Publication Search

The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) represents a significant transformation in India’s criminal justice system. Although environmental protection in India has traditionally been governed by specialized environmental statutes, the newly enacted criminal laws also contain provisions capable of addressing environmental crimes and ecological harm. This article examines the role of the BNS and BNSS in promoting environmental accountability and strengthening green justice within India’s legal framework. The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical legal research methodology based on statutory interpretation, constitutional analysis, and judicial precedents. The research finds that provisions relating to public nuisance, water pollution, atmospheric contamination, hazardous substances, and acts likely to spread disease collectively establish a broader criminal law framework for environmental protection. Judicial interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution, together with principles such as the polluter pays principle, precautionary principle, and sustainable development, has further strengthened environmental jurisprudence in India. The article argues that the BNS and BNSS contribute toward mainstreaming environmental protection within criminal law, but effective enforcement, institutional coordination, and stronger implementation mechanisms remain necessary for achieving sustainable environmental justice.

This study examines the role of inclusive curriculum reform in promoting educational equity within multicultural education systems. The research focuses on the interconnected roles of curriculum transformation, educational policy, and transformative leadership in fostering inclusive and socially just learning environments. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study analyzed scholarly articles, policy documents, educational reports, and academic literature related to multicultural education, inclusive pedagogy, leadership, and equity-oriented policies. The findings reveal that inclusive curriculum reform serves as a fundamental strategy for recognizing cultural diversity, reducing discrimination, and enhancing equal participation among students from diverse backgrounds. Furthermore, effective educational policies and transformative leadership practices were identified as essential factors in supporting sustainable inclusive educational reform. However, the study also found that the implementation of inclusive curriculum reform continues to face significant challenges, including inadequate teacher preparation, limited institutional resources, policy inconsistency, technological inequality, and sociocultural resistance

This study examines the implementation of a Figma-based UI/UX training program aimed at improving digital design literacy among students at Qotrun Nada Islamic Boarding School, Jakarta. The program was developed to address the limited digital competencies and practical design skills commonly found among santri in traditional Islamic educational environments. Using a project-based learning and mentoring approach, participants were introduced to fundamental concepts of User Interface (UI), User Experience (UX), and collaborative digital design using Figma. The activities included workshops, practical design exercises, mentoring sessions, and prototype development projects. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in students’ digital literacy, communication skills, teamwork, creativity, and confidence in using technology. Students successfully produced simple website prototypes that reflected basic usability and visual design principles. Furthermore, the integration of digital literacy training within the pesantren environment showed that technological skill development can be harmonized with Islamic educational values and community empowerment initiatives

Background:The digital transformation in education requires teachers to possess adequate competencies in utilizing technology to support innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning. However, the integration of digital platforms into classroom practices remains limited due to teachers’ varying levels of digital competence and experience. This community service program aimed to improve teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning implementation at SMAN 8 Banda Aceh. Methods:The program employed a participatory approach consisting of needs assessment, workshops, hands-on practice, mentoring, evaluation, and reflection activities. A total of 40 teachers from various subject areas participated in the program. The training materials included the use of Canva for developing digital learning media, Quizizz for gamified assessments, Google Workspace for collaborative learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to assist in instructional material development and creative learning activities. Program evaluation was conducted through participant observation, assessment of digital learning products, satisfaction questionnaires, and reflective discussions. Results: The results showed that participants successfully produced 18 interactive presentations using Canva, 10 digital modules, 8 Quizizz-based quizzes, and 4 evaluation instruments using Google Forms. Furthermore, teachers demonstrated improved competencies in designing digital learning media, developing technology-based assessments, integrating digital platforms into instructional practices, and utilizing AI as a learning support tool. The high level of participation and enthusiasm among participants indicated the effectiveness of the program in strengthening teachers’ digital literacy and technological competencies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the community service program successfully enhanced teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning in schools.

