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This research aims to analyze FDI, Exports, and Inflation on the Determinants of Economic Growth IMT-Gt for the 2000-2021 Period. This research uses a quantitative approach with panel data for 22 years. This research uses secondary data obtained from the World Bank. The analytical tool used in this research is SPSS 23 with multiple regression analysis techniques. The research results show that the partial FDI variable has no effect on Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The partial inflation variable has no effect on Indonesia and Thailand. In Malaysia, the inflation variable is significant. Meanwhile, partially the Export variable has a significant impact on the Economic Growth of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Simultaneous research on the variables FDI, Exports and Inflation influence the Economic Growth of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.    

Trade liberalization or free trade is a condition in which a country engages in trade with other nations without any barriers. The process towards achieving free trade is referred to as trade liberalization. One of the goals of trade liberalization is to promote economic growth by capturing both static and dynamic benefits of trade through more efficient allocation of resources. This research aims to examine the impact of international trade liberalization on export-import growth in five ASEAN countries. The study employs a qualitative descriptive research approach using literature review methods, drawing information from previous research journals and utilizing data obtained from the World Bank. The research is conducted in five ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The results of this research explain that trade liberalization and economic openness provide access to knowledge for developing countries and create a more competitive environment, forcing domestic producers to improve the quality of their products to remain competitive with foreign producers. Trade liberalization is associated with opening market access for a country's export products to the world. The increasing foreign investment leads to a rising flow of investment profits (income) to foreign countries

The exchange rate is the value of one unit of local currency for one unit of foreign currency. Currency exchange rates are one of the most important economic elements that affect a country. Currency changes may have a sizeable effect on various sectors of the economy, including international trade, foreign investment, inflation, and general economic stability. The analytical method used in this study is to see the effect of the inflation rate (X1) and Bank Indonesia interest rates (X2) as independent variables on the US rupiah/dollar exchange rate for the 2018 – 2022 period (Y) as the dependent variable, namely Statistical Descriptive Analysis and Regression Analysis Multiple Linear. The results of the study show that the inflation rate has a positive effect on the rupiah/US dollar exchange rate and Bank Indonesia interest rates have a negative effect on the rupiah/US dollar exchange rate.

Numerous businesses are capable of implementing a wide range of tax planning techniques. Tax avoidance, or legally lowering taxes, is one tax planning tactic. Tax avoidance strategies typically use loopholes in the tax code without breaking any of them. In addition, they use tax law gaps to perpetrate tax evasion. While this tax evasion tactic is legal, the corporation using it is still receiving funding from the state. In 2013, 832 foreign investment companies were suspected of engaging in tax fraud in Indonesia due to their five consecutive years of loss reporting and nonpayment of taxes. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the effects of capital intensity, profitability, leverage, and majority share ownership on tax evasion. The Current Effective Tax Ratio is used in this study to generate tax avoidance. Mining businesses that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2017–2021 make up the population and sample for this study. With 37 observational data points, 7 mining companies make up the research sample. A multiple linear regression model is the research methodology employed in this study. Version 22 of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science was used to process the data for this study. The study's findings demonstrate that tax evasion is not much impacted by profitability or leverage. Conversely, capital intensity and majority share ownership have a detrimental impact on tax evasion.    

Indonesia, with its long-term economic development plan spanning 20 years, divided into five-year medium-term plans, recognizes the importance of both foreign and domestic investments in driving its economic growth. The country presents opportunities across various sectors, as the increasing income levels can influence Indonesian consumers' interest in imported products and services. However, investing in Indonesia comes with unique risks and challenges, considering the country's dynamic context. To ensure successful investments, it is crucial for investors to understand Indonesian culture and the preferences of local consumers. This understanding can help tailor products and services to suit the local market, thus enhancing the chances of success. Additionally, the Indonesian government has implemented strategies to diversify the economy, focusing on priority sectors that can further stimulate economic growth. Foreign and domestic investments play a vital role in contributing to Indonesia's economic growth. These investments not only infuse capital into the country but also bring in technological advancements, job opportunities, and knowledge transfer. To attract investments, the Indonesian government has been implementing policies to improve the ease of doing business and create a favorable investment climate.

