) on the incidence of postpartum blues.    

This study investigates the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with animated video media to enhance student motivation, creativity, and learning outcomes in economics at MA Salafiyah. Employing a classroom action research approach with a pretest-posttest design, the research involved 35 grade XI students. Data were collected through observation sheets, motivation and creativity questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess data normality, while the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test evaluated the significance of differences between pretest and posttest scores. The findings reveal that the application of PBL with animated video media significantly improves student motivation, creativity, and learning outcomes. Students demonstrated increased engagement, generated more creative ideas, and showed deeper understanding of economic concepts. Motivation was reflected in higher posttest scores and active participation, while creativity was evident in the ability to propose innovative solutions and think critically. Learning outcomes improved substantially, with average scores rising from 46.142 (pretest) to 83.571 (posttest). The integration of animated video media in PBL created a dynamic and interactive learning environment that facilitated comprehension, stimulated interest, and encouraged practical application of knowledge. This study concludes that PBL supported by animated video media is an effective pedagogical strategy for improving educational quality in economics learning.

The core issue of this study focuses on the impact of media featuring illustrated words on the pre-reading skills of children in group B at TK Insan Cemerlang in Makassar City. The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which illustrated word media affects the pre-reading abilities of children in group B at the preschool. The methodology employed in this study involves conducting an experiment with a single group design, which includes both pre-tests and post-tests. he research sample is made up of 14 children from the B2 class at TK Insan Cemerlan To gather data, the researcher implemented a checklist technique to assess pre-reading development. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted utilizing the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, assisted by IBM SPSS 25 software. The findings of the study indicate a significant effect on children's pre-reading skills after they were exposed to the illustrated word media. The average score for the pre-test was 5. 5, while the average score for the post-test rose to 13. Analysis of the data using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded an Asymp. sig (2-tailed) value of 0. 01, indicating a probability below 0. 05.

The first trimester of pregnancy is a crucial phase characterized by various physiological and psychological changes that can cause complaints in pregnant women. Adequate knowledge about these changes is essential for mothers to recognize pregnancy problems and take appropriate action. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of antenatal counseling on pregnant women's knowledge in dealing with first trimester pregnancy problems at Manembo-nembo Hospital, Bitung City. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach on 28 respondents selected through total sampling. The intervention was structured antenatal counseling that covered physiological changes, common complaints, danger signs, and their management. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 42.18 to 61.75, with a p-value = 0.000. The high knowledge category increased from 14.3 % to 64.3%, while the low knowledge category decreased from 50% to 7.1%. These findings indicate that antenatal counseling is effective in increasing pregnant women's knowledge about first-trimester pregnancy issues, thereby supporting the readiness and health of both mother and fetus from the beginning of pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a physiological condition that causes physical and psychological changes, one of which is nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum), which often occurs in the first trimester. If left untreated, this condition can lead to nutritional disorders, dehydration, weight loss, and impact the health of the mother and fetus. Management can be carried out with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, one of which is lemon aromatherapy, which is known to have a relaxing and refreshing effect and help reduce nausea symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester at the Bies Community Health Center, Bies District, Central Aceh Regency in 2022. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design for pregnant women in the first trimester. Thirty respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used an observation sheet, and data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced severe nausea (53.3%) and moderate vomiting (50%). After receiving lemon aromatherapy, the majority of respondents experienced mild nausea (90%) and mild vomiting (93.3%). The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between before and after the intervention. The conclusion of this study is that lemon aromatherapy is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. Lemon aromatherapy can be recommended as a safe, simple, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological therapy alternative for treating emesis gravidarum.

