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Health program planning is an essential process in improving public health status through a systematic and data-driven approach. This study aimed to analyze health program planning based on situational analysis and the problem solving cycle (PSC), as well as to identify the root causes of problems using the fishbone approach. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method supported by simple quantitative data. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving purposively selected informants. The results of the situational analysis identified several major health problems, including stunting, low posyandu attendance, and limited maternal knowledge regarding nutrition. Priority setting using the USG method determined stunting as the main health issue. Furthermore, root cause analysis using a fishbone diagram revealed that stunting was influenced by various factors related to man, machine, method, material, environment, money, and management. The application of the problem solving cycle facilitated systematic intervention planning, including nutrition education, community empowerment, and child growth monitoring. Program implementation demonstrated improvements in maternal knowledge and posyandu attendance. In conclusion, health program planning based on situational analysis, fishbone analysis, and the problem solving cycle proved effective in producing targeted and sustainable interventions.

Health program planning is an essential process in improving public health status through a systematic and data-driven approach. This study aimed to analyze health program planning based on situational analysis and the problem solving cycle (PSC), as well as to identify the root causes of problems using the fishbone approach. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method supported by simple quantitative data. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving purposively selected informants. The results of the situational analysis identified several major health problems, including stunting, low posyandu attendance, and limited maternal knowledge regarding nutrition. Priority setting using the USG method determined stunting as the main health issue. Furthermore, root cause analysis using a fishbone diagram revealed that stunting was influenced by various factors related to man, machine, method, material, environment, money, and management. The application of the problem solving cycle facilitated systematic intervention planning, including nutrition education, community empowerment, and child growth monitoring. Program implementation demonstrated improvements in maternal knowledge and posyandu attendance. In conclusion, health program planning based on situational analysis, fishbone analysis, and the problem solving cycle proved effective in producing targeted and sustainable interventions.

The provision of herbal-based complementary feeding (MP-ASI) has several positive impacts, including improving mothers’ understanding and skills in preparing complementary foods from local food ingredients in accordance with local customs and socio-cultural practices, thereby enabling mothers to independently continue providing local complementary feeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of training on the preparation of herbal-based complementary feeding for mothers of children under three years old on their knowledge and skills in preparing complementary feeding. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design and was conducted at Kanda Public Health Center. The population consisted of all mothers with children under three years old in the working area of Kanda Public Health Center, totaling 245 mothers. The sample size in this study was 35 respondents. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference in mothers’ knowledge before and after the training on complementary feeding preparation, with a significance value of 0.000.

Inappropriate complementary feeding (MPASI) practices remain a public health concern, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life, as they contribute to the risk of growth disorders such as stunting. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and maternal decision-making processes with complementary feeding practices based on consumer behavior theory. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 240 mothers with children aged 6–23 months in the working area of Puskesmas Putat Jaya, Surabaya. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant relationships between socioeconomic status and decision-making processes, as well as between decision-making processes and complementary feeding practices (p<0.05). Mothers with higher socioeconomic status tended to have better decision-making processes and more appropriate feeding practices. However, overall practices were not fully aligned with recommended standards. These findings indicate that improving complementary feeding practices requires not only knowledge enhancement but also strengthening maternal decision-making capacity within their socioeconomic context.

Iron deficiency anemia remains a major public health problem among pregnant women in Indonesia, with a national prevalence of 37.1% and higher rates in regions such as Brebes Regency. Adequate nutritional knowledge and sufficient iron intake are expected to prevent decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) levels during the third trimester. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge, iron intake adequacy, and Hb levels among third-trimester pregnant women at Puskesmas Brebes. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 62 respondents using total sampling. Data were collected through a nutritional knowledge questionnaire, a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to assess iron intake based on the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 27 mg/day, and Hb measurement using a digital device. The prevalence of anemia was 32.3%, with a mean Hb level of 11.25 ± 1.74 g/dL. Most respondents had high nutritional knowledge (72.6%), but 79.0% had inadequate iron intake. Chi-Square analysis showed no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and Hb levels (p=0.109) or between iron intake adequacy and Hb levels (p=0.426). Other factors, including iron absorption inhibitors, compliance with iron supplementation, nutritional status, and limited sample size, may have influenced the results.

