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The standard of proof is the foundation that keeps the criminal justice system from turning into a repressive tool to prevent state power from imposing arbitrary sentences. However, in the midst of technological developments, it has created an unstable evidence landscape that threatens the continuity of the legitimacy of the law itself without a standard of proof that can be objectively verified. This study uses a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The data collection method is collected using literature studies, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that maintaining the existence of the standard of proof is no longer adequate if it is not accompanied by a responsible and adaptive reformulation to the complexity of contemporary evidence. Exploration of alternative forms of evidence offers opportunities to increase precision and transparency that have been difficult to achieve with traditional mechanisms, but all of these innovations can only contribute constructively if they are placed within a strict legal and ethical framework, given the inherent risks such as algorithmic bias, the reduction of judicial convictions to statistics without context, and gaps in accountability between jurisdictions in the application of forensic technology.

The education system in Indonesia comprises a series of interconnected components and educational activities aimed at achieving national education goals. With the growing demands for educational reform, policies related to education have undergone several modifications. Every individual in the country has the right and obligation to attain a decent life; however, in reality, many are still unable to experience genuine well-being. This situation arises because the government and leaders tend to prioritize rights over fulfilling their responsibilities. The methodology employed is qualitative, The research findings indicate that the education policies implemented have not yet fully reached all segments of society, particularly vulnerable groups, despite the presence of public participation in forums such as Musrenbang. Moreover, the success of implementation largely depends on effective coordination between central and regional governments, as well as adequate socio-political support.

The growth of fashion UMKM in Indonesia through digital marketplace platforms has made a major contribution to the national economy, especially in job creation and developing creative product exports. However, this development also presents new challenges in the field of taxation, especially after the enactment of Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP). This study aims to analyze the principle of tax fairness for fashion UMKM operating through marketplaces, reviewed from a normative legal approach. The appointment of the market as a VAT collector and the continued implementation of Final Income Tax raises the potential for a double burden and inconsistency with the principles of vertical and horizontal justice in taxation. The results of the study show that the regulations in the Law on HPP do not fully reflect justice, legal certainty, and legal benefits, and risk pushing UMKM towards informality. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust technical policies that are more proportional to the capacity of UMKM actors, in order to realize an inclusive and equitable taxation system.

This research aims to analyze the compatibility of the sea sand export policy, as outlined in Government Regulation No. 26 of 2023 and its implementing regulations in Minister of Trade Regulations No. 20 and 21, with the principles of ecological justice. The research is driven by concerns over the ecological impacts of sea sand exploitation and the potential conflict between economic interests and environmental protection. Using a normative juridical approach and analysis of prevailing laws and regulations, the study finds that the current regulatory framework does not fully reflect the principles of ecological justice. The policy fails to ensure equitable protection for coastal communities and the marine environment. Government Regulation No. 26/2023 does not explicitly mandate Environmental Impact Assessments (AMDAL), does not emphasize conservation as a fundamental principle, and allows room for exploitation in vulnerable coastal and small island areas. Moreover, historical data reveals that similar policies in the past have led to coastal erosion, the loss of outermost islands, and state losses due to illegal practices. Therefore, without proper reassessment and alignment with environmental justice principles, this policy risks exacerbating ecological inequalities.

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana ekonomi mikro Islam dapat meningkatkan ketahanan sosial, khususnya di wilayah perkotaan Medan. Berdasarkan nilai-nilai syariah termasuk keadilan, anti-riba, dan solidaritas sosial, ekonomi mikro Islam tidak hanya meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi tetapi juga memperkuat struktur sosial. Masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah dapat memperoleh pendanaan bisnis tanpa bunga dan dukungan kewirausahaan melalui organisasi seperti Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) dan Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS), yang mempromosikan kemandirian ekonomi dan mengurangi kesenjangan sosial. Melalui inisiatif yang bermanfaat, instrumen zakat dan infaq juga berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap pemerataan pendapatan dan pengembangan kohesi sosial. Berdasarkan studi kasus Medan, penerapan ekonomi mikro Islam meningkatkan stabilitas rumah tangga, memperluas peran perempuan, dan menumbuhkan masyarakat yang inklusif. Namun, kendala seperti digitalisasi yang belum memadai dan kesadaran keuangan Islam yang belum memadai masih perlu diatasi. Singkatnya, ekonomi mikro Islam memiliki potensi besar untuk membangun masyarakat perkotaan yang lebih tangguh, mandiri, dan kohesif secara sosial.

