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The incidence of short toddlers or commonly called stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world today. Stunting is a chronic condition in toddlers that describes inhibited body growth due to nutritional deficiencies in the long term. Stunting can have a bad impact on a person both in the short and long term. The adverse impact in the short term is disruption of brain development, intelligence, physical growth disorders, and metabolic disorders in the body. Meanwhile, the long-term adverse effects are decreased cognitive ability and learning achievement, decreased immunity, and a high risk of diabetes, obesity, heart and vascular disease, cancer, stroke, and disability in old age. Objective: To analyze the corellation between the level of knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the UPTD Panarung Palangka Raya Health Center and to analyze the relationship between the age of the mother during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the UPTD Panarung Health Center Palangka Raya. Methods: The design of this study is correlational (Non-Experimental), a type of cross sectional approach; the sample is 59 respondents at the UPTD Panarung Health Center. Results: Based on the results of the Spearman Rank statistical test, a value of p 0.000 < 0.05 can be concluded that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a meaningful corellation between maternal knowledge and stunting incidence. And the results of  the Spearman Rank  statistical test obtained a value of p 0.009 < 0.05, it can be concluded that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a meaningful corellation between the mother's age and the incidence of stunting. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is a corellation between the level of awareness and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. And there is a corellation between the age of the mother during pregnancy and the incidence  of stunting in toddlers.

Dyslexia is not a disorder that occurs due to a person's physical disability but rather refers to the brain that functions as a processor, dyslexia is a nerve disorder that is useful in language processing that makes sufferers have difficulty in identifying words. The purpose of this study is to identify and also describe the appropriate handling and strategies applied by educators in helping dyslexic students who have difficulty reading at the beginning with symptoms that usually occur, namely sufferers will be slow and hesitant in speaking, and difficulty in choosing the right words to express the meaning they want to convey, so the spelling method is used as a strategy to overcome it, which is a way of learning to read that starts from spelling letter by letter. The strategy of using this spelling method is indeed the most suitable to use, proven by the experience of several people who have handled dyslexic and also previous studies that present a comparison between before and after applying this method, and the results obtained show that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes after applying this spelling method.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

Dangerous chemicals are always used when building new fiberglass boats which can have a negative impact on human safety and health. Fiberglass boat building also involves the use of potentially dangerous work equipment. Because the risk aspects that cause work accidents have not been identified, work accidents often occur at this fiberglass boat manufacturing company, with an average of 15 work accidents per year. With this background, the author identifies the risk of work accidents, determines the risk value and identifies alternative solutions. Identification of work accident risks is carried out using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and calculating risk values ​​according to ISO 45001:2018. After identifying the risk of work accidents in the process of building new fiberglass ships at this shipbuilding company, 25 potential risks were found. The risk score calculation according to ISO 45001:2018 classifies 11 potential risks into medium risk and high risk levels. The potential risk of work accidents when cutting wood to make molds is the occurrence of scratches and limbs being cut and lacerations and even permanent physical disability due to the grinding blade coming loose while the grinding process is in progress. This shows that there is a potential risk that has reached the High Risk level and must be followed up as quickly as possible.

Stroke can lead to disability and weakness, resulting in a decline in functional abilities and making patients dependent on others. Independence in performing daily activities is crucial for post-stroke patients as it fosters a sense of purpose and improves their spirit for life, ultimately having a positive impact on their quality of life. Blood pressure control and self-efficacy play significant roles in managing independence and improving the quality of life for post-stroke patients. To determine the relationship between blood pressure control and self-efficacy with the Katz Index and the quality of life in post-stroke patients. This quantitative study employed a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to 70 respondents. The sampling method used was non-probability sampling with accidental sampling. The data were analyzed using Lambda and Spearman’s rank correlation tests. The findings revealed that most respondents had controlled blood pressure (50 respondents), high self-efficacy (51 respondents), Katz Index category A (52 respondents), and a high quality of life (54 respondents). The study concludes that there is a relationship between blood pressure control and self-efficacy with the Katz Index and the quality of life in post-stroke patients.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. Stroke survivors often experience severe disabilities, particularly in their ability to walk and perform daily physical activities independently. Many are unable to ambulate without assistance, even after reaching a certain level of independence. These persistent impairments contribute to a decreased quality of life and increase the risk of long-term complications. This study aims to determine the self-perceived difficulty in performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among ischemic stroke patients. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design and involved 25 ischemic stroke patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected at Banda General Hospital using the Barthel Index (BI) assessment tool to evaluate the patients' level of independence in carrying out daily activities, both before and after receiving physiotherapy. The results showed that, prior to physiotherapy, 10 respondents (40%) were in the category of severe dependency, requiring significant assistance to perform ADL. Following physiotherapy intervention, there was a decrease in the number of patients in the severe dependency category, indicating an improvement in functional independence. These findings suggest that physiotherapy plays an important role in supporting recovery and enhancing the ability of ischemic stroke patients to carry out daily activities. Patients’ self-perceived difficulties are also essential indicators in designing more personalized and effective rehabilitation programs.

  Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Physical mobility impairment can reduce patients' independence, while spirituality potentially enhances coping mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between spirituality level and the quality of life of stroke patients with physical mobility impairment at RSI Sultan Agung, Semarang. This study employs a descriptive quantitative design with a correlational approach. A total of 88 respondents were selected through simple random sampling and assessed using the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) and WHOQOL-BREF. Results indicate that most respondents have a moderate level of spirituality (44.32%) and good quality of life (31.82%). Spearman correlation analysis shows no significant relationship between spirituality level and quality of life (r = 0.134; p = 0.212). Nevertheless, a holistic approach incorporating physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects remains essential for enhancing patient well-being.

Not all humans have self confidence. Something that can make someone has less confidence is their disability. The aim of this research is to know an overview of the special needs students’ self confidence development in SMA “X” Gresik Regency. This research used qualitative research method, with subjects: student with autism, slow learner, and light mentally disabled. Data collectives method that used are observation, interview, and documentation. Analysis data method used Miles and Huberman Model. This research used triangulation of technique and sources for checking data credibility. This research shows that student with autism can do activities by himself, believe with what he does, responsible, realized and accepted his imperfection, knows reason and effect behind his action, can build interaction with others, adaptation with environment, and tolerance with others. Student with slow learner can do activities and make decision by himself, responsible, realized and accepted his imperfection, knows reason and effect behind his action, adaptation with environment, and tolerance with others. In the other hand, students with light mentally disabled can not approach directly, need more time to approach them. The closest person have important role for special needs students’ self confidence development, like family, special needs teachers, and classmates.

The frequency of floods in Central Java is the highest with 54 incidents. This study aims to analyze what factors are associated with flood disaster mitigation knowledge of students with special needs in SLB X in Semarang City. This research design uses cross sectional. The population in this study amounted to 32 respondents with total sampling technique so that the number of samples in this study was 32 respondents. The results showed that age (p=0.02) and education level (p=0.004) were related to the level of flood mitigation knowledge. 

Children with intellectual disabilities face challenges in their cognitive and adaptive abilities within their environment. This condition clearly sets them apart from their peers without disabilities. Parents need to understand and accept all forms of limitations their child may have so they can provide proper care and nurturing, enabling optimal growth and development. However, not all parents are able to comprehend and accept their child's condition. This is why training activities are necessary for these parents. Training is provided to parents of children with intellectual disabilities at SDLB-C1 (moderately intellectually disabled) SLB Widya Bhakti Semarang. The training employs methods of lecturing and simulation through floortime activities. Through this training, each participant gains new knowledge and skills as an effort to increase parental acceptance towards children with intellectual disabilities.

This research aims to identify students with special needs (PDBK) with emotional barriers (tunalaras) in elementary schools. Tunalas is a disorder in managing emotions and behavior that has an impact on students' social interactions and learning processes. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results showed that of the 846 students, 11 students (1.30%) were identified as experiencing emotional obstacles. The main characteristics of students with hearing impairments include difficulties in controlling emotions, a tendency to act aggressively, and difficulties in building social relationships. Therefore, a more adaptive and emotional support-based learning approach is needed to help them participate more effectively in inclusive education. By understanding the characteristics of students with disabilities, schools can develop more appropriate learning strategies to improve their academic and social development.  

