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A green economy to achieve sustainable development provides technological innovation and stock market profits in a sustainable social and environmental economy. To accelerate the transition to an environmentally friendly economy, companies need to understand the impact of implementing environmentally friendly policies and activities on the economy. Results show that green economic growth policies produce future aggregate stock market returns are lower, consistent with the perceived reduction in risk argument by investors. As this research increases our understanding of how the transition to a more sustainable green economy can impact the aggregate profitability of financial markets, implementing a green economy is important to implement appropriate measures to support it sensitively without incurring large costs that adversely impact the health of the economy. Increasing the driving force of technological innovation is the need to comply with environmentally friendly transformation in the economy and realize high-quality economic growth in technological innovation that does not provide support for green economic growth, but over time the impact of technological innovation on economic growth will change to positive. This shows that increasing the ability of technological innovation to encourage environmentally friendly economic efficiency.

In environmental conservation, accounting plays a crucial role undertaken by companies and other groups. This encompasses interests for public organizations and local companies by companies and other groups. Additionally, environmental accounting also contributes to enhancing effectiveness and productivity in environmental preservation activities by improving internal decision-making processes, such as pricing, controlling overhead costs, and capital budgeting. Qualitative research is utilized to understand and explore this phenomenon using triangulation methods to gather data from various different sources. The research findings indicate that limiting the use of oil-fueled vehicles in Indonesia could be an effort to control climate change, in line with the Paris Agreement, while renewable energy stands as an alternative to be utilized. The UNFCCC has endeavored to regulate the amount or effects of greenhouse gases to limit global temperature rise, with each country expected to set their national contributions to combat climate change. This effort is responded to through UN conferences and results in global agreements, including the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, which are legally binding to limit global temperature rise.

This article discusses the importance of reaching mutually beneficial solutions in international conflicts, focusing on negotiation and mediation as key elements. Negotiation allows both parties to resolve each other's differences, while mediation facilitates dialogue and promotes compromise. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and case approach to analyze relevant laws and regulations related to the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime boundary, using the technique of collecting legal materials for literature studies. These disputes also impact social, political, economic, and environmental life, and both countries must accept the consequences of the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime dispute, such as dispute resolution costs, potential conflicts, and environmental impacts. The results of this study show that negotiations aim to achieve mutually beneficial solutions by providing a forum for communication, identifying common interests, constructive negotiations, and dialogue with regional, national, or international organizations such as the United Nations. Meanwhile, mediation plays an important role in reaching mutually beneficial solutions, assisting effective communication, information and education, claims actions, compromises, facilitating the negotiation process, and reaching mutual agreements.    

The Recapitulation Information System, known as SIREKAP, launched by the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia, is an election tool based on the latest technology to receive and manage manual vote counting of general election results which are converted into digital data. The Recapitulation Information System (SIREKAP) is the starting point in the process of transitioning election administration from manual to digital, which will ensure that elections in Indonesia can be held effectively and efficiently in the future, so that elections and democracy will look better. Through SIREKAP, this long process can be shortened, costs can be reduced, disputes can be extended and resolved more quickly, and elections can be conducted in a more environmentally friendly manner. However, this has many challenges and risks that must be taken seriously. SIREKAP is also vulnerable to election data security problems due to system hacking or data manipulation which could endanger the integrity of election results, especially in the 2024 General Election for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates.

This research aims to demonstrate the impact of Environmental Performance and Environmental Costs on Financial Performance and Leverage as Intervening variables in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange throughout the period of 2019-2021.This research falls under the category of quantitative research, utilizing secondary data sourced from financial reports or annual reports released by companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data gathering method employed is the purposive sampling technique, with a selection criterion of 50 companies. This results in a total of 150 data points available for analysis. This study employs descriptive analysis techniques and utilizes the SPSS v26 software for data analysis.      Based on the findings of this study, only three hypotheses were confirmed, while the remaining four were disproven. There is no correlation between Environmental Performance and Leverage, but Environmental Costs do have an impact on Leverage. On the other hand, Environmental Performance does influence Financial Performance, while Environmental Costs do not. Financial performance is not influenced by leverage. The relationship between Environmental Performance and Financial Performance is not influenced by Leverage, and Leverage is not considered an Intervening variable. However, there is a significant influence of Environmental Costs on Financial Performance.

