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This research delves into examining how the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model can be applied to enhance students' academic performance in Social Sciences (IPS) for fourth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). This research centers on studying literature to examine how the CTL model connects academic content with students' everyday experiences. By enhancing students' critical and social thinking abilities, this study aims to offer insights to educators on how to incorporate successful teaching approaches in madrasas to enhance student academic performance.

The purpose of documenting the findings is to evaluate the extent to which the use of audio-visual media can implement learners' academic performance in Social Studies subjects at the primary school level. This research has been conducted using a qualitative method complemented by a descriptive approach, relying on data obtained from a literature review. Data sources include relevant scientific articles, books and journals that support previous findings and are in line with the main topic of this study.  The research shows that the use of audiovisual media has a significant impact on improving students' learning rubric in social studies subjects. Audio-visual media proved effective because it was able to encourage active student involvement through activities such as asking questions, discussing, and responding to the material presented. In this case, it was due to the efficient presentation of the video that was able to keep learners' attention and reduce the risk of boredom. Thus, this engagement contributes to their improved academic performance. The integration of audio-visual media in social studies learning in elementary schools has a major positive impact on students' academic achievement and learning motivation.

The importance of utilizing digital learning resources for Social Studies (IPS) learning at Elementary School (SD) and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) levels is discussed in this article. The utilization of digital teaching materials is expected to improve IPS learning in a more interesting, dynamic, and efficient way along with technological advances. This study identifies various digital learning media, including web-based learning platforms, educational software, and instructional videos, that can be used in the context of IPS learning. The advantages and difficulties faced by teachers and students when incorporating digital media into the classroom are also discussed in this article. It is hoped that by using a digital approach, students will be able to better understand IPS content and develop 21st-century skills needed for everyday life. In addition, this article offers suggestions for the efficient use of digital learning resources that are appropriate to the needs of MI and elementary school students.

Social Studies (IPS) is one of the subjects taught at the elementary / MI / SDLB level to SMP / MTs / SMP / SMPLB. IPS examines various claims, facts, assumptions, and generalizations related to social issues, by covering disciplines such as Geography, History, Sociology, and Economics in the SMP / MTs curriculum. Through social studies learning, students are encouraged to become active citizens, caring, politically aware, and have a global awareness and love of peace.This research uses a literature analysis method or literature review approach. Social studies covers a variety of subjects, including science, mathematics, and Indonesian language, thus placing it as a challenging field of study. Social studies learning seeks to answer various human rights issues and daily social problems faced by society. In the process, social studies learning is characterized by challenges and complexities that must be faced by educators and students. Keywords: Social Science, Education and Curriculum, Social and Civic Issues, Literature Review

Social Studies (IPS) is a program in a lesson that has a scientific field so it is also called a scientific discipline. Social studies also has its own perspective that is integrated from all other subjects and also has a very broad discussion of human behavior that can be studied in detail and studied in depth. Basically social studies has a combination of a number of other subjects, for that social studies is a new field of study, which is then introduced to students. Of all social studies also has basic concepts that must know. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to describe the learning planning, and implementation of learning through cooperative learning model type NHT (Numbered Head Together) that can improve the basic skills of social studies and learning outcomes of classroom students. The method used in this research is Action Research. The results of this study showed an increase in each cycle 1- 3 namely; The value of learning planning becomes very good. The value of teacher performance in learning becomes very good. The achievement of basic social studies skills in students, namely, skillful reached 87%, which means that of the 8 indicators has been achieved as a whole. Increased student learning outcomes, for cycle 1 students who completed reached 20 of the total students, for cycle 2 students who completed reached 26 of the total students and cycle 3 students who completed reached 34.

