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Lutung Kasarung is a folk tale from West Java that can be famous among the public. This story tells about a handsome prince named Sanghyang Guruminda who was punished by being thrown to earth for making a mistake in the form of a lutung. Sanghyang Guruminda got lost in a forest so he was named Lutung Kasarung. In Sundanese Lutung Kasarung means lost Lutung. The popularity of Lutung Kasarung makes the other two characters, namely Purbasari and Purbararang, look like side characters, in fact, these siblings characters play an important role in the development of the storyline. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements contained in the Lutung Kasarung folklore. The formulation of this story problem includes: How is the journey of lutung kasarung to return to its original form? How is the plot of the lutung kasarung folk story? What mandate can be taken from the folk tale of lutung kasarung?. The research methods used are qualitative methods and Library Studies. Data sources are collected through literature studies that use various literature sources, including articles, journals, and websites that discuss Lutung Kasarung folklore. The analysis used is literary theory according to Meyer Howard Abrams, which is objective theory. An objective approach looks at the work of an autonomous object. It means, literary works can stand alone without involving things that are outside the work such as politics, economy, and others. Therefore, the focus of the objective approach is the work itself. The research results in this story show loyalty and sacrifice in the character of Lutung Kasarung, the characters in this story describe honor and strong inner strength with the outside world. The recommendation from this research is the need for further study development because it is still less related to the symbolism in this folklore, as well as efforts to preserve in folklore as part of cultural identity that can educate the younger generation to still preserve the noble values of our ancestors.

The restaurant business continues to grow, but few business actors understand how to seize business opportunities to increase competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the application of the Canvas Business Model (BMC) in the culinary industry, with a focus on the fast food business in the city of Surakarta. BMC is used to evaluate nine key elements: value proposition, customer segments, distribution channels, customer relationships, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, cost structure, and revenue streams. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection through surveys, interviews, and observations. The results of the study show that the implementation of BMC can increase the effectiveness of business strategies, especially in terms of product innovation, improved customer experience, and optimization of digital marketing and partnership networks. In addition, a SWOT analysis is conducted to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the culinary business, which is then used as a basis in designing a growth strategy. The main findings of this study propose new business models that are more adaptive and sustainable, including product diversification strategies, the use of digital technology, and strengthening partnerships with suppliers and food delivery service platforms. This research is expected to be a reference for culinary entrepreneurs in developing more competitive and sustainable business strategies in the digital era.

The purpose of improving the function of Indonesian to become an international language is to show the nation's identity and increase the nation's competitiveness. Indonesian has the potential to become an international language because of various factors such as the positive attitude of Indonesian speakers is characterized by Indonesians' pleasure to use Indonesian and has a sense of love, pride and loyalty to the Indonesian language. The movement of the role of Indonesian in the country and the internationalization of the Indonesian language are jointly supported by the promotion of good and correct use of the Indonesian language. This promotion needs to be prioritized to maintain the existence of language as a symbol of the identity of the Indonesian nation in global life. Therefore, various efforts are made as well as hard work and cooperation between language institutions, all elements of the government and the role of the wider community are strategic steps to realize the existence and role of the Indonesian language in the international world.

Climate-induced migration is becoming an increasingly significant global issue, driven by environmental changes such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource scarcity. Despite its growing importance, current legal frameworks inadequately address the protection of climate migrants, leaving them vulnerable and without clear legal rights. This research aims to propose an integrated social-environmental justice framework to address the legal accountability for climate-induced migration, focusing on the recognition of migrant rights, state responsibilities, and environmental protection. The study uses a comparative legal analysis to examine legal systems across various countries and incorporates field data from climate-vulnerable coastal communities through interviews, surveys, and legal case reviews. The research finds that the proposed framework enhances migrant recognition and clarifies state responsibilities in 70% of reviewed legal cases, offering a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional environmental and human rights approaches. The framework's integration of legal, social, and environmental elements provides a holistic response to climate migration, emphasizing equity and sustainability. However, challenges such as political resistance, fragmented governance, and limited funding hinder full implementation. The study concludes by recommending that governments and international bodies adopt this framework and strengthen their commitment to legal protections and climate adaptation strategies for displaced populations. Further research should focus on refining legal frameworks, addressing implementation barriers, and expanding the scope of social-environmental justice to better support climate migrants.

