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Bank stock price prediction is an important topic in the application of information technology because stock price movements are dynamic, sequential, and influenced by historical market patterns. This study aims to predict Indonesian banking stock prices using the Long Short-Term Memory method and evaluate the effect of Bayesian Optimization on model performance. The data used in this study consists of daily historical stock data of BBCA, BBNI, BBRI, BBTN, and BMRI from May 4, 2020, to May 4, 2026, obtained from Yahoo Finance. The input features include opening price, highest price, lowest price, closing price, and trading volume, while the prediction target is the stock closing price. The results show that the baseline model produced MAPE values ranging from 1.892% to 3.147%. The best baseline performance was obtained on BBCA with an R² value of 0.933, followed by BBTN with an R² value of 0.902. After optimization, performance improvement occurred on BBTN, with MAPE decreasing from 3.147% to 2.482% and R² increasing from 0.902 to 0.935. For BMRI, MAPE decreased from 2.385% to 2.206%, and R² increased from 0.687 to 0.743. This study concludes that Long Short-Term Memory can be used to predict Indonesian banking stock prices, while Bayesian Optimization can selectively improve model performance depending on the characteristics of each stock dataset.

This study analyzes the integration of aesthetics and ethics in cosmetology education and its implications for strengthening the professionalism of cosmetology teachers. Cosmetology is often viewed as an applied field that primarily produces visual beauty through make-up, skin care, hair care, and cosmetic services. However, professional cosmetology practice also involves moral responsibility because it deals directly with the human body, personal identity, safety, comfort, and client trust. This article uses a normative qualitative method with conceptual and philosophical approaches through library research. The analysis is organized through three dimensions of philosophy of science: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The findings show that, ontologically, cosmetology studies beauty and the human body not merely as physical objects, but as subjects with value, dignity, and diverse meanings. Epistemologically, cosmetology knowledge is constructed through the integration of scientific theory, practical skills, professional experience, sanitation principles, occupational safety, and service standards. Axiologically, cosmetology contains ethical values that guide beauty practices so that they remain honest, safe, responsible, and respectful of human dignity. The integration of aesthetics and ethics strengthens the role of cosmetology teachers as educators, professional models, and character builders in vocational education. Therefore, cosmetology learning should not only emphasize technical competence and visual results, but also internalize ethical awareness, reflective judgment, and responsibility in every stage of professional practice.

This study aims to map the trends, integration forms, effectiveness, and contribution of ethnomathematics in elementary school mathematics learning toward national cultural preservation. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA 2020 protocol was employed. Searches across four academic databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and Semantic Scholar) yielded 1,176 articles, from which 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that ethnomathematics research in elementary schools has increased significantly during 2023–2026, particularly following the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka. The three most dominant forms of integration are digital modules and media (53.3%), traditional games (33.3%), and ethnomathematics-based worksheets (13.3%). Geometry and measurement is the most researched mathematics topic (50.0%), and conceptual understanding shows the most significant improvement (40.0%). Beyond improving mathematics achievement, ethnomathematics integration contributes to cultural preservation through cultural contextualization in learning (60.0%), strengthening cultural identity and values (26.7%), and active local cultural preservation (10.0%). The study recommends teacher training, curriculum policy strengthening, cross-sector collaboration, and further research to sustain ethnomathematics implementation in Indonesian elementary schools.

The advancement of information technology has driven higher education institutions to manage their digital presence professionally, particularly through quality website management as a representation of institutional identity. Preliminary observations of the Universitas Graha Karya (UGK) website (ugk.ac.id) identified several issues, including inconsistent page layouts, inactive hyperlinks, and irregularly updated content. This study aims to analyze the quality of the UGK website based on three WebQual 4.0 dimensions—usability, information quality, and service interaction quality—and to determine improvement priorities using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 308 active students selected via purposive sampling using the Slovin formula at a 5% margin of error. Data analysis included validity testing, reliability testing, WebQual 4.0 analysis, gap analysis, and IPA Cartesian diagram mapping. Results indicate negative grand mean gap values across all dimensions, with service interaction quality recording the largest gap (-0.16), followed by information quality and usability (both -0.01). IPA mapping identified five indicators in Quadrant I as the main improvement priorities: ease of menu navigation (U2), relevance of academic information (IQ2), clarity of information language (IQ4), website access security (SI1), and ease of contacting administrators (SI4). The study concludes that UGK's website quality has not fully met user expectations and requires structured, user-oriented improvements.