- Background: The rate of cesarean section (CS) deliveries continues to increase in Indonesia. Bali Province ranks first nationally, with a cesarean delivery rate of 53.2%. Cesarean section results in surgical wounds that cause pain in postpartum mothers. One non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain is early mobilization through video media. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers before and after receiving early mobilization through video media. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of post-cesarean mothers at Singasana Regional General Hospital. A total of 26 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of early mobilization delivered through a 3-minute and 23-second video, accompanied by healthcare personnel. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Most respondents were aged 20–35 years, multiparous, had completed senior high school, and were employed. The median pain intensity decreased from 5.00 before the intervention to 3.00 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in pain intensity before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Early mobilization through video media was effective in reducing pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers. Video media can be utilized as an educational tool to support the implementation of early mobilization in healthcare settings..

This research is motivated by the importance of implementing Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in speed boat maintenance activities as a supporting facility for ship agency operations at PT. Sinar Pasific. The high intensity of speed boat usage makes the fleet vulnerable to damage if maintenance is not carried out regularly and according to procedures. Based on initial observations, inconsistencies in maintenance implementation, incomplete documentation, and damage to the engine, electrical systems, and hull were still found, which can disrupt company operations. This study aims to determine the implementation of SOPs, the obstacles encountered, and the efforts made to optimize speed boat maintenance at PT. Sinar Pasific. This research was conducted at PT. Sinar Pasific during the author’s Onboard Practical Training (PRADA) from August 2024 to July 2025. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The data sources were obtained through direct field observation, semi-structured interviews with personnel involved in speed boat operations, and documentation studies related to fleet maintenance activities. The results show that the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in speed boat maintenance at PT. Sinar Pasific has been carried out but has not yet run optimally. This is indicated by inconsistent maintenance schedules, lack of supervision, and incomplete maintenance documentation. In addition, several problems were still found, such as damage to the engine, electrical systems, and speed boat hulls, which can hinder company operations. To overcome these obstacles, the company has made efforts by improving discipline in SOP implementation, conducting regular supervision and evaluation, improving maintenance documentation, and increasing technicians’ understanding of the importance of preventive maintenance so that speed boat conditions are maintained and operational activities run smoothly.

This study aimed to increase students’ learning activeness and reduce boredom in Indonesian language lessons through the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model for first-grade students at MI Ma’arif NU Bebekan. The research was conducted using an observation method during the learning process. The subjects of this study were first-grade students of MI Ma’arif NU Bebekan. Data were collected through observations of students’ activities, participation in learning, enthusiasm in completing projects, and responses during Indonesian language lessons. The observation results showed that the implementation of Project Based Learning had a positive impact on the learning process. Before the implementation of this model, some students appeared less active, easily bored, and less involved in classroom activities. After learning was carried out through project-based activities related to Indonesian language materials, students became more interested in participating in lessons, more confident in asking and answering questions, and more active in collaborating with their classmates to complete assignments. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more enjoyable because students were directly involved in activities connected to their daily experiences. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of Project Based Learning was effective in increasing learning activeness and reducing boredom among first-grade students of MI Ma’arif NU Bebekan in Indonesian language lessons. This learning model can serve as an effective alternative for creating a more engaging, active, and meaningful learning experience for elementary school students.

This study aims to design and implement a simple solar panel-based battery charging system equipped with protection and voltage limiting circuits. The study was conducted to address the limitations of a direct solar panel-to-battery connection, which may cause short-circuit risk, reverse current, unstable charging voltage, and excessive battery charging. This research used a design-based experimental approach. The system was developed by preparing a block diagram, dividing it into several functional sub-blocks, and implementing the design into an electronic circuit. The main circuit sections consisted of solar panel protection, voltage limiter, interlocking circuit breaker, power regulator, and voltage divider. The assembled circuit was tested through real-time measurement by observing solar panel output voltage under different time and sky conditions and measuring battery charging time from different initial voltage levels. The results show that the solar panel output voltage varied according to time and weather condition. The lowest measured voltage was 15.0 V under cloudy conditions, while the highest measured voltage was 25.2 V under clear sky conditions around midday. The battery charging test showed that lower initial battery voltage required longer charging time, while voltage closer to the target level required shorter charging time. The evaluation was limited to voltage measurement and charging time; charging current, battery temperature, solar irradiance, and charging efficiency were not measured in detail. The proposed system can be applied for small-scale solar charging, educational practice, and basic renewable energy experiments. The study offers a practical circuit model that integrates protection, interlocking, voltage limiting, and regulation functions using simple and accessible electronic components.

