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Spinach (Amaranthus spp.) is a vegetable plant that is highly dependent on the availability of light and nutrients for its growth. Proper spacing plays an important role in influencing a plant's access to light and nutrients, which ultimately impacts its yield. This study examines the impact of planting distance on light and nutrient competition in spinach. Planting spacing that is too tight can lead to intense competition between plants, reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis, and increase the risk of etiolation in lower plants. On the contrary, planting spacing that is too wide reduces land use efficiency and increases the likelihood of weed growth. The ideal planting distance ranges from 15-20 cm between plants, which ensures maximum utilization of light and nutrients without resulting in excessive competition, thus supporting optimal growth and yield

Background: Teenage pregnancy remains a significant public health concern due to its potential risks to both mother and child, including health complications, social challenges, and educational disruption. One of the factors influencing teenage pregnancy is parental patterns, which include parenting styles, communication, supervision, and emotional support. Studies have shown that adolescents from families with authoritarian or neglectful parenting are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior, increasing the risk of early pregnancy. Understanding the relationship between parental patterns and teenage pregnancy can help develop targeted interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancies. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental patterns and the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Methods: A quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The sample consisted of 30 teenage mothers selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing parental patterns, including communication, supervision, and emotional support, as well as information about pregnancy incidence. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine the statistical relationship between parental patterns and teenage pregnancy incidence. Results: The study found that 30 respondents (100%) reported experiencing parental patterns that influenced their behavior. Among them, teenagers from families with supportive and communicative parenting had a lower risk of teenage pregnancy. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant relationship between parental patterns and the incidence of teenage pregnancy (p = 0.000), indicating that parental guidance and involvement play a critical role in preventing early pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parental patterns and the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Supportive and communicative parental patterns reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy, while neglectful or authoritarian patterns increase the risk. These findings highlight the importance of parental involvement, education, and guidance in adolescent reproductive health.

There are many patterns of breast cancer change that make it a global health challenge. The research aims to propose an expanded gamma distribution with parameters and apply it to data for (103) patients with breast cancer. Data normality tests were used, such as the Kolmigrov-Smirnov test, the Anderson-Darling test, and the Chi-square test, to fit the real data. The parameters of the proposed distribution were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. It was found that there is a large difference in the real data with positive Skewness in it. The maximum likelihood estimates reflected the suitability of the data to the proposed distribution, which indicates the accuracy of the obtained results.

The angulation of third molars plays a crucial role in dental health and orthodontic outcomes. This review examines changes in third molar mesioangulation after orthodontic treatment, comparing cases involving first premolar extractions with non-extraction protocols. Research has shown that premolar extractions often result in significant improvements in third molar angulation, promoting easier eruption and reducing the likelihood of impactions. Conversely, non-extraction cases generally demonstrate less favorable changes, with a higher frequency of impactions and limited spontaneous correction of molar positioning. The extent and direction of these changes depend on individual factors such as the degree of crowding and the developmental stage of the third molars at the start of treatment. Premolar extraction during orthodontic procedures appears to enhance third molar angulation, potentially lowering the risk of impaction and reducing the need for surgical removal. However, some studies highlight the influence of individual anatomical variations, suggesting that premolar extraction does not consistently produce uniform angulation changes in all patients. Therefore, orthodontic treatment planning should weigh the potential advantages of premolar extractions in improving third molar alignment, especially for patients with a higher risk of molar impaction

This study aims to use the fishbone diagram as a tool to identify the causes of damage to the feeder mechanism of scrap machines and to develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that can improve performance and reduce the level of damage. This diagram is used to evaluate various elements that contribute to the damage of the feeder mechanism, such as human, machine, material, method, and environmental factors. Through this evaluation, the main causes of the damage can be identified, and appropriate corrective actions can be formulated. In addition, this research also aims to design SOPs that ensure more efficient operation of the scrap machine and reduce the likelihood of operational errors. The implementation of mechanism improvements and SOPs is expected to enhance the reliability of the scrap machine, reduce downtime, and increase productivity in the mechanical technology laboratory. The findings of this study are expected to make a significant contribution to the development of management systems and equipment maintenance in both industrial and educational sectors.  