This study explores the application of green hydrogen technology for industrial decarbonization, focusing on its techno-economic and environmental feasibility. A quantitative approach was used, incorporating system modeling of a solar-based hydrogen production system combined with electrolyzers. The techno-economic assessment involved calculating the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), estimating capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), and evaluating the system's energy efficiency and hydrogen output. The environmental impact was analyzed using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), comparing the carbon footprint of green hydrogen with fossil-based hydrogen. The results reveal that green hydrogen can reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% compared to fossil hydrogen, primarily due to the use of renewable energy for production. Additionally, the study found significant improvements in energy efficiency as electrolyzer performance and solar capacity increased. The LCOH is expected to decrease steadily as solar panel and electrolyzer prices continue to fall, enhancing the competitiveness of green hydrogen in the energy market. The findings also highlight the potential for heavy industries, such as cement and steel production, to transition from fossil fuels to green hydrogen, contributing to a cleaner industrial energy mix. This transition presents both environmental and economic benefits, with long-term savings from reduced fossil fuel dependency and lower production costs.

Energy efficiency has become a cornerstone in industrial optimization, reducing operational costs and contributing to sustainability. This paper reviews key innovative approaches in mechanical systems used to enhance energy efficiency within industrial applications. It covers advances in system design, smart technologies, automation, and predictive maintenance. By understanding these techniques, industries can make strides toward greener production processes, lower energy costs, and reduced environmental impact.

Population growth in Indonesia continues to increase every year. If the rate of population growth in Indonesia is currently stagnant. It is estimated that Indonesia's population will double every 5 years. The increase in population has an impact on issues of food security, meeting energy needs, environmental control, and the low level of Indonesia's Human Development Index (HDI). Meanwhile, in the health sector, the increase in population also has an impact on the high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the use of injectable contraceptives for 1 month at the Lahusa South Nias Community Health Center in 2023.The type of research carried out was Descriptive Analytical with a cross sectional approach, the sample in the study was 43 people using a Random Sampling System. The data collected in the research is primary data, namely data obtained directly from respondents. The data analysis used is chi square The results of the cross-tabulation research showed that the majority of mothers' knowledge was good in using contraceptives as many as 12 people (92.3%) with Chi-Square showing a p value of 0.000. So Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is a relationship between the mother's knowledge and the use of injectable contraceptives for 1 month at the Lahusa Health Center, South Nias in 2023. The conclusion is that it is hoped that providing a 1-month injectable contraceptive will make it easier and reduce the costs of carrying out contraception at the Lahusa South Nias Community Health Center in 2023.

This study seeks to create a system for monitoring the environment using the Internet of Things. It aims to help farmers manage their rice fields in a way that is both effective and sustainable. The system will provide farmers with real-time data on soil moisture, air temperature, and rainfall, allowing them to make informed decisions. Sensors will collect this information, which will be analyzed and presented simply through a web or mobile app. Early simulations suggest that this system could boost crop yields by as much as 15% and cut water use and costs by 20%. These findings point to the IoT monitoring system as a practical means to enhance rice farming's efficiency and productivity. Yet, there are hurdles. Issues like poor network infrastructure, high costs of implementation, and the farmers' ability to adapt to this technology need to be overcome for the system to work properly. This study aspires to make a real difference in promoting sustainable farming practices while paving the way for more advanced IoT solutions in the future.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, Environmental Costs, and Company Size on the Financial Performance of mining sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study using the type of quantitative data with the acquisition of secondary data derived from financial statements. Sampling using Purposive Sampling technique with 32 samples in this study. The method used in this study adopts the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to analyze the relationship between CSR disclosure, Environmental Costs and Company Size. The results of this study indicate that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has a positive but insignificant effect on financial performance. While Environmental Costs and Company Size have a negative and significant effect on Financial Performance.