This study aims to examine the strategic role of teachers in instilling anti-corruption educational values in elementary school (SD/MI) students in the digital era. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with five SD/MI teachers in Karawang Regency conducted in May 2026. Findings reveal that all informants possess adequate conceptual understanding of anti-corruption education as a character-building process rather than mere knowledge transmission. Teachers perform three principal functions: as behavioral role models, value-based learning facilitators, and collaborative partners with families. Implemented strategies include exemplary conduct, habituation, cross-subject value integration, and utilization of digital media such as educational videos, animations, and interactive quizzes. However, implementation faces significant obstacles, including social media normalizing dishonest behavior, instant-gratification tendencies among students, and weak synergy between schools and family environments. This research affirms that successful internalization of anti-corruption values requires consistent teacher exemplarity, a conducive school ecosystem, robust digital literacy, and sustainable tri-center educational collaboration. Practical implications include the necessity of strengthening teachers' pedagogical competencies in designing character-based learning that is adaptive to the dynamics of the digital era.

This study aims to describe the process of implementing the Sympathy Mailbox media in writing expressions of concern by knowing the improvement in student learning outcomes and their responses. This study uses experimental research with a quantitative descriptive approach and a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects involved were 64 seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 47 Surabaya. Data collection included observation, tests, and questionnaires with data analyzed in the form of percentages, means, and t-tests. The results obtained showed that the learning process ran very well starting from the preparation stage in the form of providing two sympathy boxes, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage through the final test and response questionnaire. This can be proven by the percentage of student activity of 93.75% and educators 90%. The average student learning score increased in the pre-test from 75.12 to 84.37 with a gain value of 9.31. The t-test produced a t-count value of 9.23 which was higher than the t-table, this proved that there was a significant influence of the sympathy mailbox media on the ability to write expressions of concern. The students' response to the learning was very positive, so it can be concluded that the process of implementing the sympathy box media in learning was successful.

This study analyzes how digital interface design (UI/UX) and system architecture are manipulated to unethically extract user consent, resulting in personal data commercialization and massive online loan (pinjol) spam marketing. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines descriptive quantitative analysis of digital user perception surveys with qualitative observations involving UI teardowns, privacy policy evaluations, and extensive literature reviews. Initial findings indicate a profound crisis of genuine informed consent, exacerbated by the deployment of dark patterns such as pre-ticked checkboxes, disguised opt-out architectures, and information overload engineered into legal documents. This systematic manipulation facilitates unauthorized personal data distribution to third parties under the guise of legitimate agreement, directly triggering privacy intrusions and psychological distress, including severe anxiety among data subjects. Philosophically and morally, these practices constitute a severe breach of Information Technology Professional Ethics (EPTI). Consequently, this study highlights the urgent need for developer accountability and advocates for the implementation of proactive, transparent ethical design frameworks compliant with Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) standards to reclaim digital autonomy.

Cracker pr machines are widely used in small and medium-scale food industries. However, limitations in frame design and motor speed control often result in suboptimal machine performance. This study aims to perform a redesign of the upper conveyor frame, analyze the structural strength of the frame, and evaluate the effect of using a Variable Speed Drive (VSD) inverter on improving the production capacity of a cracker printing machine.The research method includes frame redesign, load calculation, and numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with SolidWorks Simulation. The applied loads consist of machine component weights and operational loads. In addition, performance testing was conducted by varying the motor rotational speed controlled by the VSD inverter to determine its effect on production output.The results show that the redesigned frame has a maximum displacement of 0.18 mm, a maximum stress of 8.9 MPa, and a minimum safety factor of 31, indicating that the structure is safe and operates within the elastic region. The implementation of the VSD inverter successfully increased the machine’s production capacity from the initial condition up to 78.5 kg/h. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the frame redesign and the application of a VSD inverter are effective in improving the performance and reliability of the cracker printing machine.