Foreign investment in Indonesia is one of the efforts to develop the country's economy. Foreign investment is carried out by doing business in Indonesia, which is to invest in the form of foreign capital entirely or collectively with domestic investors. This practice is carried out by foreign investors with the existence of international treaty between Indonesia and its country as legal protection when investors invest in Indonesia, which can also choose a dispute resolution forum as a preventive action agreed by both parties. Through the Washington Convention, Indonesia ratified Law Number 5 of 1968 which is a form of Indonesia's commitment to resolved at the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes or ICSID. ICSID is an international arbitration institution that can be chosen based on certain provisions. This research was conducted using normative juridical method. The results are found that ICSID becomes a forum when Indonesia is in dispute with foreign investors who are also countries that ratify the Washington Convention. The Government of Indonesia has several times defended its international standing on the investment climate in the country through the ICSID forum. Therefore, this paper will examine ICSID as an investment dispute settlement institution and its practices.

International bilateral agreements in the form of investment have an important role and significance in promoting development growth and economic progress. Through such agreements, the host country has the opportunity to attract foreign investors to operate and invest in various sectors in its territory. As a result, the home country can freely invest in various industrial sectors in the host country. The home country and the host country conclude an agreement in the form of international bilateral agreements called "investment promotion and protection agreements" or bilateral investment treaties/BITs. One such agreement is the international bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on industrial promotion and protection signed in 2018 and effective in 2021, which will be discussed in this journal.

The Ciptaker Law functions to increase investment and create new jobs, but is controversial because of workers' rights. Analysis of the relationship between the Ciptaker Law and employee welfare needs to pay attention to the concept of Competency-Based Employment, which allows companies to appoint and terminate employment based on employee capabilities and performance. However, this threatens the rights of employees, especially regarding termination and wages. The Ciptaker Law also expands the types of work for foreign workers in Indonesia. Even though it can increase investment and create jobs, the Ciptaker Law has the potential to reduce employee wages and make it easier for companies to terminate employment. The implementation of the Ciptaker Law needs to be closely monitored and evaluate especially in terms of protecting employee rights so that this Law can improve welfare and decent employment opportunities. Sorry, please add the text you want shortened. Thank You.

The practice of the Nominee Agreement, which involves an agreement between the legal shareholder and the beneficiary, is often the method used for shareholding in limited liability companies, especially Joint Ventures. In this agreement, the registered shareholder (nominee) is the shareholder, while the beneficiary is the party who actually controls and receives direct benefits from the company. Even though this practice is expressly prohibited in foreign investment in Indonesia, especially based on Article 48 UUPM, and the agreement can be canceled by law because it does not meet the requirements of a legal cause in accordance with Article 1338 Paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, the use of nominee shareholders has not been prohibited explicitly by the government. Therefore, this can be considered as an attempt to circumvent the law or an act of legal manipulation. The type of research used in this study is empirical research, which includes research on legal identification and research on legal effectiveness.

National treatment is one of the fundamental standards in the implementation of foreign direct investment. An important element determining the applicability of national treatment standard is the existence of ‘like circumstances’ between foreign and domestic investors. However, the application of ‘like circumstances’ concept is often inconsistent, due to the absence of touchstones necessary to determine the ‘like circumstances’ itself. This study analyzes the significance of the application of ‘like circumstances’ concept in national treatment standard and its regulation in national treatment clauses in international investment agreements, showing that the absence of provisions on the touchstones to determine ‘like circumstances’ might contribute to the inconsistency of the application of national treatment standard, thus the insertion of the touchstones to determine ‘like circumstances’ is necessary.