This service aims to socialize the mathematical connection to the concept of Element (demand and supply for MSME products in North Pelawi Village, Babalan District, Langkat Regency. This service activity is carried out by a service team consisting of lecturers and students who aim to provide briefings in the form of socialization to the community of business actors and MSME owners where with this activity it is hoped that there will be awareness and motivation of business actors to relieve the importance of applying mathematical concepts in the context of the connection or tension between the amount of demand and supply. So to predict the amount of demand and the amount of supply at a certain price is not difficult. Because with the ability to predict and control the number of goods offered, the price will be able to be conditioned to be stable and still within reasonable limits. For this reason, the role of business actors has a great influence on the sustainability and development of the business carried out so that the goal of obtaining maximum profits for better MSME performance is obtained. This service was carried out in North Pelawi Village by previously recording business actors around North Pelawi Village with the aim that MSMEs that have been run so far can better apply an understanding of mathematical concepts that are connected to the demand and supply elements for products produced in a certain period or period of time.

Circulating drugs without a distribution permit is a criminal act, where the drugs being distributed are not necessarily relevant to their composition and manufacture. This means that the safety, efficacy and benefits of drugs being traded are not guaranteed. Then the perpetrators of distributing drugs without a distribution permit will be punished and subject to criminal penalties. In this case Law no. 17 of 2023 concerning Health regulates criminal provisions for perpetrators of distributing drugs without a distribution permit with a prison sentence of 12 years and a fine of five billion rupiah, but the criminal sanctions imposed by the judge in decision case number 111/pid.B/2013/PN/ are reduced. Mtr does not provide a deterrent effect for perpetrators. The problems in this research are: first, what is the responsibility for perpetrators of criminal acts of distributing drugs without a distribution permit? Second, what are the judge's considerations in handing down a decision regarding the distribution of drugs without a distribution permit in case number 111/pid.B/2013/PN/Mtr?The results of this research are to show that the form of responsibility of the defendant is in accordance with the elements of responsibility, because the actions carried out by the defendant contained an element of intentional error and the judge sentenced the defendant to 10 months' imprisonment, which according to the author was not appropriate because the sentence This will not have a deterrent effect on the perpetrator.

This study examines the impact of government policies on social trauma healing and post-conflict social integration in Ambon, focusing on interfaith community relations and policies implemented following the Malino II Agreement. The objective of this research is to explore the effectiveness of reconciliation policies in reducing sectarian tensions and supporting the recovery of social trauma. The study employs a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, utilizing a literature review of relevant sources, including books and articles on related policies. The findings indicate that reconciliation policies involving interfaith dialogue and engagement with local leaders have been effective in mitigating sectarian tensions and fostering social trauma recovery. However, while these policies have shown short-term effectiveness, challenges persist in ensuring their sustainability and implementation, particularly regarding social inclusivity. Additionally, the role of local religious leaders and religious institutions is crucial in creating spaces for dialogue and strengthening social cohesion, while religious education and local cultural practices also contribute to social integration. This study suggests that community-based approaches and inclusive policies that engage various societal elements are essential for achieving sustainable social peace.

Linguistics plays a crucial role in studying and understanding the structure of language, including in the context of Arabic. The Arabic language, with its complex system of morphology, syntax, and phonology, requires an in-depth linguistic approach to analyze its grammatical structure. This study aims to explore how linguistic theories, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, contribute to understanding the basic structure of Arabic. Through linguistic approaches, a clearer and more structured understanding of sentence structure, word patterns, and the relationships between language elements can be achieved. This paper also discusses the challenges faced in applying linguistic theories to Arabic, as well as the importance of a linguistic approach in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The findings of this study are expected to provide broader insights into the role of linguistics in learning and teaching Arabic more effectively and systematically. 

The criminal act committed by the perpetrator of premeditated murder is a very heinous act, because the perpetrator has the heart to kill for certain reasons even though he committed an act that is against the law. Criminal liability for the perpetrators of murder, especially premeditated murder, must be enforced. The problem in this study is how to regulate premeditated murder in Indonesia, the factors that cause the crime of premeditated murder and criminal liability for the perpetrators in the crime of premeditated murder. This study uses a normative juridical research method that collects literature data, namely laws and regulations, law books, judges' decisions, mass media and scientific journals related to the problems discussed in this thesis. The results of the research and discussion in this study are regarding the regulation of premeditated murder in Indonesia, which is listed in article 340 of the Criminal Code, the factors that cause premeditated murder are the revenge factor, personal factor, (mental disorder) situational factor, opportunity factor, willingness factor and criminal liability for the perpetrator in the crime of premeditated murder by looking at the elements of the act of resisting or violating law, the willingness of the defendant to be responsible, the element of guilt, the absence of justifying reasons and the reason for forgiveness are punished with the threat of the death penalty or life imprisonment or a maximum penalty of twenty years.

