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This study discusses the influence of parenting patterns on children's social development in Maukeli Village, Mauponggo District, Nagekeo Regency. Community service activities in the form of socialization carried out on May 14, 2025 aimed to increase the understanding of mothers and the community regarding the importance of healthy and positive parenting patterns in supporting the growth and formation of children's character. The methods used include lectures, discussions, simulations, evaluations, and feedback, involving mothers and children as participants. The results of the activity show that the parenting patterns applied in Maukeli Village are still diverse, so this socialization provides knowledge and practical skills in child care that can shape children's character and emotional development optimally. This activity emphasizes the importance of the active role of mothers as primary caregivers and collaboration between the village government, health workers, and the community in creating a conducive family environment for child development. With ongoing assistance, it is hoped that children in Maukeli Village can grow into independent, responsible, and highly competitive individuals.

This study aims to determine the relationship between social stigma and psychological well-being in mothers of children with disabilities in Padang City. The background of this study is based on the negative labeling and discrimination often experienced by these mothers, which can affect their mental health and parenting skills in raising children with special needs. The social stigma attached to families with children with disabilities often makes mothers feel protected, experience emotional stress, and decrease self-confidence. This condition has the potential to cause prolonged stress that ultimately has a negative impact on their psychological well-being. This study used a quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique, where 93 respondents mothers of children with disabilities in Padang City were selected as research participants. Data collection was carried out using an instrument in the form of a Likert scale that has been tested for validity and reliability. This scale measures two main variables: the level of social stigma experienced by mothers and the level of psychological well-being, which includes aspects such as happiness, life satisfaction, and overall mental health. The results showed that 30.1% of these mothers reported a high level of psychological well-being, while 34.4% reported a low level of social stigma. These findings indicate relatively good psychological well-being, although some mothers still experience social stigma. Statistical analysis using correlation revealed a significant negative relationship between social stigma and psychological well-being. This means that the lower the level of social stigma experienced by mothers, the higher their level of psychological well-being. These findings confirm that reducing social stigma and discrimination against mothers with children with disabilities is crucial for improving their quality of life.

This study examines the influence of parental absenteeism and parenting styles on adolescent delinquent behavior, as well as the role of emotional intelligence as a moderator. The research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. Data were collected from 224 high school students using delinquency scales, parental absenteeism, parenting styles, and the TEIQue-SF. The data were analyzed using linear regression and moderation analysis with SPSS and the PROCESS model 1 macro. The results indicate that parental absenteeism has a significant positive effect on juvenile delinquency (β = 0.232, p < 0.01), which means that the more frequently parents are absent, the higher the likelihood of delinquent behavior in adolescents. Additionally, parenting styles also have a significant effect on delinquency (R² = 0.149, p < 0.01). Both authoritarian and permissive styles increase the risk of delinquency, while the authoritative style serves as a protective factor that can reduce juvenile delinquency. The authoritative style, combining discipline with affection, is shown to be effective in preventing negative behaviors in adolescents. Emotional intelligence plays a significant role as a moderator in the relationship between parental absenteeism and delinquency (β = -0.128, p < 0.05), suggesting that adolescents with higher emotional intelligence can mitigate the negative impact of parental absenteeism on their delinquent behavior. However, emotional intelligence does not significantly moderate the relationship between parenting styles and delinquency. These findings highlight the importance of active parental involvement in parenting and the development of adolescents' emotional intelligence to prevent delinquent behavior. Therefore, comprehensive and culturally-based intervention approaches involving families, schools, and communities are needed to support the prevention of adolescent delinquency and foster healthy, positive relationships for them.

Nutritional problems in toddlers remain a major challenge in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Paga Village, Sikka Regency. Nutritional problems are not only caused by a lack of nutritious food intake but are also exacerbated by the high incidence of infectious diseases, inadequate parenting, low public nutrition knowledge, limited access to health services, and low socioeconomic conditions. These factors directly and indirectly impact children's nutritional status. One intervention effort that can be implemented to address this problem is through the provision of locally-based food supplements (PMT), which aims to improve children's nutritional intake and encourage food independence and sustainable family nutritional security. This study aims to determine the effect of providing locally-based food supplements as a nutritional intervention on improving the nutritional status of toddlers experiencing malnutrition. The research method used was an observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional design approach. The sample in this study were toddlers with malnutrition status who received an intervention in the form of local food-based PMT. The results showed an improvement in nutritional status in toddlers after receiving PMT. A total of 46 toddlers who were initially malnourished experienced an improvement to normal nutritional status after the intervention. These results indicate that providing locally-based food supplements has a positive effect on the nutritional status of toddlers. In conclusion, local food-based PMT has proven effective as a nutritional intervention in improving the nutritional status of toddlers in Paga Village. Such programs need to be further developed and supported by various parties to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition in the community and strengthen local food self-sufficiency.