Abstract: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a pivotal role in the economic development of many countries, especially in emerging markets. This paper explores the relationship between FDI and sustainable development goals (SDGs), with a focus on sectors like renewable energy, infrastructure, and education. By analyzing case studies from Latin America and Asia, the study highlights the contributions of FDI to sustainable development, such as job creation, technology transfer, and economic growth. Additionally, it examines the limitations, including dependency risks and environmental challenges. Findings suggest that targeted FDI policies are essential for maximizing FDI's positive impacts on sustainable growth.

The object of this research is Economic Growth in Central Java. This study aims to analyze the effect of foreign investment, inflation, and the consumer price index on economic growth in Central Java. The data used is time series data from 2015-2019 published by Bank Indonesia, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and the World Bank. The analytical method used in this study is a multiple regression analysis tool with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method approach. Based on this study it was concluded that inflation has a significant effect on economic growth in Central Java, while the exchange rate and investment have no significant effect on inflation in Central Java.

Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) and Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) are important sources of financing for developing regions and can make a significant contribution to development. As a component of capital flows, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered a relatively stable inflow compared to other capital flows, such as portfolio investment and foreign debt. A country's economy relies on investment to solve various problems, crises, and economic challenges. This is because investing in certain sectors of the economy can quickly change the various economic challenges facing a country. Both private and public investment bring many benefits, including job creation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of domestic and foreign investment on economic growth. This type of research is quantitative research. The research instrument used is documentation of research instruments through books and scientific journals. Data analysis using multiple regression method. As a result, it can be seen that foreign investment has a large positive effect on economic growth. Foreign direct investment helps Indonesia achieve stable national development. But domestic investment has no effect on economic growth. The implementation of this research is the need for the government's role as a regulator to support increased domestic and international investment in order to encourage Indonesia's economic growth.

Foreign Investment (PMA) and Domestic Investment (PMDN) are indicators that clearly have influence over the state of the economy in a certain country. The goal of this study is to understand and analyze the impact of asing and local government investments on gross domestic product (PDB). The methodology used is a quantitative method that makes use of second-level data from the Badan Pusat Statistics (BPS). The information used is a time series that spans the years 2017 to 2021. . This study was analyzed using the Classical Assumption test and Multiple Regression With PMA and PMDN serving as variables X or independent variables and PDB serving as variables Y or dependent variables, The results of studies found that foreign investment or (PMA) have no significant impact on GDP, whereas domestic investment or (PMDN) has significant impact on GDP.

Legal certainty can be reached by good and explicit principles in a legislation, as well as its application. Investment requires legal certainty as well. On April 26, 2007, the Investment Law No. 25 of 2007 was enacted. This legislation was enacted to replace Law No. 1 of 1967 on Foreign Investment and Law No. 6 of 1968 on Domestic Investment. There are eleven factors that serve as benchmarks for gauging a country's ease of doing business. One of the indications is related to the resolution of investment conflicts, or in this case, contract enforcement and bankruptcy proceedings. According to the Doing Business 2019 report, Indonesia ranks 73rd (seventy-three) in terms of ease of doing business. Indonesia's EoDB ranking remains distant from the aim of entering the world's top 40 (forty) ranks. This is due to the fact that, among other things, dispute resolution in Indonesia still has various issues, including basic regulations, the trial procedure, and decision implementation. Meanwhile, affordable, fast, and simple conflict resolution facilities are required in the corporate world (according to EoDB indications). The results of this descriptive analytical research utilizing a normative juridical approach reveal that there is no implementing regulation of Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning Investment, which focuses on discussing investment disputes, therefore there is no strong legal certainty in investing in Indonesia. Furthermore, there are several issues concerning the resolution of bankruptcy cases, some of which stem from regulations, namely Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations, some of which can result in certain interests, the length of the bankruptcy court process, and legal certainty following the bankruptcy decision. A breakthrough or update that can support EoDB is required, one of which can be done in the field of investment dispute resolution, particularly connected to contract enforcement and bankruptcy case settlement, by creating implementing regulations and updating associated regulations.