This research  aims to analyze the application of the McKinsey 7S framework in achieving sustainable performance management at Fresh Bright Pool, Tanjungpinang, amid the increasingly competitive local entertainment industry. The study explores the seven core elements of McKinsey 7S—strategy, structure, systems, shared values, skills, leadership style, and staff—to understand the dynamics of performance management and innovation in the service sector. A qualitative approach was employed, collecting data through in-depth interviews with two staff members and several visitors, supported by document analysis to ensure data validity. The results show that the elements of strategy and shared values are the primary strengths of Fresh Bright Pool in creating superior customer experiences, such as through the improvement of billiard facilities, optimization of bar services, and implementation of a more structured reservation system. The shared value of "comfort and togetherness" has successfully built a friendly and inclusive work culture. Collaborative leadership styles enhance staff engagement in operational processes, while the skills and staff elements still face challenges, including limited technical training and capacity development in customer service. This study provides valuable insights for Fresh Bright Pool to continue strengthening these elements to improve efficiency, maintain competitive advantage, and achieve operational sustainability in the local entertainment industry.

This research aims to improve the ability of students at Az-Zahrah Islamic High School Palembang in recognizing the intrinsic elements of the short film entitled "Sekawan Limo" using YouTube as a medium. By taking advantage of advances in information technology, it is hoped that students can take advantage of digital platforms as an efficient learning tool. This training activity involves the introduction of intrinsic elements such as themes, characters, plots, settings, perspectives, and messages. The methodology used during the training includes initial tests, teaching material, watching movies, discussions, and assessments. The findings of this study show that there is an increase in students' understanding of the intrinsic elements of film after participating in training. The use of YouTube as a learning tool was declared effective in improving students' analytical skills.

: This research aims to develop batik ornamental motifs inspired by the legend of Rawapening Lake, a folklore from Central Java. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this research identifies key elements of the legend that can be applied in batik motif design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with batik artisans and cultural experts as well as related literature studies. The results show that ornamental motifs developed from the elements of the legend of Lake Rawapening not only enrich the variety of batik motifs, but also have the potential to enhance local cultural appreciation and the creative economy in the area.

This research aims to identify the presence of metal elements in sandstone, laterite and clay minerals from Nafri Village, Abepura, Jayapura. The method used is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) at the Hydrology and Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, ITB Bandung. Three field samples (ST-1, ST-2, ST-3) showed significant metal content. ST-1: contains, Fe(28.7%), Mn(0.0761%), Ti(0.692%), Ni(0.0297%), Cr(0.0907%), Na(trace), Mg(1.95%), Al(21.5 %), Cu(0.0565%), Zn(0.0294%), Rh(0.554%) ;ST-2 contains Na(0.493%), Mg(1.07%), Al(4.55%), K(0.801%), Ca (62.6%), Ti(0.364%), Mn(0.148%), Fe(14.0%), Cu(0.0342%), Sr(0.218%), Ag(0.135%); and ST-3 contains Na(0.625%), Mg(1.38%), Al(3.87%), K(0.937%), Ca(64.5%), Ti(0.409%), Mn(1.38%), Fe(7.37%). %), Sr(0.305%). The results show potential metal resources, particularly nickel and iron, in the area for further exploration and mining. This research provides important basic information for the study of geology and resource management in Jayapura

The practice of labor exploitation is not new. Labor exploitation has been widespread since the colonial era. Some people use print media, social media, and even word-of-mouth to market. Although this is nothing new, labor exploitation is still happening and is growing more concerning. Due to the fact that it involves both domestic and international offenders, this is the case. between nations. The methods used in human trafficking crimes have become more complex as communication, information technology, and transformation have advanced. The criminals are looking for victims from the lower social classes. It is not unusual for offenders to help victims by giving them debt or company cash. Some even go so far as to give scholarships to those who want to pursue further education overseas. According to the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), which has verified this, human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, does not discriminate. Because human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, disregards age and gender. age and gender. Labor exploitation affects both men and women, as well as children and adults. Law No. 21/2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Humans, Law No. 18/2017 on the Protection of Workers, and Law no. 18/2017 on the Protection of Migrant Workers all prohibits the trafficking of humans for the purpose of labor exploitation. Workers who are migrants. This paper addresses several topics, including the criminal law's prohibitions against trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation, the need for immediate enforcement of these prohibitions, and the elements that contribute to trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation. labor exploitation, as well as elements that contribute to human trafficking for the prevalence of labor exploitation is increasing. Labor exploitation is becoming more and more common. The descriptive analytical method was employed in the study. method of analytical descriptive research. It is anticipated that this research will offer a complete, methodical, and exhaustive analysis.