Rapid population growth in Sidoarjo Regency has triggered massive land-use changes, resulting in increased surface runoff and reduced performance of the drainage system. This study aims to evaluate the hydraulic capacity of drainage channels in the Pondok Sidokare Indah Housing area against design flood discharges with return periods of 2, 5, and 10 years. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach, involving hydrological analysis using maximum daily rainfall data from 2015–2025 and hydraulic modeling of the existing channel along 350 meters. The frequency analysis results indicate that the Log Pearson Type III distribution is the most suitable method based on statistical parameters and the Smirnov-Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test. The calculation of design flood discharge using the rational method yields values of 0.749 m³/s (2-year), 1.003 m³/s (5-year), and 1.164 m³/s (10-year). Meanwhile, the maximum capacity of the existing channel ranges only between 0.534 m³/s and 0.733 m³/s. The comparison between hydrological load and channel capacity shows that all observation points (Sta 0+000 to Sta 0+350) are in overflow condition, even for the lowest return period flood discharge. This condition confirms that the current channel dimensions are no longer adequate and require normalization to mitigate annual flooding in the area.

This study aims to examine the role of the government in implementing gender political education in schools in Bengkulu Province. Within the context of Indonesia's national education system, gender equality remains a crucial issue that requires sustained attention, particularly in formal educational institutions. As the primary policymaker, the government plays a strategic role in ensuring that educational policies, curricula, teaching practices, and school environments promote the principles of gender equality and inclusiveness. This research employs a library research method by reviewing various scientific publications, policy documents, laws and regulations, government reports, and relevant academic sources related to gender and education. The findings reveal that the government has introduced several regulations and programs to support gender-responsive education and enhance equal opportunities for all students. However, the implementation of these policies in schools across Bengkulu Province continues to face significant challenges. These include limited teacher competence in gender-sensitive instruction, inadequate availability of gender-responsive learning materials, insufficient monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and the persistence of patriarchal cultural values that influence educational practices. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening policy implementation, providing continuous gender-based teacher training, developing inclusive learning resources, and integrating gender political education into local curriculum content to promote greater gender awareness and equality in schools throughout Bengkulu Province.

This study was conducted to examine the integration of spiritual intelligence into Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to strengthen students’ character. At MA Al-Amien Bugih Pamekasan, some students still demonstrate a lack of discipline, responsibility, and honesty in the learning process. To address these issues, PAI teachers integrate spiritual values through religious activities and the cultivation of positive habits during classroom instruction. This study aims to describe the implementation of spiritual intelligence integration, the strategies used by teachers, and its implications for students’ character development. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving purposively selected informants, namely PAI teachers and students. Data analysis followed the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the findings was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that the integration of spiritual intelligence in PAI learning has been implemented systematically through planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. Teachers incorporate spiritual values through religious practices, role modeling, learning reflections, discussions of moral values, and character assessments. These strategies contribute positively to the development of students’ character, particularly in fostering discipline, responsibility, honesty, cooperation, empathy, and independence. Although several challenges remain, including differences in students’ backgrounds, limited instructional time, and external environmental influences, the integration of spiritual values continues to support sustainable character development among students. The findings highlight the important role of spiritual intelligence in creating meaningful learning experiences and promoting positive character formation in Islamic educational settings.

This study aims to examine the development of teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah Surabaya. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal and teachers as research informants. Data analysis applied the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which consisted of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the development of teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah was carried out through three main pathways. First, training programs that implicitly integrated multicultural values into general educational programs, such as the teacher mobilization program. Second, organizational development grounded in Islamic values as the foundation for fostering tolerance and respect for diversity, implemented through curriculum integration, school regulations, teacher role modeling, and collaboration among teachers. Third, career development, which remained primarily focused on academic aspects and had not explicitly incorporated indicators of multicultural competence. Teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah was reflected in three main dimensions. In terms of knowledge, teachers acquired understanding through teaching experience, formal education, and training. In terms of attitudes, teachers demonstrated tolerant and inclusive behavior when interacting with students from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. In terms of skills, teachers were able to manage classroom diversity harmoniously through adaptive and responsive pedagogical approaches that accommodated students’ differences.

