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The purpose of this research was to understand how the values of Hajj, as contained in the hadiths of the Prophet, were applied in the context of globalization. The research method used was a type of library research or literature study, which involved collecting, reading, noting, and processing data from various literary sources such as books, magazines, and others. The results of the research indicated that the application of Hajj values from the Prophet's hadiths in the context of globalization required awareness and a collective commitment from Muslims and all humanity. By using the values of Hajj as a foundation in human interactions and in building a more just, harmonious, and sustainable global society, we could create a better world for future generations. The Hajj values derived from the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught universal principles that were highly relevant in the context of globalization. Equality, brotherhood, peace, togetherness, solidarity, obedience, devotion, patience, sacrifice, sincerity, and honesty were values that could help humanity overcome global challenges and create a more just, peaceful, and sustainable world.

Solidarity is a relationship based on shared moral values and collective emotional experiences, crucial for forming social bonds and achieving common goals. This study aims to identify and enhance the implementation of solidarity values among 6th-semester students of Arabic Language Education at Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Madani Yogyakarta. The research employs a qualitative method, with data collected purposively and using the snowball technique, and analyzed inductively. The findings indicate that many students have not yet adopted solidarity values, resulting in a lack of concern for their peers. To address this issue, various steps are proposed, including education and outreach programs, social and cultural activities, cultural festivals, and support from the government and organizations. Principles of solidarity such as care, cooperation, empathy, equality, tolerance, trust, justice, mutual assistance, sacrifice, and patience should be integrated into daily life. Implementing these values is expected to strengthen social bonds, creating a harmonious and supportive environment, and helping students overcome various challenges.

The Food Estate project in Indonesia aims to enhance food security. However, it has resulted in significant environmental impacts through the conversion of forests into agricultural land. Particularly, the peat ecosystem is vulnerable, threatening the natural balance and environmental sustainability. In evaluating the project's impact, this research adopts a normative legal approach focusing on literature analysis. Research findings indicate that land conversion for Food Estate sacrifices crucial environmental aspects, such as vulnerable peatlands prone to fires and soil quality degradation. Policy alternatives, such as agricultural diversification and ecosystem protection, are proposed as solutions to support food security without harming the environment. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for stricter environmental law enforcement between the government and community participation in decision-making to ensure the sustainability of agricultural projects like the Food Estate.

The sacrifice of sacrifice is one of the most important acts of worship in Islam. It is mandatory for Muslims who are capable as a form of obedience and obedience to the commands of Allah Swt. Apart from being a form of obedience to Allah Swt, sacrifice also contains social values ​​and concern for others. Through Qurban, Muslims are taught to share their sustenance with other people, especially those who are less fortunate. Therefore, this research aims to describe how the wisdom behind sacrificial worship can provide a deeper understanding of the importance of this worship in the lives of Muslims, as well as how qurban can provide broad benefits for individuals and society as a whole. This research uses the research method used, namely the type of library research or library study, which involves collecting, reading, recording and processing data from various literary sources such as books, magazines and others. The research results show that sacrificial worship has several lessons that cover various spiritual, social, economic and educational aspects. These studies provide a clearer picture of the breadth and depth of the wisdom behind the sacrifice of sacrifice, as well as how this practice continues to be relevant and brings benefits in various aspects of Muslim life.

Understanding the concept of Justification by Faith is crucial for Christians, as it enables them to gauge their comprehension and application of this doctrine in their lives. Many Christians have yet to fully grasp this foundational aspect of their faith. This study aims to elucidate the true significance of Justification by Faith by comparing the perspectives of Paul and James, which at first glance, seem contradictory. This research employs a literature review approach, involving the identification, classification, and analysis of relevant literature on the topic of Justification by Faith according to Paul, James, and Calvin. The study involves a hermeneutical analysis of biblical texts, a comparison of theological perspectives, and a systematic organization of findings. Paul asserts that justification occurs through faith, independent of works, as an act of God's grace (Romans 3:28, 4:5). The law reveals human sinfulness and the need for divine justification through faith in Christ. James emphasizes that genuine faith is demonstrated through works (James 2:24). He argues that faith without works is dead and insists on the necessity of works as evidence of true faith. Calvin integrates both perspectives, emphasizing that justification by faith is inseparable from the process of regeneration by the Holy Spirit. He views faith as a gift from God that leads to good works, the fruit of genuine faith. Justification by Faith is an act of God that can only be achieved through His grace and the sacrifice of Jesus Christ (Romans 4:5; 5:6). Faith is rooted in the truth of God's revelation in Christ, culminating in belief in His crucifixion and resurrection. Both Paul and James agree that faith and works are essential in a genuine response to God, with good works being the inevitable result of true faith. This study underscores the interconnectedness of faith and works, aligning with Martin Luther's assertion that good works are the fruit of righteousness. The comprehensive understanding of Justification by Faith involves recognizing it as a divine act that provides hope for salvation through faith, a gift from God facilitated by the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 2:8; Galatians 5:22).  