The toddler period is a golden stage of child development influenced by several factors, including maternal knowledge in parenting. Working mothers face challenges in balancing professional responsibilities with caregiving roles. This study aimed to examine the relationship between working mothers’ knowledge and the growth and development of toddlers at Kasih Ibu Sejati Clinic, Sosa District, Padang Lawas Regency. This research used a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 42 working mothers with toddlers. The results showed that most working mothers had good knowledge (38.1%) and most toddlers were in the good developmental category (64.3%). The Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.004, indicating a significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and toddler development. Good knowledge enables mothers to provide better-quality care despite time limitations. These findings imply the importance of enhancing education for working mothers to support optimal child development.

This research investigates the underlying factors that shape the interest of students from the 2024 cohort in enrolling in the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Education Program at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative methodology, data were gathered through a structured, closed-ended questionnaire administered to the entire cohort, which consisted of 89 students. The analysis reveals that the overall level of student interest is categorized as high, with a notable percentage of 55%. Several key variables were identified as influential: (1) self-awareness factors encompassing physical capabilities, intellectual aptitude, intrinsic motivation, and innate talent were rated in the very high category at 56%; (2) familial influences such as the provision of information, emotional support, and parenting styles also ranked very high at 46%; (3) school-related elements including the accessibility of school information systems, teacher roles, peer dynamics, and hands on learning experiences were classified in the high category with 44%; and (4) social media engagement specifically the frequency of use and the quality of educational content was likewise in the high category, scoring 48%. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of student decision-making, with self-awareness emerging as the most prominent determinant in shaping academic program choices. The study highlights the need for educational institutions to consider these interrelated dimensions when developing recruitment strategies and academic guidance frameworks.

The increase in women's participation in the workforce has a significant impact on early childhood parenting patterns and the dynamics of household life. This research aims to analyze how career women apply parenting styles to young children and how this affects child development and the balance of home life. The study uses a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design, starting with a quantitative approach followed by a qualitative approach. The goal is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the parenting styles of career women, early childhood development, and household life. The research population includes career women who have young children at the GMIT Horeb Perumnas Congregation in Kupang City. The research results show that although career women face time limitations, they tend to adopt a democratic parenting style supported by caregivers or partners. Child development can remain optimal if communication patterns and emotional involvement are maintained. However, challenges arise in terms of emotional closeness and quality time. Therefore, adaptive strategies and family support are needed to maintain a balance between career and maternal roles.

This study, titled “The Influence of Parent-Child Interaction on the Development of Children’s Mindset and Attitudes,” is conducted through a literature review of various theories and previous relevant studies. The aim of this research is to identify the role of parent-child interactions in shaping children’s mindset and attitudes from early childhood to adolescence. Based on the literature analysis, it is found that high-quality interactions—such as open communication, positive role modeling, and consistent emotional support—significantly contribute to the development of critical thinking, empathy, and self-confidence in children. Conversely, authoritarian parenting styles, lack of communication, or unresponsiveness to children’s emotional needs tend to foster closed-mindedness, aggressive behavior, and poor social adaptability. This study highlights the essential role of parents in creating a supportive family environment for optimal character development in children.

This research analyzes the role of the state and education in shaping people's democratic mentality through psychological and social approaches. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through interviews, observations, and literature studies of teachers, students, community leaders, and education bureaucrats. The results show that the state contributes through civic education policies, curriculum implementation, and character programs such as the Pancasila Student Profile. Educational institutions function as a vehicle for the formation of democratic attitudes through participatory and dialogic learning. Psychosocial factors such as parenting, social media and culture also influence the internalization of democratic values. The formation of a democratic mentality requires synergy between the state, education and society to create active, critical and inclusive citizens.