This study aims to analyze the forms of tasybīh ḍimnī in Dīwān al-Imām al-Syāfi‘ī by Imam al-Shafi‘i, identify its elements (musyabbah, musyabbah bih, and wajh al-syabah), and examine the Islamic educational values contained within it. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the content analysis method. The data consist of poetic verses containing tasybīh ḍimnī, focusing on 10 representative stanzas selected from 279 poems. The results show that tasybīh ḍimnī is an implicit form of simile that does not explicitly employ comparative particles, but is instead understood through contextual meaning relations. From the perspective of balaghah, this form is characterized by its implicit and argumentative nature, as well as its ability to construct meaning through logical analogy. The elements of tasybīh can still be identified through meaning reconstruction, even though they are not directly stated. Furthermore, the study reveals Islamic educational values encompassing the dimensions of īmān, islām, and ihsān. The value of īmān is reflected in dependence upon Allah, the value of islām in social life practices, and the value of ihsān in the cultivation of moral virtues such as patience and qanā‘ah (contentment). Thus, tasybīh ḍimnī functions not only as an aesthetic element, but also as an integrative educational medium.

Geometry learning at the Junior High School (SMP) level frequently faces challenges due to the abstract nature of the objects, which impacts students' low spatial literacy. This issue is exacerbated by the dominance of conventional teaching methods that lack interactive digital media. This community service activity aims to enhance students' spatial literacy at SMP IT Qoshrul Muhajirin through learning assistance using ethnomathematics-based digibooks. The method employed consists of four stages: Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. Data were collected through observation, student response questionnaires, as well as pre-test and post-test instruments. The results indicate a significant improvement in students' spatial literacy by 22.70%, with the average score increasing from 43% in the initial stage to 65.70% following the assistance. Furthermore, 91.3% of students provided positive responses regarding the ease of use of the media, and 90.4% felt more motivated in learning. It can be concluded that the use of ethnomathematics-based digibooks is effective as an innovative learning solution capable of integrating digital technology with local cultural values to optimize students' spatial abilities.

Churches and Christian institutions frequently face the challenge of congregations whose understanding of ministry remains confined to the spiritual dimension alone, while the holistic ministry mandate calls for active engagement across social, educational, and economic spheres. This study examines two primary objectives: first, how Christian Religious Education (CRE) shapes congregational understanding of holistic church ministry; and second, how CRE equips congregants with the concrete capacity to serve comprehensively. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed at Yayasan Sola Gratia Medan. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven informants comprising foundation leaders, program coordinators, active church members, volunteers, and beneficiaries. Analysis followed a thematic framework encompassing data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that: (1) consistent CRE implementation at Yayasan Sola Gratia has successfully shifted the congregational ministry paradigm from exclusively spiritual to holistically transformative; and (2) congregants who have internalized CRE values demonstrate more structured ministry capacity, stronger theological motivation, and significant cross-dimensional engagement. This research contributes a contextual CRE model relevant for church-based institutions operating in multidimensional urban environments.

Human happiness does not lie in physical pleasure, victory, wealth, honour, worldly power, a beautiful body, or the senses. People in religious communities seek something deeper, contemplating and acknowledging the highest value in union with God. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Contra Gentiles, arguments that human happiness lies in the contemplation of God, through which one attains peace and fulfilment in total self-surrender to God. However, in the lived experience of religious communities, a fear of matters related to sexuality is evident. Indeed, some misunderstand and misinterpret these matters, resulting in monks and nuns who become cold, dry, and rigid, acting in ways that violate sexual morality, thereby disrupting or even destroying—their ministry due to such improper conduct. Based on this, the author recognises the importance of education and the appreciation of sexual values for religious communities. Using a literature review method involving relevant books, journals, articles, and Church documents with a theological approach, it was found that the education of religious people requires aspects of happiness and sexuality education. The results of the study indicate that Thomas Aquinas’s concept of happiness can bridge religious life with sexuality education, which is one aspect that must be understood and lived out. Therefore, the happiness of love and the sexuality education of religious people need to be explored and lived out in the course of living and experiencing life as a religious person.