The background to this Community Service activity is: First, there is a need to refresh the understanding of 'Being like Christ', especially in terms of the characteristics of facing suffering, in the context of the weeks leading up to the commemoration of Good Friday. Second, there is a tendency for believers to doubt the perfection of Christ's sacrifice for salvation, with contemporary teachings, especially progressive Christianity which emphasizes good deeds in salvation, not the work of Christ. The purpose of this article is: First, to explain the meaning of 'becoming like Christ' for believers. Second, to explain the perfection of Christ's sacrifice for human salvation. The method used to present this article is the descriptive method, while the method used in the activity is the lecture method. The results of this activity are: First, becoming like Christ according to Philippians 2:6-8 in terms of humility (verses 6-7), obedience to God (8a) and willingness to sacrifice (8b). The perfection of Christ's sacrifice according to Hebrews 10:1-5 shows that Christ's sacrifice is superior to the sacrifices in the Old Testament (1-7), Christ's sacrifice was carried out once and for all (10), Christ's sacrifice perfected the salvation of believers (14). Second, the results of audience satisfaction are as follows: Data on the average level of satisfaction from the two activities, namely from 50 samples who gave answers to the satisfaction level questionnaire: no people (0%) said they were dissatisfied, 1 person (2.0%) said less satisfied, 3.5 people (6.94%) said they were neutral, 40 people (79.09%) said they were satisfied and 6 people (12.00%) said they were very satisfied. It can be concluded that the majority of respondents expressed satisfaction, and a small percentage stated they were very satisfied. The level of respondent satisfaction is high.

Business is an activity carried out individually or in groups by producing and selling goods and services to gain financial profit as long as the interests and rights of other people are not sacrificed. In the book of proverbs, a businessman must have an attitude of honesty because Allah hates people who are dishonest and loves people who seek justice and sincerity is a factor that encourages people to behave honestly. When someone leads sincerely, they help other people to live and behave honestly

Sin and the past are two crucial concepts in Christian spirituality that significantly impact an individual’s spiritual life. Sin is defined as a violation of God’s law, resulting in damage and conflict. Meanwhile, the past encompasses the totality of past events and experiences, including sins committed, which can carry emotional and spiritual burdens. Sin separates humans from God, but God forgives through the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross. Handling sin and the past involves confession of sins, repentance, acceptance of forgiveness, learning from the past, and transformation through Christ’s love. Biblical teachings provide guidance in facing sin and the past, encouraging self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others. In daily life, this is applied through worship, spiritual growth, Christian community, meditation, service, and self-awareness. By following these principles, Christians can overcome the challenges posed by sin and the past, attain peace, and experience spiritual growth and restoration of their relationship with God

The purpose of this study was to find phonological errors that students make when they pronounce vowel diphthongs. Researchers also asked what type of vocal diphthong sound students most often said in tenth grade. Grade X students of the 2021/2022 school year are the subjects of this study. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach. Researchers randomly selected 60 samples from 395 individuals. The tool used is the English Vowel Diphthong word pronunciation test, which includes eight types of English vowel diphthongs with two focus words for each type. Furthermore, a voice recorder is employed to capture the students' pronunciation. Findings showed that students made 339 word mistakes. The pronunciation of X graders shows the most frequent types of vowel diphthong errors: Diphhongs [ɔʊ] with the focus word "although" experience 72% of total errors, Diphhongs [ʊə] with the focus word "during" experience 65% of total errors, and Diphhongs [aɪ] with the focus word "sacrifice" experience 61% of total errors.

Living a Christ-based love is a significant challenge in a contemporary era filled with pressures from popular culture and social media influences. This article presents a biblical guide to finding a life partner with strong Christian principles as the foundation. A library study approach is used to scrutinize relevant theological and psychological literature, which provides insight into the biblical principles of love and their application in the modern-day context. Analysis of the literature shows that living a Christ-based love involves being faithful to values such as unconditional love, sacrifice, and commitment to God and each other. However, great challenges arise in maintaining faithfulness to these values amidst cultural influences that call for perfection and self-gratification. In response to these challenges, the practical guidelines resulting from this study emphasize the importance of corporate prayer, shared Bible reading, and openness to receiving the guidance of the Holy Spirit. These steps help couples to strengthen their relationship in Christ, overcome the obstacles they face, and live a love based on the love of Christ with confidence and sincerity.