The museum is a repository of historical relics that are stored and store stories that can be used as a learning resource to gain knowledge in the past. The purpose of this research is to describe the function of the Subkos Museum as a source of learning for history students in Lubuk Linggau and Musi Rawas. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive research. The focus of this research, namely: 1. What collections are in the Subkos museum. 2. How does the Subkos Museum function as a source of student history learning in Lubuk Linggau and Musi Rawas 3. What are the obstacles in the history learning process in utilizing the function of the Subkoss Museum as a historical source as a learning resource. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 5 Lubuklinggau, SMA Negeri Sarulangun Muratara. In this study that is used as a source consists of informants (Head of the Museum, Museum Manager, museum manager, Principal, History Teacher, XI IPS class students, Documents, syllabus, lesson plans, and other documents that can support this research, as well as the place of research. Data collection techniques using interview observation techniques, interactive analysis with the task of analysis stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing that interacts with data collection.      

This writing aims to describe the development of the Social Studies curriculum in Indonesia. Social studies education in Indonesia did not just appear and develop, but through a long journey full of dynamics. This article reviews social studies education from a historical perspective and its development using historical research methods, which include the steps of heuristics, source criticism (external and internal), interpretation, and historiography. The development of the social studies curriculum in Indonesia has adopted the concepts of social studies education in several major countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, which became a reference because of the similarity of the conditions of multicultural society and the background of the country's unstable situation at that time. Nevertheless, the development of social studies education in Indonesia is adapted to the conditions of society and government in the country, which has an impact on the preparation of curriculum and implementation of learning in schools. Along with technological advances, social studies education also continues to grow by utilizing a variety of learning resources and media. In addition, the development of social studies learning materials also involves the active participation of the wider community.

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the phenomenon of loss learning forced curriculum changes to become an unavoidable necessity so that the government launched an independent curriculum. The curriculum was developed following the times. The research method used in this research is the library research method or literature study. The author concludes that the independent curriculum is expected to be able to provide concrete and meaningful and effective learning experiences in developing the skills and expertise of students as lifelong learners with Pancasila character. The independent curriculum in social studies learning that focuses on the integration of values and competencies not only encourages intellectual intelligence, but also emotional and social intelligence, such as empathy, social awareness, and effective communication skills. An active and innovative social studies curriculum in independent learning is expected to not only focus on academic achievement, but also on developing students' characters and competencies as socially responsible individuals, while supporting post-pandemic learning recovery.

This study aims to investigate the effect of using the Flipped Classroom model assisted by interactive videos on the understanding of social science concepts among fifth-grade students at SD Wujud Kasih Ungaran. The research method employed is quantitative, with the subjects being fifth-grade students. Through an experimental design, this research compares two groups: an experimental group utilizing the Flipped Classroom model and a control group employing conventional methods. The results indicate that the implementation of the Flipped Classroom model assisted by interactive videos has a positive impact on students' understanding of social science concepts. Data analysis using the Independent Sample T-Test reveals a significance value of 0.023, indicating a significant difference between the experimental and control groups at a significance level of 0.05. The average understanding score of the experimental group reached 61.61 percent, higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, the results of the Simple Linear Regression Test show an R square value of 0.547, indicating that 54.7% of the variation in students' understanding can be explained by the use of this learning model.  In conclusion, the Flipped Classroom model assisted by interactive videos significantly influences students' understanding of social science concepts, as evidenced by increased enthusiasm and motivation during the learning process. This study recommends the adoption of this model as an alternative in social science education to enhance students' understanding quality.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

This research analyzes teacher performance in developing Integrated Social Sciences teaching materials at SMPN 7 Medan. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The interview results show that teachers are able to organize teaching material by combining various fields of study, such as Geography, Economics, History and Sociology, by agreeing on a theme first before presenting it to students. The development of Geography teaching materials, which is considered more difficult than other fields of study, is carried out with a longer time allocation and the use of local resources. In teaching methods, teachers apply fun approaches such as discussion, Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL), Quantum Teaching, and inquiry to increase student involvement and encourage critical thinking. However, obstacles in developing teaching materials, especially Geography material, are overcome by enriching literacy and utilizing learning methods based on group discussions and case studies. Integrated social studies learning at SMPN 7 Medan becomes more effective and relevant to students' daily lives thanks to the contextual approach applied by the teacher.