The rise of the digital business era presents both opportunities and challenges for SME operators, particularly regarding legal aspects of business and unfair competition. This community service initiative aims to enhance the legal literacy and capacity of SME operators in Surakarta through educational and practical legal support. The methods employed included a pre-test to measure initial understanding, a legal needs assessment to identify participants’ legal requirements, the presentation of materials and interactive discussions as forms of intervention, and a post-test to evaluate improvements in understanding. The results of the activity demonstrated a significant improvement in participants’ legal knowledge and awareness, particularly regarding business contracts, digital transactions, and the risks of unfair competition. Furthermore, there was a shift in participants’ mindset, as they began to view the law as a strategic tool in running their businesses. Nevertheless, this initiative still faces challenges such as time constraints and the need for more intensive follow-up support. Consequently, legal support based on the actual needs of MSME operators has proven effective and requires continuous development to strengthen the competitiveness and legal protection of MSMEs in the digital age.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the global health problems that requires long-term therapy, one of which is through hemodialysis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adherence to treatment and diet is a key factor in improving the quality of life for patients with chronic diseases. An appropriate diet plays an important role in controlling electrolyte levels, fluids, and toxic substances in the body. This study aims to describe the knowledge and dietary compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025.This research used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 patients selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on dietary guidelines for hemodialysis patients according to WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health standards. The results showed that among the 36 hemodialysis patients, 15 respondents (41.7%) had a good level of knowledge, 14 respondents (38.9%) had a moderate level, and 7 respondents (19.4%) had a low level of knowledge. Regarding dietary compliance, 13 respondents (36.1%) were compliant, 18 respondents (50.0%) were moderately compliant, and 3 respondents (13.9%) were non-compliant. There was a tendency showing that higher knowledge levels were positively correlated with better dietary compliance, in line with WHO’s principle that health education is an essential intervention in managing chronic diseases. This study recommends strengthening ongoing educational programs by healthcare professionals, particularly in delivering accurate and easy-to-understand information about diet management for hemodialysis patients.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the global health problems that requires long-term therapy, one of which is through hemodialysis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adherence to treatment and diet is a key factor in improving the quality of life for patients with chronic diseases. An appropriate diet plays an important role in controlling electrolyte levels, fluids, and toxic substances in the body. This study aims to describe the knowledge and dietary compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025.This research used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 patients selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on dietary guidelines for hemodialysis patients according to WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health standards. The results showed that among the 36 hemodialysis patients, 15 respondents (41.7%) had a good level of knowledge, 14 respondents (38.9%) had a moderate level, and 7 respondents (19.4%) had a low level of knowledge. Regarding dietary compliance, 13 respondents (36.1%) were compliant, 18 respondents (50.0%) were moderately compliant, and 3 respondents (13.9%) were non-compliant. There was a tendency showing that higher knowledge levels were positively correlated with better dietary compliance, in line with WHO’s principle that health education is an essential intervention in managing chronic diseases. This study recommends strengthening ongoing educational programs by healthcare professionals, particularly in delivering accurate and easy-to-understand information about diet management for hemodialysis patients.

Diarrhea is a common health problem among school-aged children. Factors influencing its occurrence include knowledge of healthy food and the habit of consuming snacks within the school environment. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits with diarrhea cases at SDN 81 Manado. This research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 respondents were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires addressing both variables. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of ρ ≤ 0.05. The findings revealed that 35 respondents (75.0%) had poor knowledge of healthy food, and 32 respondents (64.0%) experienced diarrhea. Additionally, 42 respondents (84.0%) reported poor snack consumption habits, with 37 respondents (74.0%) experiencing diarrhea (29 males and 21 females). Chi-Square analysis produced a ρ-value of 0.001, which is lower than the alpha level (α = 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between knowledge of healthy food, snack consumption habits, and diarrhea cases. The study concludes that both knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits are significantly associated with diarrhea among school-aged children. Parental involvement is essential in educating children about healthy food choices as a preventive measure against diarrhea.

Diarrhea is a common health problem among school-aged children. Factors influencing its occurrence include knowledge of healthy food and the habit of consuming snacks within the school environment. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits with diarrhea cases at SDN 81 Manado. This research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 respondents were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires addressing both variables. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of ρ ≤ 0.05. The findings revealed that 35 respondents (75.0%) had poor knowledge of healthy food, and 32 respondents (64.0%) experienced diarrhea. Additionally, 42 respondents (84.0%) reported poor snack consumption habits, with 37 respondents (74.0%) experiencing diarrhea (29 males and 21 females). Chi-Square analysis produced a ρ-value of 0.001, which is lower than the alpha level (α = 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between knowledge of healthy food, snack consumption habits, and diarrhea cases. The study concludes that both knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits are significantly associated with diarrhea among school-aged children. Parental involvement is essential in educating children about healthy food choices as a preventive measure against diarrhea.