Foreign direct investment merupakan salah satu sumber pembiayaan negara yang memiliki kontribusi penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi dunia. Dimana yang dapat memengaruhi foreign direct investment ini antara lain biaya perdagangan mitra, tarif pajak, dan produk domestik bruto. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari biaya perdagangan mitra, tarif pajak, dan produk domestik bruto terhadap foreign direct investment negara-negara Benua Asia di Indonesia tahun 2014-2018. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini yaitu foreign direct investment, sedangkan variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah biaya perdagangan mitra, tarif pajak, dan produk domestik bruto.Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 negara-negara di Benua Asia yang memiliki kelengkapan data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian. Alat analisis yang digunakan antara lain analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis, dan uji koefisien determinasi. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel biaya perdagangan mitra dan tarif pajak berpengaruh negatif signifikan tehadap foreign direct investment. Variabel produk domestik bruto secara parsial berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap. Secara simultan, variabel biaya perdagangan mitra, tarif pajak, dan produk domestik bruto berpengaruh signifikan terhadap foreign direct investment. Koefisien determinasi dalam penelitian ini sebesar 0,754 artinya 75,4% foreign direct investment dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel biaya perdagangan mitra, tarif pajak, dan produk domestik bruto, sedangkan sisanyadijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian.

The profit sharing rate for mudharabah deposits is a type of investment in rupiah or foreign currency which withdrawals are made at payment due date using the mudharabah (profit sharing) principle. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Operating Expenses on Operating Income (BOPO) on the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits in Islamic commercial banks registered with the OJK in 2015-2019 through ROA as an intervening variable. The method of determining the sample using purposive sampling technique, in order to obtain a sample of 12 Islamic banks with 60 observation data. The type of data used is secondary data from the annual reports of Islamic Commercial Banks. Data analysis using SEM PLS with WarpPLS 7.0 software program. The results of the study prove that BOPO has a significant effect on ROA. Meanwhile, BOPO and ROA do not have effect on the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits, and BOPO does not have effect on the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits through ROA.

This study examines the effect of PAD, DAU, DAK, DBH, Area on Capital Expenditures and their impact on Economic Growth. The population in this study is the Province / Region of Sumatra, Java, and Bali in 2012-2017.The sampling method uses purposive sampling with the study period from 2012-2017 producing 96 samples. The relationship and or influence between variables is explained by using the multiple regression analysis method. the results of the study show that PAD, DAK and area have a significant positive effect on Capital Expenditures, DAU and DBH have no effect on Capital Expenditures, Capital Expenditures have a significant negative effect on Economic Growth. Testing the control variable shows that the relationship between the Human Development Index has no effect on Economic Growth, while Direct Foreign Investment has a significant positive effect on Economic Growth.  Keywords: Capital Expenditures, PAD, DAU, DAK, DBH, Area, Human Development Index, Direct Foreign Investment, and Economic Growth

It was discovered that FDIs’ contributes in reducing unemployment rate in Indonesia although is of adiminutive percentage compared to the present population. It was also been known that most of peoplehave no or very little knowledge about FDI. It has been therefore advised that, the government shouldencourage more foreign investments so as to increase the government fund and to reduce theunemployment rate in Indonesia and FDI should as well be disseminated to the country. The existingFDIs is one of strategy in Nawacita Vision to accelarate and transform economic country to lessenpoverty and unemployment .

Foreign Direct Investment flows to developing countries surged in the 1990s, to become their leading source of external financing. This raises in FDI volume make government must be generate domestic policies to push FDI inflows. The first step is identification macroeconomic determinants of FDI inflows.Globerman and Shapiro (2005) suggest the macroecomic variables, such as, market size, resources, and financial sector, may be associated with FDI inflows, especially in developingcountries. The problem is how far the macroeconomic variable can push FDI inflows, in condition, imperfect economic liberalisation.This study proofs that market size, included, domestic economy (GDP) and extention of domestic economy (Openness) significantly push FDI inflow. But debt variable, despite of associated with government policy, significantly impeded FDI inflows.Key words: Foreign Direct Investment, Market Size, and Financial Sector.