Cognitive and non-cognitive abilities are essential indicators in assessing an individual's human resource (HR) capacity. Cognitive abilities refer to intellectual potential, while non-cognitive abilities encompass social and emotional aspects. This study aims to analyze the relationship between cognitive and non-cognitive skills and preferences for formal or informal employment sectors. The research utilizes secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) conducted in 2014 and employs a probit regression method with several control variables. The analysis reveals that cognitive skills have a significantly positive association with the likelihood of working in the formal sector. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of individual skills in determining employment sector choices.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of store atmosphere and customer lifestyle on purchasing behavior, focusing specifically on Parewa customers. Employing a quantitative survey methodology, the research integrates an explanatory approach with a correlational design to explore the relationships between these variables. The study follows a cross-sectional framework, with data collected at a single point in time. The individual purchaser serves as the unit of analysis, and the research is carried out within a natural, real-world environment. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant and positive correlation between store atmosphere and customers' purchasing decisions. This implies that an inviting and comfortable store environment increases the likelihood of customer purchases at Parewa. Additionally, the results show a significant positive correlation between lifestyle and purchasing behavior, suggesting that customers with enhanced lifestyles are more inclined to purchase Parewa products. These insights underline the importance of aligning store ambiance and customer lifestyle preferences to drive sales effectively.  

Background:   The fovea ethmoidalis and the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone are the parts of the skull base that are most vulnerable to iatrogenic problems during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The vertical height of the cribriform plate's lateral lamella, which is divided into three groups based on Keros types. According to the Keros, The likelihood of iatrogenic injury and issues increases with the cribriform plate's lateral lamella height.   Aim of the study:   The aim of this study is to assess the discrepancies in the ethmoid roof elevation (the depth of the olfactory fossa) amongst the adult Kirkuk population using multi-detector computed tomography.   Patients and methods: 160 persons who were referred for a CT scan to evaluate their paranasal sinuses participated in the study. Participants in this study were not allowed to have any pathological abnormalities affecting the ethmoid roof. According to the Keros classification, which was split into three groups (Keros I from 1 to 3 mm, and from 4 to 7 mm considered Keros II, while Keros III should be from 8 mm and more), the vertical height of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate was measured using the coronal portion of a CT image. Results: The patients' average age was 35.25 ±14.16 years. The range of the left lateral lamella height is 2.1 to 10.0 mm, and the range of the right lateral lamella height is 2.0 to 9.9 mm. Of these, 43.75% had Keros type I, 55% had Keros type II, and 1.25% had Keros type III.   Conclusion: Keros type II was present in the majority (about 55%) of the adult population in that was studied while Keros type I was (about 43.75%). However, just (about 1.25%) of the adults population in the sample had Keros type III.

This study aims to examine the influence of Brand Awareness on the Purchase Intention of consumers of SilverQueen chocolate products in the Tangerang area. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with survey techniques, involving 100 respondents from various demographic backgrounds. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed with SPSS software. The results of the validity test show that all indicators used to measure Brand Awareness and Purchase Intention are valid, with the calculated r value exceeding the table r value and significance below 0.05. The reliability test shows a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.936, indicating that the questionnaire has very good consistency. The normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests indicate that the regression model meets the classical assumptions. The results of the coefficient of determination (R²) analysis indicate that Brand Awareness contributes 11.9% to Purchase Intention. The t-test shows that Brand Awareness has a significant positive effect on Purchase Intention, with a calculated t value of 3.630, greater than the t-table value, and a significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. These findings confirm that the higher the level of Brand Awareness, the greater the likelihood that consumers will purchase SilverQueen products. This research provides valuable insights for the company in designing effective marketing strategies, emphasizing the importance of increasing Brand Awareness to boost consumer purchase interest.    

The management of service centers at the Indonesian Rede Cross (PMI) in East Jakarta is still conducted manually, which slows down service processes and increases the likelihood of data processing erorrs. This research aims to design a Java-based application to automate patient registration, admission, handling, emergency services, available ambulance data, and the preparation of reports as quickly as possible. The application was developed using the Java programming language with a prototype model approach in software development. Testing results indicate that this application successfully enhances the efficiency and accuracy of PMI East Jakarta’s operations, particularly in managing data related to patients, actions, personnel, and ambulance availability. It is hoped that this application can be integrated with other PMI regions to establish a more structured and connected service management system.

This study aims to analyze the influence of training and work motivation on employee turnover at the BIPTAK Training Center in Semarang City. Employee turnover is a challenge for organizations as it can affect stability and work productivity. This research employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between the independent variables—training and work motivation—and the dependent variable—employee turnover. The findings indicate that training has a negative and significant effect on employee turnover, meaning that the better the training provided, the lower the employee turnover rate. Additionally, work motivation also has a negative and significant effect on employee turnover, suggesting that the higher the work motivation, the lower the likelihood of employees leaving the company. These findings highlight the importance of improving training programs and motivation strategies to reduce employee turnover rates within organizations.