This research explores the potential of local bio-composites made from bamboo and coconut fiber as sustainable building materials in Indonesia. The construction sector in Indonesia faces significant environmental challenges, particularly the high carbon emissions associated with conventional materials like concrete and steel. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the environmental and economic benefits of substituting these traditional materials with bio-composites, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and energy optimization simulations. The LCA methodology evaluates the environmental impact of bio-composites across their entire life cycle, comparing them with conventional materials in terms of carbon emissions, energy consumption, and waste. Energy optimization simulations focus on assessing the thermal performance and overall building efficiency when using bio-composites in construction. The main findings suggest that bio-composites exhibit a significantly lower carbon footprint and better thermal insulation properties than concrete and steel, contributing to reduced energy consumption in buildings. Additionally, the use of locally sourced materials like bamboo and coconut fiber offers economic advantages, such as lower transportation costs and support for local economies. The research concludes that bio-composites can serve as viable alternatives to traditional materials, providing both environmental and economic benefits. For successful adoption, the research recommends policy support, technological advancements, and educational initiatives to promote the use of bio-composites in Indonesia’s construction industry.

Renewable energy microgrids integrated with smart control systems are emerging as a sustainable solution for electrifying rural industrial zones, offering substantial improvements in energy efficiency and reductions in carbon emissions. This study explores the implementation of hybrid renewable energy systems, combining solar and wind energy, and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to optimize energy consumption in real-time. The findings highlight that the combination of solar and wind energy in microgrids leads to up to a 30% increase in energy efficiency, with a significant reduction in CO₂ emissions, reaching up to 50% compared to traditional grid systems. IoT sensors play a crucial role in load forecasting, optimization, and system stability, enabling real-time monitoring and proactive adjustments to energy distribution. Additionally, the implementation of these systems in rural industrial zones not only provides reliable, clean energy but also reduces reliance on fossil fuels, making them economically viable and environmentally sustainable. However, challenges such as high initial investment costs, integration complexities, and the need for skilled technicians remain. Despite these barriers, the long-term benefits of reduced energy costs, improved energy security, and lower carbon footprints make renewable energy microgrids a promising solution. The study suggests that these systems can be scaled to other rural regions facing similar challenges in energy access and carbon emissions, offering a path to sustainable development. Further research is recommended to explore alternative renewable energy combinations and advancements in IoT applications to improve system scalability and efficiency.

This paper presents an optimization approach for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind-battery energy system tailored for remote areas in Indonesia. Due to the archipelagic nature of the country, many remote areas lack access to the national power grid, making renewable energy solutions crucial. This study utilizes a genetic algorithm to optimize system configurations, balancing energy production, storage requirements, and cost efficiency. Results indicate that the proposed hybrid system can meet local demand with high reliability and at lower costs compared to diesel generators. The study also addresses environmental and social impacts, proposing sustainable energy strategies for Indonesia's underserved regions.

The integration of Green Internet of Things (Green IoT) systems in agriculture presents a promising solution for addressing critical challenges in water and energy usage. This study investigates the impact of real-time monitoring and data-driven irrigation control on resource optimization in precision agriculture. By incorporating soil moisture sensors, solar-powered IoT devices, and data analytics, the system aims to reduce water and energy consumption, enhancing sustainability in farming practices. The research finds that the Green IoT system can reduce water usage by up to 40% compared to traditional methods, while energy consumption is decreased by approximately 25% through the use of solar energy. The study also explores the advantages of implementing IoT-enabled systems, which ensure precise water delivery, preventing over-watering and under-watering, thereby improving crop yields and reducing waste. Despite these positive outcomes, the research identifies key challenges such as high initial costs, limited infrastructure in rural areas, and concerns related to data security. These barriers hinder the widespread adoption of Green IoT systems, especially in developing agricultural regions. Nonetheless, the findings highlight the potential of Green IoT to foster sustainable agricultural practices by promoting efficient resource use and reducing environmental impact. The study suggests that further research should explore the long-term economic implications of Green IoT adoption and investigate ways to overcome technical and financial challenges. Additionally, expanding the scope of Green IoT to other agricultural sectors, such as livestock farming, could enhance its applicability and overall impact on agricultural sustainability.

The aim of this research is to determine the level of understanding and concern of food and beverage canteen MSME business actors at Muhammadiyah University of Riau regarding the application of environmental accounting in their business operations. Environmental accounting is a field of accounting that is developing by voluntarily including environmental costs in company financial reports. Research data was collected through questionnaires. Using a random proportional technique, three canteen MSMEs selling food and drinks at the Muhammadiyah University of Riau were selected. In this qualitative descriptive research, data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model in Sugiyono (2017): reducing data, presenting data, and making conclusions. The research results show that two out of three food and beverage MSME business owners in the Muhammadiyah University of Riau canteen have a good understanding and concern about the importance of implementing green accounting (environmental accounting). They do not yet understand the details of business and environmental costs, but they know that environmental costs are included in their business financial statements.