This study addresses the issue of suboptimal student academic performance, which is frequently linked to the selection of instructional strategies that do not actively engage learners. Learning outcomes represent a multidimensional construct involving knowledge acquisition, attitude development, and skill formation. Therefore, the application of an appropriate learning model is essential to support meaningful learning experiences. This research aims to investigate the impact of implementing a Problem Based Learning (PBL) model supported by audio-visual media on students’ academic achievement. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed. The study involved two groups: an experimental class receiving the PBL intervention and a control class experiencing conventional instruction. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The findings reveal a statistically significant difference between the two groups, indicated by a significance value below 0.05. This confirms that integrating problem-based strategies with audio-visual support contributes positively to improving students’ learning outcomes. The results highlight the importance of student-centered learning environments in fostering deeper understanding and engagement.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that requires ongoing support and intervention from family and related parties. The role of families, especially parents, is crucial in the admissions process, the provision of emotional support, as well as active involvement in the therapy and social interventions of children with autism. Various studies show that social support and family education contribute significantly to the success of children's growth and development. However, families also face challenges such as limited access to services, social stigma, and lack of knowledge. Effective approaches that can be used such as knowledge enhancement through education, social support networks, and collaboration with professionals. In addition, government policy support and the availability of inclusive services are also important factors in supporting the success of interventions. This study uses a literature review methodology and focuses on the role of families in supporting children with autism holistically to develop a sustainable and effective intervention program based on family needs. These findings are expected to be the basis for the development of a more comprehensive and adaptive family assistance strategy for various socio-cultural conditions.

This study is motivated by the importance of information literacy among students in using the Shopee e-commerce platform. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of information literacy of 2022 cohort students at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, in using the platform e-commerce Shopee. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The population in this study consists of all 2022 cohort students of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, totaling 1,208 students, with a sample of 92 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique based on the Slovin formula. Data collection in this study was conducted using a questionnaire developed based on the The Seven Faces of Information Literacy model, which was distributed online via WhatsApp in the form of Google Forms and directly through QR codes.Based on the confidence interval calculation, the average level of students’ information literacy falls within the range of 3.05 < μ < 3.27, indicating that the information literacy level of 2022 cohort students in using the platform e-commerce Shopee at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, is categorized as high. In general, it can be concluded that students have a good level of information literacy, particularly in aspects of information technology use, utilization of information sources, information searching processes, information control, knowledge construction, knowledge development, and wisdom in using information on the Shopee e-commerce platform.

The development of the digital era is driving the growth of the creative economy and opening up significant opportunities for Generation Z, who are highly familiar with digital technology. This generation has the potential to become key players in the development of digital-based businesses if equipped with adequate knowledge and skills. The community service activity carried out in Ngemplak Village, Boyolali Regency, aims to equip Generation Z with an understanding and skills in digital marketing so they can play an active role in the creative economy. The activity was carried out through socialization methods and direct practice in managing an online store using the Shopee platform, supplemented by materials on the concept of the creative economy, digital business opportunities, online marketing strategies, and the use of social media as a promotional tool. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of digital marketing, improved technical skills in managing online stores, and increased motivation and confidence to start independent businesses. This program is considered effective in encouraging the use of digital media as a productive tool that has economic value and is sustainable for Generation Z.

According to Law No. 20 of 2008, micro enterprises in Indonesia are defined as businesses owned by individuals or sole proprietorships meeting specific asset and turnover criteria. Aneka Keripik Mama Uni, an micro enterprise that has operated for 10 years in Fakfak Regency, yet it still face challenges such as weak branding and limited distribution channels. This community service project aims to provide recommendations and implement effective branding strategies to support the partner's business development. The results demonstrate a significant branding transformation through the rebranding of the business to Camilan Baye. The strategy implementation encompasses the development of five core components: brand identity, brand image, brand personality, brand positioning, and brand elements. Specifically, the program produced modern and informative packaging designs for five product variants Garlic Peanuts, Hidden Peanuts, Fried Spicy Taro, Banana Chips, and Garlic Sticks complete with the Indonesian Halal logo, "100% Indonesia" labels, and clear contact information. Furthermore, marketing reach was expanded through Facebook social media optimization and the creation of offline promotional media in the form of standing banners. The implementation of this activity has successfully enhanced the partner's knowledge, skills, and capabilities in visual trend-based product design and marketing digitalization to support business sustainability in a competitive market.