Living a Christ-based love is a significant challenge in a contemporary era filled with pressures from popular culture and social media influences. This article presents a biblical guide to finding a life partner with strong Christian principles as the foundation. A library study approach is used to scrutinize relevant theological and psychological literature, which provides insight into the biblical principles of love and their application in the modern-day context. Analysis of the literature shows that living a Christ-based love involves being faithful to values such as unconditional love, sacrifice, and commitment to God and each other. However, great challenges arise in maintaining faithfulness to these values amidst cultural influences that call for perfection and self-gratification. In response to these challenges, the practical guidelines resulting from this study emphasize the importance of corporate prayer, shared Bible reading, and openness to receiving the guidance of the Holy Spirit. These steps help couples to strengthen their relationship in Christ, overcome the obstacles they face, and live a love based on the love of Christ with confidence and sincerity.

This research is intended to understand the role of Christ as High Priest and its significance for Christ Tarutung's Christ Full Gospel Bethel Church. A priest had responsibilities regarding the presentation of offerings, and the high priest served as head of the priests. Christ, as the High Priest, served as intercessor for humans and sacrificed his blood and himself to atone for human sins. The pastor in GBIS Love of Christ, as leader, is responsible for guiding and shepherding the congregation. The research method in this scientific work is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach (library research). This research also uses an exegetical approach by analyzing verses and sources related to Hebrews 9:11-28. This method is used by the author to find useful materials according to the research objectives. In this research, we will explore Christ as the High Priest and its relevance for the Full Gospel Bethel Church, the Love of Christ Tarutung congregation. Christ as the High Priest, the role of Christ as the High Priest is the blood of Christ as a sacrifice to redeem human sins, Christ becomes the High Priest who passes through Heaven, Christ as the High Priest grants eternal salvation to all those who wait patiently.

Parents as the main educators of their children's faith means that parents must actively educate their children and be involved in their children's faith education process. Parents themselves must practice their faith, strive to live holy lives, and continue to apply the teachings of the faith in family life at home. Educating children in matters of faith is actually not difficult, because it can start from simple things. However, it requires commitment and sacrifice on the part of the parents, for example: praying with the children and reading the Holy Bible to them, bringing the children to the Holy Mass and afterward explaining to the children its meaning, giving warnings if the children make mistakes using the language of love.

Literary work is a work of imagination expressed in written form by a writer. These literary works are created by writers for aesthetic purposes. Literary works often tell a story, plot, characterization and conflict background. Stories based on essays or true stories produced as literary works, to convey ideas and positive messages from the author to readers. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis and is linked to Maslow's Needs theory. Needs are very often called basic needs which are described as a hierarchy that describes the levels of needs, namely, physiological needs, safety, social needs, ego, and self-actualization. The method used is related to the conditions and situations of the subject in the novel. In the novel Dear Nathan, there are characters that will be discussed, namely Nathan, Salma, Daniel, Ardi (Papa Nathan), and Mama Meli (Mama Nathan), the characters consist of character, protagonist, antagonist, tritagonist. Mixed storyline, sad, happy, touched, regretful. Messages in the novel: Be grateful, learn to understand, give love, be sincere, be loyal, keep promises, make sacrifices, be faithful. In this research, it is hoped that readers can understand the message given by the author.

The Cyber-Physical System is a key system in the implementation of the 4th generation industrial revolution. This system combines automation systems, electronics, internet networks and machine learning. The implementation of physical cyber systems in agriculture  is one of the long-awaited applications because it is the backbone of the implementation of  sustainable agribusiness systems. With this system precision agriculture and pervasive computing in agriculture can help stakeholders in agribusiness to enjoy various benefits optimally. One example of its application is a smart farming system that is conditioned to provide measurable and maximum yields without having to sacrifice soil nutrients because it is well monitored according to weather conditions.  In previous studies, several LoRa communication-based systems for monitoring local weather in a place and measurements of soil nutrient conditions have been carried out and displayed through the internet network. Monitoring and control systems on other agricultural models based on hydroponics and aquaponics have also been carried out for some types of crops. The results provide greater potential for wider application and in actual conditions in the agricultural industry. In this study, the integration of physical cyber systems with lora communication-based  agricultural monitoring and control nodes will be carried out more broadly by considering the local conditions under which the system is tested. In this case, the research will be carried out at the Research and Recreation Park, Telkom University and agrifarming industry partners as a model of actual application. The research findings show that the application of advanced sensor technology has improved the accuracy of weather measurements by up to 95%. Quantitative data collected from the new weather station showed a significant improvement in weather monitoring. Qualitatively, positive responses from stakeholders such as disaster management authorities and farmers were also noted. In conclusion, the development of this modern weather station supports the community's need for reliable weather information and is a step forward in addressing the challenges of climate change.