In educational institutions, incoming and outgoing letters have important administrative and legal values ​​in educational operations. Therefore, the management of letter archives plays a strategic role in maintaining the smooth running of administrative activities and as a source of academic information for educational institutions. The formulation of the research problem is: (1) How is the validity of the Letter Archive SIM Based on Excel VBA User Form in improving the quality of administrative services at SDS Miftahul Falah Silo? (2) How is the practicality of the Letter Archive SIM Based on Excel VBA User Form in improving the quality of administrative services at SDS Miftahul Falah Silo? (3) How is the effectiveness of the Letter Archive SIM Based on Excel VBA User Form in improving the quality of administrative services at SDS Miftahul Falah Silo? This research was conducted at SDS Miftahul Falah Silo using the Research and Development (R&D) method of the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Product trials used internal and external trials involving validators and users. The data collected consisted of quantitative and qualitative data obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that (1) the system is highly feasible to use, as evidenced by the validity test results with an average value of 93.5%. (2) the practicality test results indicate the system is very practical with an average value of 91.6%. (3) based on the Wilcoxon signed rank test with a Z-value of -3.923 and a significance level of <0.001, and the N-Gain test results of 0.7254 indicate that the system is highly effective in improving the quality of administrative services.

Background Low back pain is a common complaint experienced by pregnant women, with a prevalence reaching 50% in the UK and Scandinavia and 70% in Australia. In Indonesia, the number of pregnant women in 2020 was recorded at 5,298,285 people, with 114,392 of them in North Sumatra. Physiological changes in pregnancy such as uterine enlargement, shifting center of gravity, weight gain, and the influence of the hormone relaxin can cause ligament stretching and muscle spasms that trigger back pain. Although the coverage of antenatal visits (K1 and K4) in North Sumatra has reached the national target, many pregnant women still complain of back pain, mainly due to low participation in prenatal classes. One non-pharmacological intervention proven to be beneficial in reducing back pain is prenatal exercise. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal exercise on back pain in pregnant women at the Tiga Juhar Community Health Center, STM Hulu District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2023. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design with a One Group Pre-test and Post-test design without a control group. The study sample consisted of 32 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Back pain intensity data were collected before and after the prenatal exercise intervention, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: Before prenatal exercise, the majority of respondents experienced moderate back pain (53.1%). After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced mild pain (59.4%). The Wilcoxon test results showed a p-value of 0.002 (<0.05), indicating a significant difference between back pain intensity before and after prenatal exercise.Conclusion: Prenatal exercise has been shown to significantly reduce back pain in pregnant women. Therefore, prenatal exercise can be recommended as an effective non-pharmacological intervention to improve maternal comfort during pregnancy.

Fine motor skills are the abilities to control small muscles for successful skill performance.  Developing fine motor skills in children is crucial to prepare them for writing upon entering formal education (elementary school). This research aimed to analyze the influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 5-6-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach. The population consisted of 38 respondents, with all 38 included in the study using total sampling. The intervention was implemented over four sessions, three days apart, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II), observation sheets, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and beading modules as instruments. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before the beading activity, almost half of the respondents (17 respondents, 44.7%) showed developing fine motor skills. After the beading activity, a significantly larger number of respondents (23 respondents, 60.5%) showed very good development. This indicates a significant influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 56-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman (p-value 0.001 < α = 0.05). Playing stringing games can develop fine motor skills and optimize children’s development. It looks enjoyable for the children, increases their knowledge, and also encourages them to communicate with one another.

Back discomfort is a common musculoskeletal complaint among pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester, caused by biomechanical and physiological changes during pregnancy. This condition can interfere with daily activities, reduce sleep quality, and decrease overall comfort. Pharmacological treatments during pregnancy are limited due to safety concerns, making non-pharmacological therapies essential in primary healthcare. One alternative is the use of warm ginger compresses, which combine the benefits of heat therapy with the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger. This study aimed to examine the effect of warm ginger compresses on reducing back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women at the Jailolo Community Health Centre. The research used a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 16 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The treatment involved applying warm ginger compresses to the lower back following a standardized procedure. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a significant reduction in back pain intensity after the intervention (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that warm ginger compresses are an effective, safe, and simple non-pharmacological method for reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women.