This study explores how the integrated Resource-Based View (iRBV) and Dynamic Capabilities (DC) explain the early stage of SME internationalization in Indonesia. An exploratory single-case study design is employed on a koi-breeding SME that has engaged in export activities, using a Likert-scale questionnaire to identify VRIN resources, dynamic capabilities, export performance, and internationalization barriers. The findings indicate that the SME possesses relatively strong export market knowledge, network competence, and quality reputation, but remains weak in global certifications, administrative support, and logistical capacity. From a DC perspective, sensing and seizing capabilities are already developed, whereas transforming capability is still limited in terms of reconfiguring the business model, strengthening human resources, and institutionalizing export routines. Overall, the results underscore that the success of SME internationalization is determined not only by the ownership of internal resources, but also by the firm’s ability to reconfigure those resources in the presence of environmental and institutional constraint.

Stunting is a public health problem characterized by impaired growth and development of children due to chronic malnutrition, recurrent infections, and suboptimal parenting. The problem of stunting is still a concern in various regions, including Darma Village, Polewali District, Polewali Mandar Regency which requires family-based interventions through promotive and preventive approaches. Lack of family health literacy, suboptimal use of digital information, and low monitoring of children's growth and development are factors that can affect stunting prevention efforts. This community service activity aims to increase digital health literacy and family promotive-preventive behavior in stunting prevention through the Keluarga Darma CERDAS program. The method of implementing activities uses a participatory health promotion approach through family education, discussions, demonstrations of healthy menus based on local food, delivery of ABCDE messages to prevent stunting, the use of simple digital media such as WhatsApp and digital posters, and family assistance. The target of the activity was 20 families at risk of stunting in Darma Village, Polewali District, Polewali Mandar Regency. This activity is expected to increase family knowledge about stunting prevention, improve the family's ability to access correct health information, strengthen the role of the family in monitoring child growth and development, and form a family digital education group as a medium for continuous mentoring. The output of activities is in the form of increasing family health literacy, Darma Cerdas Sehat education modules, digital health promotion media, and family empowerment models in an effort to accelerate community-based stunting prevention.

Thomas Aquinas was a major figure in the Era of Scholasticism in the Middle Ages, who was very influential and famous for driving the Western world's resistance to Augustine and Plato's teachings on Eastern mysticism that are still preserved. According to Thomas Aquinas, faith and reason are processes in Christian philosophy. However, please note that this is not possible due to a limitation of reason. Although reason does not transcend mystery, reason can facilitate the understanding of the mystery of God, whereas faith is an intermediary to bridge man's mind with God. Although mystery can overcome the intellect, the two are complementary understandings. Thus, Thomas concludes that two kinds of knowledge do not contradict each other, but that stand side by side, namely natural knowledge, which is based on rare intellect and has things of a general human nature as its object, and the knowledge of faith, which is based on revelation and has divine truth, which is in the scriptures, as its object. Thomas himself provided 5 proofs that God is always there.

This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of the community, particularly women in the Family Welfare Movement (PKK), in sweet corn cultivation as an effort to optimize the use of yard land and strengthen household food security. The activity was conducted in Tanah Merah Village, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency, using a participatory approach. The methods used included outreach, technical cultivation training, interactive discussions, and ongoing mentoring. The material provided covered selecting superior seeds, planting techniques, fertilization, pest and disease control, and harvesting and post-harvest stages. The results of the activity demonstrated an increase in participants' understanding and skills in applying proper sweet corn cultivation techniques. Furthermore, there was a shift in community attitudes, leading to greater awareness of the importance of productive and sustainable yard land use. This activity also encouraged the emergence of small-scale, home-based agricultural initiatives with the potential to increase family income. Thus, this program not only contributes to community capacity building but also supports food independence and sustainable economic well-being at the local level.

This community service activity aimed to improve farmers’ knowledge and skills in implementing selection strategies and simple recording systems for local goats to support increased livestock productivity. The activity was conducted at the Sumber Tani Baru Livestock Farmer Group, Poasia District, Kendari City, targeting local goat farmers. The method used was a participatory approach, including observation, counseling, training, demonstrations, and mentoring. The results showed an improvement in farmers’ knowledge and skills in selecting superior does and bucks, as well as in recording livestock data. Farmers were able to identify superior animals based on specific criteria and began to implement simple recording systems to monitor livestock performance. In addition, farmer participation was relatively high, as indicated by active involvement in discussions and field practices. This activity proved effective in enhancing farmers’ capacity and has the potential to support sustainable improvement in local goat productivity.