This writing aims to describe the ambition and power of feminist in Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls. Churchill reveals how women are ambitious to achieve power by taking male roles in the middle of the patriarchal system. Churchill addresses feminism issues from the class distinction and sacrifices similar to the current problems. This writing traces the sacrifice of the main character, Marlene, in reaching her goal as a career woman. This writing used qualitative methods to explore the object and inventory techniques to collect the data.

The purpose of this research is to describe the value of the struggle of two friends, namely Ben and Jody, in a literary work by Dee Lestari entitled the philosophy of coffee. This short story tells the story of Ben and Jody's successful struggle to make their dreams come true. The struggle makes two friends, Ben and Jody, ambitious in brewing coffee to gain profit and turnover. From this novel it can be seen that struggle and consistency can make someone achieve success. The method used is descriptive method. The source of this research uses data from the literary work used entitled Dee Lestari's Coffee Philosophy. The theory in this research is based on Joyomartono's theory, there are five types of struggle values, namely the values ​​of willingness to sacrifice, unity, respect, patience, and the spirit of never giving up, cooperation.

The purpose of this study is to tell the folklore of Dua Hale and the meaning contained therein in Natakoli village, Mapitara district, Sikka regancy.The researcher used qualitative method. Data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interview and documentation.Based on the results of the study, Dua Hale folklore is one of the folklore that is, abandoned and forgotten by the surrounding community. it was found too that cultural meaning in folklore of Dua Hale are: Didactic meanings In folklore the didactic meaning is implied in the form of educational and teaching values society about how to be ethical and etiquette in context social life.There are several meanings implied in the didactic meaning namely: responsibility, willing to sacrifice, courage,and customary law. The historical meaning in folklore, historical meaning is also revealed which is reflected in two parameters general history, namely the time and place contained in the folklore in question. Regarding the time parameter, it is said that folklore takes place in the past and the historical meaning of place names in the story that are still relevant today at the moment, utan welak and hegin and economic meaning. The economic meaning of folklore is reflected in the disclosure or relevant information the economic system of society in which some of the main sources of livelihood are farming and fishing.

This research study has a theological aim of the meaning of Spirituality of Humility in a Christian context experiencing a crisis of faith. The background to the writing is the author's observation of several phenomena in the practical life of Christians in modern times which are experiencing degradation, such as lack of willingness, sacrifice, humility, love and faith. The problems experienced by the author believe are due to problems with Christian spirituality in modern times. The author observes the fact that modern humans do not appreciate the events of the cross and calvary (Jesus). This experience provides the principles of spirituality, crumbs and dry leaves, which can answer the problems of modern times. The spirituality of humility brings humans to become friends of Jesus. The author uses descriptive and bibliographic analysis methods. The author conducted a theological study of the meaning of spiritual humility from Eko Armada Riyanto's book "The Spirituality of Crumbs and Dry Leaves". The book used will show problems, which can be answered through the principles of spirituality based on humility. The results of this study are the basis for the implementation of Christian spirituality today. The author hopes to help, increase insight into the spiritual life of Christian life. Spirituality of humility brings people closer to God in whom they believe, spirituality makes people moved by love and affection in their lives. Spirituality brings humans to a deep awareness, especially humility, that comes from God. Becoming humble requires a very long process, so openness to God's love makes humans friends to all and willing to be shaped by God.

Children are part of the family who have rights and obligations through the process of growth and development. The purpose of this study is to uncover and understand the dramaturgical process involved in the role of child labourers as they are involved in managing the family economy. This research will examine how child labourers choose certain characters or roles in carrying out the profession. The research was conducted in Alun- Alun as a public facility that is often used as a location for child labourers to carry out their activities every night. This research uses a qualitative approach by using data collection instruments directly in the field. This research was analysed from the observation, interview, documentation and data presentation process. The theory used is Social Dramatugi theory to find out the character shown by child workers in their profession and Interpretation Fulfilment theory to find out the experience of child workers in helping families. The results of this study show that the behaviour patterns of child workers from the frontstage show the attitude of child workers in the internal and external character of children. The backstage part of child labourers is also able to show the life of child labourers in the family. So that the pattern of responsibility owned is the basis for their encouragement to continue working every day even though there are children's time that must be sacrificed.