This article examines effective contract drafting approaches for reducing the likelihood of disputes in business dealings. Contracts are a crucial legal tool in an increasingly complicated corporate world, governing the rights and obligations of the parties. However, many contracts are poorly constructed, causing uncertainty and the possibility of lawsuits. The paper discusses several contract drafting approaches, such as employing clear and straightforward wording, establishing realistic terms and conditions, and incorporating a dispute resolution mechanism. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the need of completing due diligence on all parties involved and understanding the necessary legal background. By taking these procedures, parties can lessen the chance of disputes while boosting legal certainty throughout contract implementation. The study's findings are expected to assist legal experts and business owners in developing more effective and efficient contract language.

This study aims to analyse the relationship between the level of health knowledge and the use of herbal therapy in hypertensive patients in Aldehia (One-Sere, Casmuto, Suli-Ua), Suco Buruma, Posto Administrativo Baucau, Municipiu Baucau, Timor Leste in 2024.  This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of hypertensive patients in Aldehia (One-Sere, Casmuto, Suli-Ua), Suco Buruma, Posto Administrativo Baucau, Municipiu Baucau, Timor Leste in 2024. The sample was selected by random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with variables of health knowledge, use of herbal therapy, and other factors that influence the decision to use herbal therapy.65% of hypertensive patients have a low level of health knowledge and 67.5% do not use herbal therapy. There was a significant relationship between the level of health knowledge and the use of herbal therapy. Statistical tests showed that a better level of health knowledge tended to be associated with increased use of herbal therapy, with a significant p-value (p = 0.000), which suggests that health knowledge influences patients' decision to adopt herbal therapy. Education level was significantly associated with herbal therapy use (p = 0.015), where higher education level increased the likelihood of herbal therapy use (Exp(B) = 2.034). This study shows the importance of improving health knowledge and education in influencing the use of herbal therapy among hypertensive patients.

PT Rhoda Bakti Jaya is a company located on Jl. Pegangsaan Dua, Blok A1 Km 1.6, Kelapa Gading, Rt 05 / Rw 02 Kec. Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta .PT Rhoda Bakti Jaya is a company engaged in manufacturing PT. Rhoda Bakti Jaya is a company operating in the industrial sector which is located at JL. Pegangsaan Dua, Blok A1 Km 1.6, Kelapa Gading, Rt 05/ Rw 02 Kec. Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta. This company produces various types of components for trucks, namely truck frame or chassis components, brake components and pistons and brake cylinders. This job has a high risk of accidents so that it causes many accidents to workers. Therefore, in this research, using the HAZOP method, we can analyze the level of risk using likelihood, consequences and put it into the risx matrix scale.

Russiva and Crookes proposed the widely used, highly efficient, robust Q-score parameter scale in their 1993 work, and they approximated it using "fast" Huber's M-scores. Shown What proposed us M-scores are highly efficient and robust on arbitrary nom distributions, thanks to correct choice parameter approximations. We pay particular attention to the Cauchy divisions  and cases of Gaussian distribution . Important terms: Cauchy's law, parameter scale, robustness, and Gaussian distribution With the Q-estimate as a foundation, the M-estimates of the scale parameter are very efficient and robust. Rousseeuw and Croux (1993) proposed the scale parameter of Q-estimate, which is often used with fast Huber M-estimates, and we were able to get rather close to it. By meticulously choosing the approximation parameters, we proved that the proposed M-estimates are efficient and resilient for any data distribution. In order to measure the robustness and efficiency of scale M estimates , we calculated their asymptotic variances; breakdown points , and influence functions. The Cauchy and Gaussian distributions were our main focus. Notably, the proposed robust estimate is consistent the Maximum likelihood estimation for the Cauchy distribution. Last but not least, these robust and efficient scale estimates need three to four times less computing time than their comparable Q-estimates. The research provides robust and efficient solutions for estimating distribution parameters more quickly and with less complexity, making them suitable for applications requiring fast and accurate computations.  

The purpose of this study is to examine how school leadership can resolve teacher conflicts and how this affects educational institutions' overall performance. In the school setting, teacher conflict is frequently inevitable and can negatively affect the collaborative environment, work climate, and attainment of educational objectives. It is crucial for school leadership to mediate, manage, and resolve disputes so that they don't degrade the overall performance of the organization. This study examines numerous theories and empirical research on school leadership, conflict resolution techniques, and their effects on output and workplace culture using a qualitative approach and literature study methodologies. The study's findings demonstrate the importance of effective leadership philosophies like transformational and participative leadership in reducing the likelihood of conflict escalation and fostering productive working relationships. Furthermore, effective dispute resolution can boost the institution's reputation, enhance instructor effectiveness, and establish a positive learning environment. According to this study, school principals should possess both strong managerial abilities and interpersonal skills that enable them to facilitate productive dispute resolution.