This study explores the thoughts of Zaid bin Ali on credit transactions within the framework of economic justice in Islam. The research addresses key issues related to fairness, transparency, and ethical considerations in credit transactions, particularly in avoiding exploitation and ensuring mutual benefit. The study aims to analyze Zaid bin Ali’s perspectives on economic justice and their relevance to contemporary Islamic finance. Using a qualitative approach, this research employs library research methods by examining classical Islamic texts and scholarly interpretations. The findings reveal that Zaid bin Ali emphasized fairness in credit transactions by advocating for clear contractual terms, the prohibition of usury (riba), and the importance of ethical responsibility among transacting parties. His views align with the broader Islamic economic principles that seek to promote justice, balance, and social welfare. The study contributes to the discourse on Islamic economic thought by highlighting the relevance of classical Islamic perspectives in addressing modern financial issues. These findings can serve as a foundation for developing fairer and more ethical financial practices in contemporary Islamic banking and finance.

The development of digital technology has changed many aspects of people's lives, including in terms of social justice. On the one hand, digitalization opens up access to information and accelerates global connectivity. However, on the other hand, various serious challenges have emerged in law enforcement. Inequality in access to technology, algorithmic bias, and the rise of cybercrime are the main issues that test the resilience of the current legal system. This paper aims to explore how the law can play an effective and responsive role in maintaining social justice in the digital era. With a qualitative approach based on literature studies, this article presents an analysis of various current academic literature discussing law, social justice, and technology. The results show that the legal system must be able to adapt quickly, not only at the regulatory level, but also in institutional structures and community participation. The role of society is key to building inclusive and sustainable digital justice. Therefore, law in the digital era is not enough to be just a set of rules, but must be a tool for social empowerment that is able to respond to the dynamics of the times without abandoning the values ​​of justice. Collaboration between stakeholders and strengthening digital literacy are important elements in creating a digital space that is fair for all.

This study aims to analyze the concept of economic justice according to Ibn Taimiyah and examine its relevance to the challenges of the modern economic system. Through a qualitative approach based on literature studies, it was found that principles such as honesty in trade, justice in the distribution of wealth, state involvement in maintaining market balance, and the prohibition of exploitation and monopoly are important foundations in Ibn Taimiyah's thinking. These values ​​have proven to remain contextual in facing the problems of global economic inequality, the dominance of large corporations, and the crisis of social justice in the modern era. The integration of the principles of ethics and justice promoted by Ibn Taimiyah is the key to building a more humane, inclusive, and sustainable economic order

This paper discusses legal protection for children as offenders in the juvenile justice system in Indonesia through a restorative justice approach. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of this approach and the challenges faced in its implementation. The method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach. The research findings indicate that the restorative justice approach offers a more child-friendly resolution mechanism, protects children from social stigma, and focuses on restoring social relationships. However, its implementation is still hindered by a lack of understanding among law enforcement officials, limited resources, and a legal culture that predominantly favors a retributive approach. A synergy among various parties is needed to enhance the effectiveness of legal protection for child offenders.

Advocates are one of the main pillars in the justice system that have a strategic role as law enforcers, human rights defenders, and guardians of justice. However, amidst high public expectations for the integrity and professionalism of advocates, various serious challenges have emerged, one of which is the practice of corruption that can damage the dignity of this profession. This article aims to examine the position of advocates as enforcers of justice from the perspective of professional ethics and the potential for involvement in corruption. Using a normative legal approach, this article analyzes the legal basis and code of ethics of advocates, as well as real case studies as an empirical illustration.      

Caliph Umar bin Khattab was one of the greatest leaders in Islamic history who succeeded in building a fair and transparent economic system through the establishment of Baitul Mal. This institution became the center of state financial management that accumulated funds from various sources such as zakat, kharaj, jizyah, and fa'i, then distributed them for the welfare of society. Umar applied the principles of justice, honesty, and prudence in managing the economy, including progressive fiscal policies such as pension systems, social security, and equitable budget allocation. This study uses a library research method to analyze Umar bin Khattab's economic policies and their relevance to public financial management in a Muslim-majority country like Indonesia. The results of the study show that Umar's economic principles, such as transparency, equity, and community empowerment, can be a solution to overcome the challenges of corruption, social inequality, and budget inefficiency in the modern era.