Substandard housing remains a multidimensional urban problem because it intersects with structural safety, indoor environmental quality, sanitation, clean water, poverty, and the effectiveness of policy implementation. This study evaluates the implementation of the substandard housing improvement program (RTLH) in Lubuk Linggau City by integrating a technical audit of housing quality with an implementation analysis based on the variables of communication, resources, implementer disposition, and bureaucratic structure. A descriptive-evaluative mixed approach was applied through field observation, technical scoring of ten rehabilitated houses, document review, and structured interviews with regulators, field facilitators, and beneficiary households. The results show that the cumulative technical conformity index reached 3.325 out of 4.00, equivalent to 83%, and was classified as adequate housing. Structural resilience achieved the highest score at 88%, followed by space adequacy at 85%, natural lighting and ventilation at 80%, and sanitation and clean water at 75%. Five houses were classified as adequate housing, while five were classified as fairly adequate/light substandard housing. The implementation analysis indicates that clear practical communication and facilitator assistance strengthened structural quality, but limited financial resources, weak environmental-health prioritization, and administratively oriented supervision reduced sanitation and ventilation performance. The study recommends standardized septic systems, stronger post-construction technical verification, healthy-housing education, realistic unit budgets, and quality-oriented monitoring.

The increasing demand for electricity and high dependence on the utility power grid have driven the adoption of photovoltaic (PV) power generation as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. This study aims to analyze the techno-economic feasibility of a load-sharing PV power generation system, focusing on technical analysis, operational costs, electricity bill savings, and environmental impacts. The research was conducted using quantitative methods to compare energy from photovoltaic generation and the grid, carbon emission calculations using an emission factor of 0,87 kgCO₂/kWh, and economic evaluation through parameters such as Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), Cost of Energy (COE), and Payback Period (PP). The research results indicate that the photovoltaic panel generation system enables reducing utility grid energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions by 4,85 tons of CO₂ in 2024, increasing to 8,45 tons of CO₂ in 2025. The economic analysis indicates that the NPV value is not yet optimal; however, the ROI stands at 15%, the COE is Rp. 980.08/kWh, and the Payback Period is 6,56 years. The system is feasible for long-term investment. Overall, the implementation of the photovoltaic power plant demonstrates good potential in supporting carbon emission reduction, increasing the utilization of renewable energy, and reducing dependence on fossil-based energy.

The proliferation of social media interactions frequently results in an increased risk of cyberbullying. This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital literacy, digital security, and digital communication on cyberbullying prevention among Generation Z TikTok users. Employing an explanatory quantitative approach, data were collected through online questionnaires distributed to Generation Z students in the Information Systems Study Program at Universitas Internasional Batam. The respondent data were then analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The analytical results reveal that digital literacy does not significantly affect cyberbullying prevention. Conversely, both digital security and digital communication demonstrate a significant impact on cyberbullying prevention. Among the investigated variables, digital communication exerts the most dominant influence on preventing cyberbullying. These findings suggest that preventing cyberbullying requires more than merely digital knowledge; it heavily relies on the implementation of digital security measures and the capacity for ethical communication in digital environments. Ultimately, this research is expected to serve as a valuable reference for formulating effective cyberbullying mitigation strategies for Generation Z across social media platforms.

Evaluating food portions and types in the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) program is generally still performed manually, which is time-consuming and potentially subjective. This study aims to develop an automated deep learning-based system to efficiently detect food types and estimate their nutritional value. The method used is a quantitative experiment integrating the YOLOv11m architecture for real-time object detection and the Google Gemini 2.5 Flash Large Language Model (LLM) for contextual nutritional estimation reasoning. The model training utilized a dataset of 2,630 food tray images categorized into five classes (fruit, side dish, staple food, vegetable, milk) that had undergone an augmentation process. The results showed that the YOLOv11m model achieved excellent performance with a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 0.9727 and the highest F1-score of 0.9522 at a confidence threshold of 0.1. Furthermore, validation of the LLM integration demonstrated a high prediction agreement rate of 85%. In conclusion, the combination of the YOLOv11m algorithm and LLM reasoning is capable of detecting and validating nutritional classification quickly and precisely, showing strong potential as an objective nutritional evaluation monitoring solution for large-scale MBG program implementation.