IPS can be interpreted as a study or study of society. Difficulties in understanding social studies material can be caused by various factors, such as the complexity of the content, less effective teaching methods, and a lack of connection between the material and students' daily lives. These factors can hinder students' learning process and affect their overall learning outcomes. The method used in this research is a questionnaire which is a data collection method carried out by giving a set of questions or written statements to respondents to answer. The data collection techniques used are primary data and secondary data, where primary data is data directly obtained from respondents while secondary data is data obtained from sources relevant to the research topic, such as books, articles, theses, etc. The results of this research show that the interest of students at SMP Negeri 1 Sidikalang in International Trade material varies, with 50% very interested but 26.7% feeling less interested. The main obstacle comes from the teacher's delivery which is considered less interesting and material which is considered irrelevant to everyday life. Although many students find assignments and evaluations helpful, there is an urgent need for innovation in learning methods to make them more interactive and relevant. Based on the results of a survey conducted via Google Form on 10 respondents from students at SMP Negeri 1 Sidikalang, it appears that students face various obstacles in understanding and being interested in international trade material.

. Education generally demands that the learning process should not be directed solely toward textual understanding, but rather encourages contextual learning. In this approach, learning should utilize a variety of learning resources that keep pace with advancements in science and technology, and are also closely tied to up-to-date developments in the surrounding environment and society. By using local environmental issues as a learning resource, it is expected that students will obtain more accurate and reliable information. The aim of this research activity is to identify and explain natural tourist attractions in Semarang Regency as learning resources for social studies in junior high schools. The method used is qualitative. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and document/archive analysis, while the validity of the data is ensured through technique triangulation.

Indonesia's national development, based on Pancasila, aims to create a just and prosperous society with education as a key focus. In Karanganom Village, children's education is crucial despite challenges related to infrastructure and facilities. Active community involvement, including parental roles and additional programs such as Qur'an reading guidance, significantly improves educational quality. Family education is also vital for shaping children's character through habits and improvisation. Support from the community and local organizations like IPSENA enhances children's learning enthusiasm. However, challenges such as teacher shortages and time management issues need to be addressed with creative solutions and community cooperation for optimal educational outcomes.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of critical thinking skills using the guided inquiry learning model. The research hypothesis is: "There is an influence on the critical thinking abilities of class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Raya in the 2024/2025 academic year before and after using the guided inquiry learning model. The population is the entire class The research sample was determined using purposive sampling, namely 35 students in class XI IPS 2 as the experimental class using the guided inquiry learning model and 35 students in class This research method uses the Quasy Experimental Design method using the Nonequivalent Control Design Group. The instrument used in this research was a 30 item questionnaire. Research data for the questionnaire was analyzed using the average difference test formula (N-Gain Score). It was found that the average value for the experimental class was 0.7454 in the high category. And the average value for the control class is 0.1481, which is in the low category. Then carrying out an independent test using the t test obtained a value of tcount = 15.168 > ttable((a=0.05;df=68) = 2.000. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is an influence on the critical thinking abilities of class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Raya Academic Year 2024/2025 before and after using the guided inquiry learning model.

The objectives of this research are: (1) To produce an e-module accounting module to improve the learning achievement of SMAS Regina Pacis Bajawa students. (2) Examining the feasibility of accounting e-modules to improve the learning achievement of SMAS Regina Pacis Bajawa students. (3) Examining the effectiveness of the accounting e-module in improving the learning achievement of SMAS Regina Pacis Bajawa students.This type of research is research and development research with the ADDIE model. With an experimental trial design using a pre-test – post-test model. The test subjects in this research were class XI IPS D SMAS Rergina Pacis Bajawa. Product suitability is tested by media experts, material experts, learning practitioners, namely teachers, and media users, namely students. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. The data collection instruments used were interview guides, expert validation questionnaires, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and accounting questions as an information system. Development products are assessed based on the appropriateness of media design and learning materials. The feasibility of the resulting learning media was analyzed using a conversion of 4 eligibility criteria, namely very good, good, poor and very poor.Results of the research (1) An accounting e-module with a book creator has been developed to improve student learning achievement. (2) The accounting e-module with book creator was assessed in the very appropriate category by media experts with a score of 91.66%, a score of 84.61% in the very appropriate category from material experts, a score of 100% in the very appropriate category from teachers and a score of 87 .14% in the very feasible category was obtained from student assessments. (3) E-module accounting module with book creator can improve the learning achievement of Regina Pacis Bajawa High School students. It can be seen that there is an increase in the average student score from the pretest of 57.18 to 85.78 in the posttest.