Background Sexual health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or disability in all matters relating to sexuality. While reproductive rights are the right to achieve optimal sexual and reproductive health standards. Including the right to make decisions regarding reproduction without discrimination and violence. Complete information and also the instillation of religious values and norms can be provisions to prevent sexual crimes against children and adolescents (reproductive health, 2020). The purpose of this community service program (PKM) is to improve human resources in terms of being a means of developing knowledge of fertile couples for excellent efforts to prevent menstrual cycle disorders in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District in 2024 and the establishment of a reproductive health clinic for fertile women. The methods used include 3 stages: 1. Preparation stage At this stage, an official letter process is carried out for activity permits. 2. Implementation stage The second stage is implementation. In each session, before the education, a pretest questionnaire was given, after all participants filled out the questionnaire, the educational material presentation session began, after the counseling, a posttest was given by giving a questionnaire. Stage 3 is the evaluation of the counseling activities through a knowledge questionnaire. For this knowledge variable, a pretest and posttest assessment were carried out. Results Based on the results of the implementation of community service for WUS in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, Sumatra Province, the average knowledge score before being given education (pretest) was 59.02 while after being given education (posttest) it increased to 79.99. Based on the results of statistical tests with a P value: 0.001

Stroke is a physical disability disease, which affects the upper extremity motor system. To support post-stroke motor rehabilitation, research on IoT-based elbow exoskeleton therapy devices that help elbow therapy with flexion and extension movements. The therapy device uses DS-SERVORD5160 as the main driver to provide flexible movement. By using the ESP32 microcontroller control system equipped with a Bluetooth connection that is connected via the MIT App Inventor application from a smartphone that can be done at home to increase the effectiveness of post-stroke recovery. The results of this study with low (20°), medium (40 °) and high (60 °) modes by providing a maximum load of 2 Kg. It can be concluded that the device shows stable performance in low (20 °) and medium (40 °) modes, but in testing with high mode (60 °) with a load of 2 Kg there is a decrease in servo performance which is indicated by the instability of the servo movement which shows an angle of 56 °.

The issue of limited employment access for persons with disabilities is a strategic concern that demands serious attention, particularly in Medan City. Unit Layanan Disabilitas (ULD) under the Department of Manpower of Medan City was established as a government initiative to support persons with disabilities in obtaining equal employment rights. ULD has demonstrated positive initiatives through skills training, coordination with companies, and the placement of workers with disabilities. However, its effectiveness in realizing inclusive employment still faces various internal challenges, such as limited personnel capacity and suboptimal work structure. The research method used in this study is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The data was analyzed qualitatively usingInstitutional Capacity Development indicators proposed by Merilee S. Grindle (1997), which include three dimensions: Human Resource Development, Organizational Strengthening, and Institutional Reform. The results of this study indicate thatthat in the dimension of human resource development, some ULD members have not received adequate training, there are no specialized assistants, and the recruitment process is not yet based on specific competencies. In terms of organizational strengthening, unclear division of tasks, weak internal communication systems, and suboptimal leadership in directing cross-sectoral teamwork were identified. Meanwhile, in the institutional reform dimension, there is still a lack of concrete policy support from the local government. Nevertheless, ULD has successfully facilitated the employment of 42 persons with disabilities in companies that provide inclusive job opportunities to fulfill the 1% employment quota for persons with disabilities

Smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity, premature death, and disability that can be prevented by various efforts. This article reviews various non-pharmacological interventions that are effective in reducing smoking behavior. The method used is to conduct a literature search from 10 journals. The results of the article review show that all methods used to stop smoking behavior have proven effective. The methods for stopping smoking that are widely used in this article are SFET, MHT, Making xylitol candy and nicotine candy, and counseling on efforts to reduce smoking cessation. This method can reduce the intensity of smoking and increase awareness of the dangers of smoking. In addition, the use of xylitol gum and education programs have also been shown to be effective in reducing smoking habits. An approach that involves family and community support, as well as appropriate counseling, is very important to increase individual knowledge and motivation to quit smoking. With the right combination of strategies, it is expected to reduce the prevalence of smoking and its negative impacts on public health.  