Berdasarkan Nota Kesepahaman Bersama Nomor 131/KMA/SKB/X/2012 antara Mahkamah Agung, Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia beserta Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia tentang Penetapan Ulang Kriteria Pelanggaran Ringan dan Besaran Denda, Prosedur Pemeriksaan Cepat dan Penerapan Sistem Keadilan Restoratif serta Aturan yang ditetapkan oleh Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Pelanggaran Pidana Dengan Pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif. Perihal mengenai beberapa tindak pidana tertentu, dapat diselesaikan melalui keadilan restoratif. Pelaksanaan keadilan restoratif telah diupayakan dalam kasus pembuangan bayi di Polsek Ngaliyan Kota Semarang. Topik yang diperhatikan dalam riset ini adalah bagaimana penerapan keadilan restoratif terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pembuangan bayi dan bagaimana tinjauan yuridis terhadap penerapan keadilan restoratif di Polsek Ngaliyan Kota Semarang. Pendekatan yuridis normatif diterapkan dalam penelitian ini. Kumpulan data sekunder akan digunakan untuk mendukung temuan-temuan yang ditunjang dengan wawancara oleh Polisi Polsek Ngaliyan yang berpengalaman dalam melaksanakan keadilan restoratif. Temuan penelitian yang didapat, menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan keadilan restoratif terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pembuangan bayi telah direalisasikan selaras dengan Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Pelanggaran Pidana Dengan Pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif. Namun, Peraturan Kepolisian tersebut tidak sejalan dengan implementasi Nota Kesepahaman antara Mahkamah Agung, Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia beserta Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia yang telah turut menandatangani. Polisi Polsek Ngaliyan telah berupaya menegakkan keadilan dengan mengikutsertakan keluarga pelaku untuk mengupayakan pemulihan yang baik dan damai dengan tujuan agar kelangsungan hidup bayi pada akhirnya dapat dipastikan dan pelaku tindak pidana pembuangan bayi ini mendapatkan arahan yang tepat untuk mengembangkan perilaku dan karakter yang baik secara berkesinambungan. Pelaksanaan keadilan restoratif ini turut mengundang perwakilan dari masyarakat Kecamatan Ngaliyan dengan mengutamakan diskusi secara kekeluargaan untuk bersama-sama mencari penyelesaian yang adil melalui perdamaian terhadap perkara tindak pidana pembuangan bayi tersebut.Kata kunci : Keadilan Restoratif, Tindak Pidana Pembuangan Bayi, Peraturan Kepolisian Nomor 8 Tahun 2021.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country rich in ethnic, cultural, religious, and belief diversity. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and belief, yet adherents of traditional beliefs often face discrimination, particularly in marriage registration. This study aims to evaluate and reconstruct the marriage registration system for adherents of traditional beliefs based on Pancasila's social justice principles. The study employs various theories, including the theory of equal freedom of belief, affirmative action, the legal duty to collect what is scattered, and the principle of iustitia socialis. The findings indicate that the integration of marriage registration institutions, simplification of the registration process, training for registration officers, revision of inclusive regulations, and increased public awareness are crucial to overcoming discrimination and ensuring social justice. The implementation of this reconstruction is expected to provide legal certainty and protection of the rights of traditional belief adherents, reflect Pancasila values, and create a more just and inclusive society.

Abstract Indonesia is a country based on law and not based on mere power. A rule of law has a commitment to uphold every human right (HAM) and guarantees that every citizen has equal status before the law. Law has the aim of achieving peace, justice and benefits for society, in order to achieve order and tranquility in order to realize the supremacy of law. To realize legal supremacy, law enforcers are needed. This research uses a type of normative legal research, which is carried out by looking at secondary data or library sources which include primary and secondary legal documents. Criminal justice mechanisms in Indonesia still involve neglect of the Procedural Code. Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), especially in article 56. This is caused by law enforcers who think that the state is only obliged to offer and provide legal advice to accompany the defendant. If sanctions are not regulated for refusing to provide legal advice to the defendant, this will result in losses for the defendant in the investigation process starting from the police level to the judicial process, in which case it can be said that there is a legal vacuum. Keywords: Article 56 KUHAP, Legal Certainty, Legal Justice

This research discusses the implications of Autocratic Legalism Practices for Democracy, Legality and Justice in Law no. 17 of 2023 concerning Health. This research aims to analyze whether the practice of autocratic legalism in Indonesia will have a direct impact on weakening the democratic system adopted by Indonesia. Autocratic legalism describes a person who has power at the legislative, executive and judicial levels by using hidden methods and hiding behind the law to take advantage of people's sovereignty and abandon the principles of constitutionalism, so the problem formulation of this analysis is how the practice of autocratic legalism has an impact on weakening democracy. and how the characteristics of autocratic legalism can impact the validity and fairness of legislative regulations. The benefit of the results of this analysis of autocratic legalism is to find out to what extent the practice of autocratic legalism in Indonesia threatens the principles of constitutionalism and has the potential to develop and spread widely in society and of course will have a negative impact on the democratic system and the validity and fairness of laws and regulations. This legal research uses normative juridical methods, namely based on the main legal materials in the form of theories, concepts, principles and statutory regulations related to the writing of this journal.