Generation Alpha refers to children born after 2010, who are growing up in a rapidly evolving digital ecosystem. In the Indonesian context, the emergence of depressive disorders among this generation poses a critical mental health challenge that has not been thoroughly addressed. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Generation Alpha, identify the major risk factors, and evaluate current and potential preventive strategies through a narrative literature review approach. Data were collected from national and international journals using platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda, with inclusion criteria covering articles published between 2019 and 2024 and relevant to children’s mental health. Findings reveal a significant increase in depressive symptoms among children aged 5 to 13 years. Key risk factors include non-democratic parenting styles, academic stress, bullying in school environments, and excessive use of digital gadgets. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic and remote learning have exacerbated children’s mental health, particularly among those from low-income families or with limited access to psychological support. On the other hand, preventive strategies involving holistic approaches such as school-based mental health education, play therapy, digital mental health interventions, and Islamic spirituality-based approaches have demonstrated considerable potential in mitigating depressive symptoms. This review highlights the urgency of implementing multi-level and context-sensitive prevention strategies through collaboration between schools, families, and community-based institutions.

Language development in early childhood is a fundamental aspect in shaping children's cognitive, social, and emotional abilities. However, in today's digital era, excessive use of gadgets has become a common habit in parenting patterns, which has the potential to inhibit children's speech development. This article aims to examine the impact of gadget use on speech delays in early childhood using a literature review approach to the literature from 2020–2025. The results of the study indicate that passive interaction through gadgets, without adequate verbal guidance and stimulation, can reduce the frequency of dialogue and children's social involvement. This condition increases the risk of speech delay, expressive communication disorders, and vocabulary limitations. In addition, factors such as permissive parenting, technoference, and lack of direct verbal activity are significant contributors to obstacles to language development. Therefore, an active role is needed for parents in limiting screen time, assisting with the use of digital media, and creating an environment rich in verbal interaction. Public education and early detection are also important solutions to prevent and treat speech delays from an early age.

Wasting affects health and threatens children potential. Direct factors such as food intake need to be maximized to improve nutritional status. This study aims to determine the differences in energy and macronutrient intake, food parenting, and exclusive breastfeeding history in wasting and non-wasting toddlers in the working area of Sidotopo Wetan Health Center Surabaya. This study is a case control study. Total respondents were 88 toddlers aged 7-60 months, consist 44 wasting toddlers taken with total sampling technique and 44 non-wasting toddlers taken with purposive sampling technique with age and gender matching. Energy intake and macronutrients were obtained by 3x24 hour food recall questionnaire, food parenting patterns obtained from filling out FPSQ (Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire) and FPSQ-M (Milk Version) questionnaires, exclusive breastfeeding history obtained through interviews with questionnaires, anthropometric data measured using digital scales and microtoas. Data analysis used independent t-test and Mann Whitney test. The results of this study showed there were significant differences in energy intake (p=0.000), carbohydrates (p=0.023), protein (p=0.000), fat (p=0.000), and exclusive breastfeeding history (p=0.003) and there was no significant difference in food parenting (p=0.632) between wasting and non-wasting toddlers. Parents are expected to pay attention to food intake and provide exclusive breastfeeding.

This activity is a workshop that aims to provide insight and skills to the guardians of Kasih Bunda Kindergarten students regarding parenting strategies related to financial management and the importance of children's mental health. This activity discusses how to teach the value of money and financial management to children with educational and fun methods. The workshop was also accompanied by an interactive question and answer session, distribution of Supplementary Food (PMT) for children, and a group photo session as a symbol of togetherness. This activity has a positive impact in the form of increasing parents' knowledge about children's financial management, strengthening the relationship between guardians and schools, and supporting children's physical and mental growth and development.This study aims to determine the effect of price and product quality on purchase intention of Toyota Agya cars in Tuban City.

The purpose of this study is (1) to understand the ways and applications to improve the character of civic disposition-based manners  in grade XI students at Colomadu High School, (2) for what are the obstacles when improving the character of civic disposition-based manners  in grade XI students through PPKn learning, (3) to find out the efforts to overcome  obstacles in improving the character of students' manners. A qualitative research method with a type of case study that determines the views of the subject studied and observed in detail and in depth. The location of this research is at SMA N Colomadu. This research involved the Principal, Vice Principal for Student Affairs, PPKn Teachers, and Students.  Interviews, documentation, and observations were used in this study. The study uses source triangulation in checking the validity of the data and triangulation techniques to show the suitability of the research material with the reality in the field. The data analysis technique used is an interactive qualitative descriptive model that begins with data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that (1) the activities carried out by the school are activities with parents such as routine parenting activities, and students are always given motivation, literacy, and spirituality regarding the importance of civic disposition-based manners. (2) The obstacles faced by students do not understand the importance of politeness and cannot sort out negative things on social media and association. (3) Activities carried out as an improvement in the character  of civic disposition-based manners  in PPKn learning are by using project-based methods or analyzing case studies to improve students' polite character. They are given direction and guidance so that they have a good relationship and have morals that are in accordance with manners. Keywords: Character of Manners, Civic Disposition, Students, PPKn Learning  