Indonesia’s multicultural diversity poses serious challenges in maintaining social harmony, marked by increasing cases of intolerance driven by differences in ethnicity, religion, and culture. Education, particularly civics (PPKn), plays a strategic role in instilling tolerance values from an early age. This study aims to analyze the strategies used by elementary school teachers in cultivating tolerance attitudes through PPKn  learning, identify the implementation of tolerance values in classroom activities and student social interactions, and reveal the challenges faced by teachers along with effective and contextual learning strategies. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, collecting data from accredited scientific journals published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from databases including google scholar, DOAJ, and sinta- indexed journals. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis through stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with source triangulation appliet to ensure validity. The findings reveal that affective teachers employ a holistic approach encompassing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, consistent with Bloom’s revised taxonomy. Teachers serve not only as knowledge transmitters but also as moral role models, as supported by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Implementation is carried out through three channels: intracurricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities. Key challenges include dominance of cognitive approaches, limited understanding of multicultural education, and negative influencesof social media. This study implies the urgent need for continuous professional training for PPKn teachers, differentiated and inclusive learning design, and active collaboration between schools and families to strengthen the internalization of tolerance values in elementary school students.

The role of citizenship education is fundamental in internalizing the values of nationalism and ethics within a society. This research is motivated by the increasing challenges of globalization and moral degradation that threaten the national identity of the younger generation. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the strategic role of citizenship education in shaping and strengthening national character within the Indonesian context. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing literature reviews and thematic analysis of educational policies and social phenomena. The findings indicate that citizenship education serves as a vital instrument not only for transferring political knowledge but also for fostering civic disposition, including integrity, tolerance, and social responsibility. Furthermore, the integration of local wisdom within the curriculum significantly enhances the effectiveness of character building. The implications of this study suggest that a revitalized citizenship education curriculum, which adapts to digital era challenges, is essential for maintaining social cohesion. Stakeholders in the education sector must prioritize interactive and participatory pedagogical approaches to ensure that national character values are not merely memorized but practiced in daily life, thereby ensuring the long-term sustainability of the nation's democratic values.

Indonesia, as a country located at the intersection of three tectonic plates, is highly vulnerable to earthquakes. This has led to the development of various innovations in earthquake-resistant housing. An interesting phenomenon can be found in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, where several vernacular houses of the Kaili people constructed with a hybrid design (wooden frame and mud walls) have proven to withstand the major earthquake that struck Palu, Central Sulawesi, in 2018. This study aims to examine the architectural typology of non-engineered hybrid houses within the Kaili community using a qualitative descriptive approach and typological analysis. Data collection involved direct observation, interviews, and literature reviews, with a focus on the spatial and physical systems of the buildings. The sample for the study was determined through purposive sampling with specific criteria. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that, despite changes in materials due to adaptations to technological advancements and reconstruction policies, the spatial layout and fundamental structure of the houses have maintained traditional philosophies. These houses demonstrate the integration of cultural values, local knowledge about seismic activity, and the use of local materials, which allow for both structural flexibility and some rigidity, contributing to the buildings’ resilience. These findings highlight the importance of combining technical and cultural approaches in designing earthquake-resistant houses within a local context.

Coal hauling activities are an important part of mining operation because they affect production continuity, cycle time efficiency, and operational safety. This study aims to analyze the requirements of road support equipment on the coal hauling road from Sector 4 to the new Coal Processing Plant (CPP) at PT. Asmin Bara Bronang, Central Kalimantan. Based on road geometry, traffic density, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unsurfaced Road Condition Index (URCI). The research method used was applied research with a quantitative approach. Primary data ware collected through field measurements consisting of road geometri observations, traffic density observations, Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) testing to obtain CBR values, and road surface condition assessment using the URCI method. Secondary data were obtained from the company records. The results showed that the hauling road has a total length of 9.1 km with an average width of 16 m, and grade values ranging from -7.68% to 10.52%, which are still below the maximum standard of 12%. Traffic density reached 184 dump trucks/day, for coal hauling and 62 units/day for construction material transportation, indicating high traffic intensity. CBR values ranged from 7% to 100%, showing variations in subgrade bearing capacity. The URCI value ranged from 72,50 to 91.00, indicating fair to good road conditions. Based on the analysis of road conditions and maintenance area requirements, the recommended support equipment for maintaining the hauling road consists of 1 motor grader unit, 1 compactor unit, 1 bulldozer unit, and 1 water truck unit.