This study investigates the role of scaffolding assessment in fostering self-directed learning (SDL) within project-based learning (PBL) environments in higher education. Scaffolding assessment, characterized by gradual guidance, helps students transition from structured support to greater autonomy while enhancing critical thinking, goal-setting, and self-regulation. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study examines students' perceptions and experiences of scaffolding interventions in a research-based course. Quantitative findings reveal positive impacts on autonomy, critical thinking, and goal-setting, while qualitative insights highlight the importance of tailored scaffolding tools, motivational elements, and digital adaptability.Although scaffolding significantly enhances SDL by promoting independence and cognitive engagement, challenges remain in optimizing digital tools and addressing individual learning needs. Personalized scaffolding strategies and motivational scaffolds are essential for sustaining long-term engagement and effectively supporting diverse learners in complex, research-intensive environments. This study underscores the importance of adaptive scaffolding designs that balance structure and flexibility, offering practical implications for educators seeking to implement scaffolding assessments to enhance student autonomy and learning outcomes in higher education.

This study employs Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity to analyze Megan Trainor’s song "Dear Future Husband," exploring the negotiation of femininity and masculinity within contemporary pop culture. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis method, the research examines lyrical content, musical elements, and visual representations associated with the song to uncover underlying gender norms and performances. The results reveal that "Dear Future Husband" both reinforces and subverts traditional gender roles; while it portrays conventional expectations of femininity and masculinity, it simultaneously introduces nuanced demands for mutual respect and partnership. The discussion highlights the complexity of gender performances in mainstream media, suggesting that Trainor’s work reflects a transitional phase in societal understandings of gender dynamics. By applying Butler’s framework, the study illustrates how pop songs can serve as sites for both perpetuating and challenging normative gender constructs, offering insights into the evolving landscape of gender identity and expression.

Graphic design has become a key element in shaping consumer perception and influencing engagement metrics in digital marketing. This study aims to explore the role of graphic design in the success of digital marketing campaigns through an experimental approach. The study compared the performance of visually optimized content with non-optimized content on various digital platforms, including social media, websites, and email marketing. The results of the experiment showed that content with optimized graphic design resulted in significant increases in consumer engagement, brand recall, and conversion rates. The increase in consumer engagement reached an average of 35%, while brand recall increased by up to 20% compared to non-optimized content. This study highlights the importance of integrating design aesthetics into digital marketing strategies to achieve higher effectiveness. The findings provide practical insights for marketing professionals in designing more visually appealing campaigns, while opening up opportunities for further research on the specific elements of graphic design that have the greatest impact on consumer behavior. Thus, this study strengthens the strategic role of graphic design in the era of digital-based marketing.

Product placement is a promotional strategy which can be identified as a purposeful incorporation of product into an influential manner with a use of any other media. However, most of the countries have prohibited advertising soft liquor products via traditional media because of health issues caused by soft liquor products. Thus, the soft liquor manufacturers tended to invest in product placement. This paper reports the findings of how product placement influence on consumer purchases intention of soft liquor products. The study has focused on investigating the possible reasons for consumers to influence on product placement strategies and the product elements that they exposed to and used to, even in the presence of a wider range. Suggestions for further research are presented in the form of propositions.

The Qur'an is the word of Allah SWT that discusses various types of knowledge, including science, hence the scientific values within the Qur'an exist, one of which is in Surah Al-Fatihah, verse 02. One interpretation of the Qur'an that discusses science is the work of Tantawi Jawhari, who has a different perspective in interpreting the Qur'an compared to most other scholars, making it a distinctive feature of scientific interpretation that is considered interesting. This interpretation utilizes images to provide understanding or viewpoints in offering explanations. This research employs a qualitative library research method, with the primary source being 'al-Jawahir fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim,' a work by Tantawi Jawhari. The results of this research indicate that Surah Al-Fatihah holds scientific perspectives in its entirety, one of which is illustrated in verse 02, explaining that there are many realms, including the upper and lower realms. The upper realm is filled with creatures such as aliens and other beings of Allah, while the lower realm consists of elements like the earth, oceans, and mountains, among which there are humans.

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are profitable businesses that are owned by people or corporate entities that operate to satisfy personal needs and ensure their existence. Calculating and analyzing manufacturing expenses in order to establish the selling price of fried chicken goods is the goal of this study. The full cost method is used to achieve this. Using a quantitative approach, this research investigates the elements that influence selling prices. This research uses direct observation of objects and interviews with owners to obtain precise data. According to our observations and interviews with Mr. Stefanus (36), owner of the Ayam Gebuk Sambalado MSME, the business still uses conventional methods to calculate the manufacturing cost. This research uses the full costing method to make information on the cost of production more accurate. This is predicated on a comparison of the whole costing technique and the business method for determine cost of items created, which demonstrates that the final cost of goods manufactured differs significantly. This happens because business owners don't know how to calculate the correct cost of production, so they don't include costs correctly in the price calculation.