The essence of education as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution is to educate the nation, namely to form citizens who are creative and innovative in applying knowledge to face challenges in social, national, and state life. This study aims to determine the form of learning innovation applied by teachers in the Fiqh subject, especially in the material on usury at Madrasah Aliyah An Nur Pagar Jati. The method used is qualitative research with a field study approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews with subject teachers and students of class XI IPS 1 who were the subjects of the application of learning strategies. The strategy applied is the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach. Based on the results of the study, the CTL strategy has been implemented well at MA An Nur Pagar Jati and is able to improve students' understanding of the teaching material. To support the continuous improvement of the quality of education, evaluation and development of learning strategies need to be carried out continuously.

The objectives of this research are: (1) To produce an e-module accounting module to improve the learning achievement of SMAS Regina Pacis Bajawa students. (2) Examining the feasibility of accounting e-modules to improve the learning achievement of SMAS Regina Pacis Bajawa students. (3) Examining the effectiveness of the accounting e-module in improving the learning achievement of SMAS Regina Pacis Bajawa students.This type of research is research and development research with the ADDIE model. With an experimental trial design using a pre-test – post-test model. The test subjects in this research were class XI IPS D SMAS Rergina Pacis Bajawa. Product suitability is tested by media experts, material experts, learning practitioners, namely teachers, and media users, namely students. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. The data collection instruments used were interview guides, expert validation questionnaires, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and accounting questions as an information system. Development products are assessed based on the appropriateness of media design and learning materials. The feasibility of the resulting learning media was analyzed using a conversion of 4 eligibility criteria, namely very good, good, poor and very poor.Results of the research (1) An accounting e-module with a book creator has been developed to improve student learning achievement. (2) The accounting e-module with book creator was assessed in the very appropriate category by media experts with a score of 91.66%, a score of 84.61% in the very appropriate category from material experts, a score of 100% in the very appropriate category from teachers and a score of 87 .14% in the very feasible category was obtained from student assessments. (3) E-module accounting module with book creator can improve the learning achievement of Regina Pacis Bajawa High School students. It can be seen that there is an increase in the average student score from the pretest of 57.18 to 85.78 in the posttest.

Learning is the core of an education has an important role in advancing the welfare and human resources, one of which is in terms of teaching and learning. The purpose of this study is to determine learning styles, student motivation and student responses in learning geography. Geography learning styles that will be the focus of researchers in this study are visual, auditorial, and kinesthetic learning styles Motivation is one of the steps or factors that can encourage students to behave using feelings and reactions in geography learning activities. The results of research on class X students consisting of 34 female students, class XI consisting of 26 female students and class XII consisting of 35 male students at MA Darul Ihsan Samarinda. Based on the results of the study, the majority of learning styles owned by class X students are visual as many as 34 students, then class XI students are mostly kinesthetic as many as 26 students, as well as class XII the majority of kinesthetic learning styles as many as 35 students Each class has a different learning style and has each learning style. Every student basically has motivation in themselves, be it external or internal motivation. The sample in this study was class X consisting of 34 female students, XI IPS1 consisting of 26 female students, XII IPS2 consisting of 35 male students at MA Darul Ihsan Samarinda. The sample technique used is Random Sampling. Based on the results of data recap that has been done on the student learning motivation questionnaire has motivation in the good category, from these results it can be said that 34 students have good motivation, then in the category as many as 26 students have a category Less, then as many as 35 students have a good category. Based on data analysis that has been carried out on student learning responses in classes X and XI, it is found that student learning responses are in the good category with a total of 60 students or equivalent to 64%. Then in the very good category with 35 students or equivalent to 65%. The high learning response can be seen from the various indicators that have been analyzed.