PT. Varia Usaha Beton Sidoarjo is a manufacturing company that produces concrete products and provides services, where the products produced definitely produce a high environmental impact. The application of environmental accounting itself is needed to support the company's operational activities to identify, measure, evaluate and report environmental accounting as control over the responsibility for negative impacts from the company's operational activities. The triple bottom line concept is also a theory that looks not only from the profit aspect but also from the people and planet aspect.  This research aims to find out how environmental accounting is implemented in relation to the triple bottom line concept towards a green economy in order to achieve sustainability at PT. Varia Usaha Beton Sidoarjo.  This research uses a qualitative descriptive research design with a case study approach.  The data in this research was obtained from observations and interviews by researchers with parties related to the research.  Based on the results of research at PT. Varia Usaha Beton, it is known that the company has implemented environmental accounting, but the recording carried out does not yet have a separate account.  The company has been responsible for managing and minimizing environmental costs to improve company performance, which is related to the triple bottom line concept towards a green economy in order to achieve company sustainability through managing waste and the products produced.

Regency roads are local roads which do not include roads connecting the district capital to other districts, but their network is diverse as a link for local activities, namely connector roads between villages, between sub-districts, production center roads and environmental roads in residential areas. This research focuses on roads in Kaur Selatan District and Maje District, Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province with a total length of 128.50 km with a total of 68 sections. There are several sub-district roads which are a road network that is integrated with national roads. In general, this road section is often used by various types of vehicles, from light to heavy vehicles. Utilization of roads that do not match their class and the influence of the weather climate in areas that are quite extreme result in landslides so that the road body becomes narrow and heavily damaged. As a result of damage to existing roads, community activities are hampered. The purpose of this research is to provide information to the Bengkulu Regency government in preparing priority planning, determining the type of pavement that is appropriate to the location of the road section and determining the calculation of the costs required. The results of research and calculations show that the cost required for road repairs is IDR. 70,788,844,000 for a period of 5 years. The priority scale consists of 17 sections with a cost of Rp. 57,541,204,000.

The aim of this research is to find out how environmental management accounting, green innovation and environmental performance are used by the Nganjuk Regency Environmental Service. Descriptive research with a qualitative approach was used. The data used in this research comes from interviews conducted in 2022, as well as data from the Nganjuk Regency Environmental Service. Descriptive analysis is used to analyze the data. describes the results of his findings based on the data collected.The results of this research indicate that the Nganjuk Regency Environmental Service has completed the treatment stages of implementing environmental management accounting for waste management costs and has evaluated the level of environmental performance well. In addition, they have implemented green innovation as a form of social responsibility to society and the environment, as seen in the presentation of waste management costs included in detailed financial reports. Furthermore, the more environmental performance evaluations carried out, the higher the level of community satisfaction. Conversely, the lower the level of environmental performance evaluation, the lower public satisfaction with the company.

Research Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of  environmental costs and environmental performance on return on assets in energy companies listed in the Sharia Securities List. Research Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used quantitative descriptive analysis with secondary data, analysis tools are regression panel data. Research Results:  The results show that simultaneously show that the variables of environmental costs and environmental performance together have a positive and significant effect on return on assets in energy companies listed in the Sharia Securities List. while partially showing that environmental cost variables have a negative and significant effect on return on assets in energy companies listed in the Sharia Securities List,  while environmental performance variables have a negative and insignificant effect on return on assets in energy companies listed in the Sharia Securities List. Implications of Research Results: The implication of research results is that companies should do the need to increase environmental costs and environmental performance in an effort to increase sustainable company profitability.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of Green Accounting in medical waste management at AMC Hospital. Bandung AMC Hospital is the subject of the study. The research methodology is qualitative. According to the study's findings, the hospital's spending for medical management waste. These expenses are reported in identical accounts, and the disclosure of incurred environmental costs has yet to be published in a distinct report from the parent report. Based on the notion of green accounting, this study reveals environmental cost reports and how to quantify the costs of environmental information supplied by hospitals for medical management.