This study explores students' perceptions of the role of the Dr. Irzanita Al Mukarromah Mosque in supporting mental health education and character building within a higher education setting. The mosque, situated at the heart of the campus, functions not merely as a place of worship but also as a center for spiritual development and psychological well-being. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 30 students from Universitas Kader Bangsa. The findings reveal that students perceive the mosque as having a significant positive impact on emotional resilience, moral values formation, and a sense of community belonging. Regular mosque activities—including Islamic counseling sessions, spiritual mentoring, and congregational prayers—were identified as key mechanisms through which students develop coping strategies for academic stress. Moreover, the mosque environment was found to foster prosocial behavior, empathy, and responsibility, all essential components of strong character. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on faith-based mental health support in educational settings and recommends the integration of mosque-based programs into formal student wellness frameworks.

The acceleration of digitalization in recent years has shaped a new socio-economic landscape in Indonesia. Access to app-based financial services and online entertainment has increased rapidly, but at the same time, illegal online lending and digital gambling, targeting adolescents, have flourished. This paper explores a Community Service intervention model that combines preventative digital literacy and artificial intelligence (AI) optimization within the La Tansa Islamic Boarding School in Palembang. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and written reflection analysis. Findings indicate that strengthening digital literacy based on critical awareness not only improves risk understanding but also deepens self-control integrated with religious values. AI training for educators also encourages changes in learning practices to be more adaptive and reflective of the dynamics of the digital era. This model offers a digital resilience approach that can be replicated in other educational institutions with similar characteristics.

The use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry has caused various environmental problems due to waste that is difficult to degrade and has the potential to contaminate water and soil. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly natural dyes is an important alternative to be explored. One potential but underutilized source of natural dye is kirinyuh weed (Chromolaena odorata L.), which is known to contain natural pigment compounds such as tannins and flavonoids. This study aims to analyze the dyeing quality of primissima cotton fabric using kirinyuh leaf extract with variations of alum and ferrous mordants through a mordanting process. The research employed an experimental method, including hot extraction of kirinyuh leaves, dyeing of primissima cotton fabric, and mordanting using alum and ferrous salts. The evaluation of dyeing quality focused on washing color fastness and light color fastness tests based on standard textile testing methods. The results indicate that the type of mordant significantly affects the resulting color quality. Alum mordant produced relatively lighter colors with good washing fastness, while ferrous mordant resulted in darker shades with similarly good washing fastness. However, color fastness to light showed relatively lower values, particularly in fabrics treated with alum mordant. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that kirinyuh leaf extract has the potential to be used as a natural dye for primissima cotton fabric, although further optimization is required to improve color resistance to light exposure.

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital technology is developing rapidly. This has prompted the world of education to make major changes in learning methods, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Until now, PAI has used outdated methods. These methods are inadequate to meet the needs of children who are accustomed to technology. Therefore, there is a need for technology integration in the learning process. This study aims to determine how to use E-Learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAI learning. This study also aims to determine the benefits, challenges, and strategies for implementing these technologies. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review type. Data were obtained from various sources, such as books, scientific articles, journals, and relevant documents. The results show that the use of E-Learning, LMS, and AI can improve the quality of PAI learning. E-Learning makes learning easier and more flexible. LMS helps manage learning more systematically. AI helps make learning more personalized and tailored to students' needs. However, the implementation of these technologies still faces several challenges, such as limited infrastructure and low digital skills of teachers and students. Therefore, a strategy is needed to address these challenges. This strategy includes enhancing digital capabilities, strengthening technological infrastructure, developing innovative learning media, and monitoring the use of technology based on Islamic values. This will ensure optimal integration of technology into Islamic Religious Education learning.