Community development programs are very important in reducing poverty and enhancing societal prosperity by improving quality of life, fostering economic empowerment, and promoting inclusivity. However, not all the programs have success as expected. This study examines ten evaluation studies of community development programs across various areas and tries to find common weaknesses. A qualitative analysis of evaluation studies identifies shortcomings in three domains i.e. program design and management, stakeholder engagement and participation, and external resource constraints. It is argued that these shortcomings are largely predictable and highlight the need for proactive strategies. The paper suggests that embedding risk management into the conception and implementation of community development programs can mitigate these challenges. A simplified framework adapted from project management practices is proposed, encompassing risk identification, measurement, assessment, evaluation, and control. By systematically integrating risk management, community programs can anticipate obstacles, strengthen accountability, and enhance their likelihood of success. Recommendations include applying risk management throughout program cycles and conducting post-implementation evaluations to inform future initiatives.

This meta-analysis investigated the effect of life satisfaction on Sarcoidosis treatment outcomes across 47 studies encompassing 8,932 patients. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and treatment success (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). Patients with high life satisfaction scores (>7.5/10) demonstrated a 73% higher likelihood of achieving remission compared to those with low scores (<5/10) (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.31-3.49). Regression analysis indicated that each one-point increase in life satisfaction scores was associated with an 18% reduction in Sarcoidosis relapse rates (β = -0.18, p = 0.002). Treatment adherence and health behaviors were found to mediate the relationship between life satisfaction and Sarcoidosis treatment outcomes, accounting for 42% and 35% of the variance, respectively. Moderator analyses demonstrated stronger effects among patients with disease duration <5 years (p = 0.011) and those with mild to moderate disease severity (p = 0.003). These findings extend the work of Lee et al. (2020) and Martínez-García et al. (2021) by demonstrating a more pronounced effect of life satisfaction on Sarcoidosis treatment compared to other chronic conditions. Notably, contrary to Saketkoo et al (2021) previous study, the effect of life satisfaction remained significant even after controlling for patients' socioeconomic factors (β = 0.41, p < 0.001). These results underscore the crucial role of psychosocial interventions in enhancing Sarcoidosis treatment efficacy, offering new perspectives in the management of this chronic condition.

Balai PIALAM, namely the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of the PUP-ESDM Office of the DIY Regional Government, is a centralized wastewater treatment plant. The problems that exist in Balai PIALAM are temporary storage of B3 waste does not meet the criteria, leaking storage, excessive capacity, methods that can be used to overcome B3 waste are using the HIRARC method, based on 9 activities of the B3 waste management process. Impact of hazard risk with research results Risk level: Medium 4 hazard effect 6.33%, High2 hazard effect 2.11%, extreme1 hazard effect 1.6%. The stages of making HIRARC are: decomposing the work into steps from the beginning to the end of the process, identifying the source of danger, determining the hazard posed by means of interviews, observations, observations, brainstorming, determining the impact on environmental workers, assessing the likelihood of occurrence is used to determine risk rating. Testing period January 2024, t BOD Input (min 99 mg/L,max 458 mg/L), Output (min 10 mg/L,max 59 mg/L), Average (input 206 mg/L, output 30 mg/L), testing period February 2024, testing t BOD Input (min 84 mg/L, max 288 mg/L), Output (min 12 mg/L, max 43 mg/L), Average (input 154 mg/L, output 24 mg/L). Use of APD such as laboratory coats, masks, special gloves, safety shoes, protective helmets and life vests, face shields. As well as implementing SOP. Control of hazards or risks both in laboratory and operational testing activities using APD: gloves, laboratory coats, safety shoes, protective glasses, masks, life vests, and special vests according to the work done and affirmation of SOP.

Diabetes is one of the non-communicable diseases that is considered dangerous due to its susceptibility to complications. This disease is caused by high blood sugar levels in a person's body, which makes the blood more alkaline and slows down the metabolic process. In this study, we observed 8 variables that are considered influential in diabetes and will build a regression model that can predict the response variable (y) through Logistic Regression Analysis. Logistic Regression Analysis is a statistical analysis method used to describe the relationship between a dependent variable with two or more categories and one or more independent variables that are categorical or continuous. Based on the results, the logistic regression model for factors influencing diabetes in the Indian Pima tribe includes variables such as number of pregnancies, glucose level, blood pressure, body mass index, and diabetes pedigree function