The Griya Harapan Difabel Social Service Center (Pusyansos GHD) offers guidance programs for people with disabilities, encompassing physical, mental, social, and spiritual aspects. One of the successful outcomes is the production of batik, which has gained wide recognition and contributed to the growth of local SMEs. This community service project focuses on providing comfortable facilities for massage skills training for people with disabilities. Currently, the training space needs a redesign to enhance comfort and safety for its users. The proposed solution involves a disability-friendly design with unique aesthetic features. It is expected that this improved training facility will enhance massage skills, create new business opportunities, and provide a sustainable income source for the community.

Diabetes Mellitus is a medical condition usually characterized by blood glucose levels that exceed normal limits. Glucose in the blood comes from carbohydrates consumed through food, which are then stored as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. Diabetes mellitus has a serious impact as the main cause of chronic complications, including coronary heart disease and stroke which accounts for 65% of deaths. Other complications, such as retinopathy and diabetic foot, are major causes of disability. Overall, these complications increase mortality, morbidity, disability, and the burden of medical costs. This article presents the results of research regarding blood glucose levels among the people of Kasilampe Village, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. This activity involved 50 respondents consisting of 15 men (30%) and 35 women (70%). The aim of this research is to identify blood sugar levels and increase public understanding of the importance of carrying out regular health checks. The method used in this research is the accidental sampling method, namely by selecting individuals who are accessible and willing to take blood glucose level checks.The examination results showed that 35 respondents (70%) had blood glucose levels below 140 mg/dL, which indicates good glucose control. Based on the results of the examination, there were 7 respondents (14%) in the range of 140-199 mg/dL, which indicates that the respondent's glucose level was included in the pre-diabetes category and 8 respondents (16%) had glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dL, which indicates that the The respondent's glucose is included in the Diabetes category. These findings emphasize the need for appropriate health interventions and education regarding healthy eating patterns to prevent diabetes mellitus. It is hoped that this activity can become the basis for a more effective diabetes prevention program in the community.

The case of serial rape committed by I Wayan Agus Suartama, a man with a disability, raises complex debates about punishment and the rights of persons with disabilities. This research aims to analyze the criminalization of the criminal case of rape from the perspective of criminal law and the rights of persons with disabilities in Indonesia. The research method used is juridical-normative research by analyzing cases and interviews with legal experts and disability activists. The results showed that the criminalization of the case had not been adequately considered and considered the rights of persons with disabilities and needed improvement in terms of accessibility, education and awareness about disability. This research recommends improvements to criminal law and policies for the protection of persons with disabilities to promote social justice and equality.  

The MCH handbook This book covers a wide range of health-related subjects for parents, beginning with pregnancy and continuing through delivery and maturity. It also provides several techniques to take care of your own health as well as the health of your children. Therefore, if the KIA book is not helpful, it would be terrible to be able to notice it on the mother and kid. A number of factors, including the comprehension of Abu Hamil, have the potential to influence the interpretation of the book KIA. Acquiring knowledge may be accomplished via education, experience, or the information that one already has. The purpose of this research is to investigate the connection between the use of the KIA book and the level of knowledge that the parents of Hamil children have on child care at Bpm Riris indayani S.Tr. Keb. This particular study is a research endeavour that focusses on analytical observational research. An alternative approach, known as a cross-sectional design, is used. Due to the fact that they all had KIA books in hand throughout the time period of April to June 2023, this study included the participation of twenty-four married women. Through the use of a method known as comprehensive sampling, we conducted a survey of the whole population for this research. Instruments that are used include a KIA bookcase as well as a kuisoner. A mother who went to bpm with KIA books was the subject of the data gathering that was carried out under this project. The techniques of data analysis that have been chosen are the univariate analysis and the bivariate analysis. Based on the findings of the study, it was discovered that out of a total of 24 respondents, 87.5% were aware of health insurance, and 21 respondents were also aware of disability insurance. Given the p-value of.002 obtained from the chi-square statistical test, where the α-value is 0.05, it is possible for us to draw the conclusion that there is a Hubungan Pemanfaatan Buku KIA Dengan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Perawatan Kehamilan Di BPM Riris Indayani S.Tr. Keb. The recommendation for the elderly person is to learn about the book of KIA that is distributed in a healthy manner.