The level of aggressiveness and violent crime among teenagers is increasing, with social psychological factors playing an important role in this phenomenon. This research aims to understand the root causes of aggres sive behavior in adolescents and its impact, in order to develop effective intervention strategies. Through literature study methods, this research collects, reads, records and analyzes objectively, systematically, analytically and critically the social and psychological impacts of aggressiveness among adolescents. Results from a review of several journals show that aggressive adolescent behavior is caused by various factors, including hormonal changes, brain development, family parenting, domestic violence, mental disorders, peer influence, and media exposure.  

Nutritional problems can jeopardize the survival of a country. The nutritional condition of each individual reflects the physiological demands of that individual, because if these needs are not met, nutrition-related health problems will arise. Children's health and nutritional status are interrelated. When a child's health deteriorates due to an infectious disease, their appetite is affected and they consume less food, resulting in less nutrients entering the body. Journals in this literature review used 3 databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using the words malnutrition, child, 2-5 years. The literature search was adjusted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search results obtained 10 journals consisting of 4 national journals and 6 international journals. The results showed that the risk factors for malnutrition in children aged 2-5 years were inadequate nutritional intake, parental education and knowledge, infectious diseases, parenting, environmental sanitation and socioeconomic factors.

This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to examine the impact of social media on the honesty of teenagers toward their parents in Stabat Lama Barat Village. The aim of this research is to describe the extent to which the use of social media influences teenagers’ honest behavior in communication and interaction with their parents. In an increasingly advanced digital era, social media is not only a source of entertainment but also has a significant influence on character development and moral values, including honesty. The results show that some teenagers tend to hide their social media activities from their parents, either due to privacy concerns, fear of being scolded, or the desire to create a certain image online. This behavior leads to reduced openness and honesty in their daily lives. However, there are also teenagers who are able to use social media wisely while upholding honesty within the family. Factors such as moral education at home, parenting styles, and social environment play an important role in shaping honest attitudes among teenagers despite the rapid growth of digitalization.

Early childhood development is a crucial phase in human life, marked by rapid changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. This study aims to explore in depth the growth process and unique characteristics of early childhood using a qualitative approach through literature review methods. The findings reveal that young children possess high curiosity, vivid imagination, and strong dependence on adults in learning and social behavior formation. Physical development progresses rapidly, while cognitive and socio-emotional development are significantly influenced by environmental stimulation, parenting style, and social interaction. Understanding these characteristics and developmental needs allows educators and parents to implement more effective approaches in supporting children's growth. This study emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, supportive, and responsive environment as a foundation for future educational success and character building.

he digital era brings significant changes in various aspects of life, including early childhood (ECD) parenting patterns. Easy access to gadgets ultimately results in excessive use that has a negative impact on children's growth and development. This study aims to examine strategies for overcoming the impact of excessive gadget use on ECD through optimizing Holistic Integrative Early Childhood Education (PAUD HI) services at TK Negeri Pembina Salakan. The methods used are literature studies and participatory observations of the implementation of the PAUD HI program. The results of the study indicate that the PAUD HI approach that includes integrated education, health, nutrition, care, protection, and welfare services can be an effective solution. At TK Negeri Pembina Salakan, its implementation is realized through learning activities that stimulate all aspects of development, active involvement of parents in digital parenting education, provision of an environment rich in non-gadget stimulation, and collaboration with health services and the community. It is concluded that PAUD HI has a strategic role in mitigating the negative risks of gadgets and supporting optimal growth and development of ECD.

The purpose of this study is to describe what Special Strategies are carried out by teachers in developing the independence of early childhood in group A at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa. And what factors influence the independence of early childhood in group A aged 4-5 years at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative using observation, interview and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses the concept of Miles and Hubermen, with the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the specific strategies given by teachers in developing the independence of early childhood in group A at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa are 1) Teachers encourage children to carry out their daily activities independently without the help of others, 2) Provide opportunities for children to make their own decisions, 3) provide opportunities for children to play without being accompanied, 4) Give children the opportunity to do something themselves even though they often make mistakes 5) Encourage children to express their feelings and ideas, and 6) Train children to socialize and adapt so that children can learn to face complex social problems. Factors that can influence the independence of early childhood in Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa are parenting factors and environmental factors.