Leadership plays an essential role in determining the success of an organization, especially in the field of education. In the context of educational management, a leader not only performs administrative functions but also inspires and motivates all elements within the institution. A well-led educational environment can support individual potential development and encourage innovation. The Islamic perspective views leadership as a trust (amanah) that must be carried out with justice, integrity, and moral responsibility. Islamic principles such as trustworthiness, justice, consultation (shura), and noble character serve as a foundation for leaders to make inclusive and fair decisions, enhancing the effectiveness of educational management. This research uses a literature study method to analyze the application of Islamic leadership values in educational management. The findings show that Islamic values in leadership can strengthen motivation, participation, and innovation within educational environments and foster positive character in students and educators. Thus, integrating Islamic values into educational leadership is crucial in forming a generation that is intellectually capable, moral, and faithful.

The development of the Toba Caldera Geopark as a national priority tourism destination is part of the government’s efforts to drive regional economic growth, improve community welfare, and strengthen Indonesia’s position in sustainable tourism. However, its implementation presents significant challenges in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and social justice, particularly for indigenous communities around the area. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Toba Caldera Geopark development policy on the environment and local indigenous communities. A multidisciplinary approach was employed, combining qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and participatory observations, along with quantitative data from surveys and official secondary sources. The results indicate potential conflicts between tourism infrastructure development and nature conservation, including environmental degradation and the erosion of local cultural values. Additionally, there is a risk of marginalization of indigenous communities in terms of access to natural resources and their involvement in decision-making processes. Therefore, this study recommends the need for more inclusive and sustainable policies that place indigenous communities at the center of geopark management. Active participation of local communities, recognition of customary land rights, and development approaches based on local wisdom are essential to achieving equitable, sustainable, and environmentally responsible development of the Toba Caldera Geopark.

In The Decision Number 465 / Pid.Sus/2021/PN JKT.SEL, efforts in legal settlement against victims of fraud committed by PT Grab Toko Indonesia have not been explicitly stipulated in the verdict. Despite this, legal protection can be seen through the judicial process that ensures that the defendant is sentenced according to the criminal offense he committed, based on the information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE) which regulates criminal sanctions for online fraud perpetrators. This research was conducted by normative juridical method through literature study, with problem formulation, 1) What are the efforts in legal settlement that can be taken by victims to get compensation due to fraud committed by PT Grab Toko Indonesia? 2) How is the effectiveness of efforts to settle compensation for victims of PT Grab Toko Indonesia fraud in the perspective of legal justice?. The results of this study, efforts in legal settlement that can be taken by victims to obtain compensation due to fraud committed by PT Grab Toko Indonesia by filing a lawsuit through civil channels. Harm can also come from an unlawful act. Therefore, with the various legal settlement efforts contained in several laws and regulations, it is expected to accommodate and pay attention to the rights of the community, especially the victims and the Indonesian legal system in providing justice for victims of fraud has not been fully effective. Slow legal proceedings, high costs, and complicated procedures often hinder victims from getting redress. In fact, even if there is a court decision that punishes the perpetrator, the victim's right to compensation is not necessarily well realized. In addition, many victims face difficulties in concretely proving harm in court, which makes the legal process longer and more complicated.  

Spiritual transformation in the context of social theology has become an important subject in the struggle to build justice and protection for women and chisssldren. This paper aims to investigate the role of spiritual transformation in creating sustainable social change and bringing justice to vulnerable women and children. Spiritual transformation also provides a strong moral and ethical foundation for building legal systems and policies that protect women and children from violence, exploitation and discrimination. Through a holistic

The Compilation of Islamic Law consists of three books, namely book I on marriage, book II on inheritance, book III on endowments explained in Article 83. The Compilation of Islamic Law requires wives to organize household affairs is discrimination against gender, domestication of women causes unproductivity and marginalization of women from their essence as human beings. Fulfillment of political, economic, citizenship, education rights, and roles in the household must be fulfilled. And the division of husband and wife roles in the public and domestic environments is carried out through deliberation which leads to gender role justice. Gender justice in the household can be realized as long as men (husbands) can treat their wives and children fairly.