Hypertension is one of the leading non-communicable diseases contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of extensive electronic medical record data in healthcare institutions, these data are often utilized only for administrative reporting rather than predictive analysis. Consequently, opportunities to identify age groups with a higher probability of developing hypertension remain underutilized. This study aims to implement the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm to analyze age distribution and classify the risk of hypertension among patients using healthcare data. The research adopted the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology, including business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment. Patient medical record data consisting of demographic and clinical attributes, including age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, gender, and hypertension status, were processed using the Naïve Bayes algorithm. Model performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix by measuring accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and balanced accuracy. The implementation demonstrates that the Naïve Bayes algorithm is capable of classifying hypertension risk efficiently while providing probabilistic information regarding age groups with a higher tendency to experience hypertension. The resulting classification model offers an effective decision-support tool for healthcare providers in conducting targeted screening, preventive interventions, and evidence-based health planning. The findings also indicate that data mining techniques can transform routinely collected medical records into valuable clinical knowledge for early hypertension prevention and healthcare decision-making.

Child marriage remains a significant issue negatively impacting the health and quality of the younger generation, particularly through the increased risk of stunting in children. This article discusses the results of an educational outreach titled “Marriage Is Not Just About Legality: Legal Education on Marriage Dispensation and Its Implications for Stunting Prevention Among Students,” conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Parepare. The outreach aimed to raise students’ awareness about the relationship between minimum marriage age, marriage dispensation, and the health impacts on children, especially the risk of stunting. The methods employed included deconstruction, brainstorming, material delivery, reconstruction, and evaluation through pre-test and post-test assessments. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ understanding from both medical and legal perspectives. The discussion focused on analyzing the contradictory legal norms regarding minimum marriage age and marriage dispensation, which frequently lead to implementation challenges. This outreach underscores the importance of integrating legal education and reproductive health as a preventive strategy to reduce child marriage and prevent stunting. Consequently, the program contributes to shaping a healthy, legally aware younger generation capable of making mature and responsible marriage decisions.

The urgency of this research stems from the knowledge gap regarding contextual factors contributing to the underuse of learning media in rural elementary schools, which has not been adequately addressed in previous research, which has tended to focus on urban contexts. This study aims to examine teachers' perceptions at Sugayang Public Elementary School regarding the underuse of learning media in the learning process, as well as the factors that contribute to it. The method used was a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing in-depth interviews as a data collection technique. The data were then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that teachers experienced difficulties in using technology, difficulties in creating learning media, and the perception that using media was time-consuming. This reveals an important pattern that the underuse of learning media is a systematic problem rooted in the TPACK gap that is not supported by practical time management solutions. These findings imply that changes in learning practices will not occur simply through the provision of generic technology tools or training; rather, bottom-up and contextual solutions are needed. The novelty of this research lies in the in-depth qualitative approach applied to the under-researched context of rural elementary schools, which has not been studied before. This research contributes through recommendations for the implementation of a peer-mentoring program and the development of a ready-to-use digital learning media bank, thus offering valuable insights for future research with relevant stakeholders.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by deviation in attitudes, thoughts and behaviors, and can cause positive and negative symptoms. One of the most frequently occurring negative symptoms is social withdrawal, which leads to the problem of Social Isolation: Withdrawal. Social isolation is a condition that causes individuals to experience a decline or even inability to interact with others and their environment. The purpose of this case study was to apply nursing care to patients with social isolation: withdrawal due to undifferentiated schizophrenia in Gatotkaca Ward of RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province. This scientific paper was written using a descriptive method in the form of a case study through the nursing process approach. Data collection methods used were interview, observation, documentation study, and literature study. Nursing diagnoses that emerged in the patient with Social Isolation: Withdrawal were Social Isolation as the Core Problem, Low Self-Esteem as the Cause, Risk of Hallucination as the Effect, and Self-Care Deficit as a concurrent problem. Interventions were only carried out on Social Isolation and Self-Care Deficit problems, consisting of SP 1 through SP 3 for Social Isolation and SP 2 for Self-Care Deficit: Grooming. After nursing implementation for 4 days, of the 4 nursing diagnoses that emerged, only 2 nursing diagnoses were intervened, namely Social Isolation and Self-Care Deficit. SP 1 through SP 3 for Social Isolation and SP2 for Self-Care Deficit: Grooming were competently achieved. This indicates that the goals of the Implementation Strategy provided were achieved cognitively, affectively, and psychomotorically.