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The Sutami Hydroelectric Power Plant managed by PLN Nusantara Power UP Brantas is one of the power plants that relies on air resources to generate electricity. However, the optimization of electricity production can still be improved by considering the availability of primary energy and the interests of related stakeholders. This study aims to create a simulation of operating patterns to optimize the daily electricity production of the Sutami Hydroelectric Power Plant using the MS Excel Solver program. The total electrical energy in March based on the results of the simulation calculation was 56,537,445.55 MWh, 3.09% greater than the actual data of 54,792,800 MWh. The results of the simulation calculation of electricity production in June 2024 were 27,564,315.75 MWh, 3.82% greater than the actual data of 26,511,800 MWh. In FDC 2014-2023, the average mainstay discharge is 32 m3/s available throughout the year to be utilized by water turbines to produce a minimum power of 20 MW. Meanwhile, from the estimated historical data obtained by FDC 2024-2033 with an average mainstay discharge of 40.68 m3/s to produce a minimum power of 30 MW.

Marriage is a relationship between two parties, namely the man and the woman. There are two types of marriage in Indonesia, namely legal marriage and unregistered marriage. This marriage that is not registered in the KUA is a hot issue in civil law, especially in the context of civil inheritance, where in the case of decision number 282 / PDT / 2016.PT. SMG, where there is a transfer of inheritance rights by the husband to the unregistered wife, then the legal wife sues the unregistered wife because it is considered not to have legal power or standing with decision number 282 / PDT / 2016.PT. SMG the legal wife wins in the lawsuit, thus the unregistered wife does not get an inheritance, therefore a study was made that can be studied using the normative method, a study that emphasizes the source of the writing comes from laws and literature reviews. This study aims to find out and examine the position of unregistered wives and legal wives in civil inheritance law and the legal status of unregistered wives in controlling inheritance in civil inheritance law.

PKK organization, comprised of women (wives as husbands' companions), plays a strategic role in household management, including influencing the behavior of their husbands. The objective of this writing is to analyze the role of PKK members in preventing the abuse of power by husbands. A qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytic method is capable of integrating the theory of the welfare state and the concept of abuse of power in public services. The method used in this community service is a participatory method through Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The research results show that PKK has a strategic position in preventing abuse of power through four main functions: monitoring government programs at the grassroots level, empowering the community through education and socialization, mediating between the community and government, and strengthening good governance. The effectiveness of the PKK role is supported by an organizational structure that extends to the RT/RW level and a strong social network in the community. This research recommends the importance of strengthening the capacity of PKK cadres, developing an integrated reporting system, and increasing coordination with formal supervisory bodies. PKK not only plays a role in improving family welfare but also becomes a strategic partner for the government in preventing abuse of power, supporting the realization of clean governance and quality public services

When it comes to crime, evidence is an issue that plays an important role in the legal process. This evidence determines the fate of the accused. In the event that the results of the examination of evidence based on the evidence provided by law are not sufficient to prove the guilt of the accused, if the guilt of the accused can be proven based on evidence, the accused is acquitted. According to Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, a defendant must be punished first before being sentenced. Expert testimony is valid evidence, and Visum et Repertum can also be used as evidence to replace a manuscript in the form of a letter because Visum et Repertum is one aspect of the role of experts and/or expert testimony, so the relationship between the two cannot be separated. This study aims to determine the role of forensic legal experts in proving the cause of death and the position of evidence to reveal the cause of death of the victim. The method used in this study is normative legal research, using a statute approach and a case approach. The results of this study indicate that the role of forensic legal experts and the regulation of criminal law based on the evidentiary power of the visum et repertum in proving the cause of the victim's death.

Adolescence is the age of growth for physical, social, and thinking power for the level of knowledge. They go through a period called puberty, which is when individuals reach sexual maturity. This age is filled with high curiosity and the desire to try something new. Freedom and ease in accessing various content both on social media and the internet can have both positive and negative impacts. Ease of access, one of which is pornographic content, can be easily accepted and viewed by the public, especially teenagers. Pornography addiction in teenagers has the impact of destroying their future.  The main target is cognitive abilities which will then influence the process of thinking, remembering and recalling recorded data stored in the brain. So, this community service activity aims to provide knowledge to 26 students of SMK Negeri 16 Central Jakarta class XIIA about the dangers of pornographic video addiction in teenagers. This activity method uses lecture and question and answer methods. The author conveys the meaning of pornography, types of pornography, influencing factors, the dangers of pornography addiction and the role of nurses in preventing addiction to pornographic videos in adolescents. Students played an active role in the activity process and there was an increase in posttest scores as much as 78% of students answered well. The author hopes that students can apply it in everyday life so as to avoid addiction to pornographic videos.

Inflation has an impact on income inequality and purchasing power in Indonesia. In recent years, Indonesians have increasingly felt significant economic pressure due to the continuous increase in the prices of goods and services.  This research aims to explore the underlying causes of inflation, control efforts, and its impact on people's purchasing power to comprehensively understand Indonesia's inflation dynamics. The method used in this research is a library research approach. Inflation not only affects the value of the currency, but also changes people's spending patterns and purchasing priorities. To overcome this problem, the government implements policies that support the improvement of people's purchasing power and income distribution. This research provides important insights into the interaction between inflation and people's economic conditions, as well as steps that can be taken to create a more stable economic environment.

Abstract. Semiotic analysis of advertising aims to uncover the hidden meanings behind visual and textual elements presented in promotional content. This study explores the semiotic features in smartphone advertising, focusing on Oppo as a case study. This study uses a comparative framework to analyze the similarities and differences between Oppo advertising and competing brands. The analysis is conducted through Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic model, consisting of representamen, object, and interpretant, as well as Roland Barthes' concepts of denotation and connotation. This study identifies symbolic, iconic, and indexical signs used in Oppo advertising to build brand identity and attract target audiences. Key findings reveal how visual elements, color schemes, and slogans emphasize innovation, premium quality, and emotional connection. Comparative insights highlight Oppo's differentiation strategies, such as integrating cultural nuances and leveraging aspirational imagery, to strengthen its market position. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of how semiotic strategies influence consumer perception and purchasing behavior, as well as provide practical implications for marketers and advertisers. This study bridges the gap between semiotic theory and its application in modern advertising, providing a comprehensive perspective on the power of signs in shaping brand narratives.

According to data obtained from the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM), the total number of illegal cosmetics and/or containing prohibited/dangerous ingredients during the period from October 2021 to August 2022 was more than 1 million pieces with an economic value of IDR 34.4 billion. BPOM also followed up on findings based on reports from several drug and food supervisory authorities in other countries. Based on the report, as many as 46 (forty-six) cosmetics were withdrawn from circulation because they contained prohibited ingredients, microbial contamination, or were counterfeit cosmetics. During the same period, BPOM also carried out cyber patrols. This cyber patrol was carried out on website, social media, and e-commerce platforms to trace and prevent the circulation of illegal cosmetics and BPOM found and blocked (takedown) 83,700 links to the sale of illegal cosmetic products and containing prohibited/dangerous ingredients with a total product amount of 6.5 million pieces and an economic value of Rp 296.9 billion. This proves that there are still many illegal cosmetic products that contain harmful ingredients and do not have a distribution permit.  This research is a normative legal research supported by a statutory approach (statute approcach) which uses secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials that collect laws and regulations related to the legal issues at hand, case studies, collecting books, journals, dictionaries and other related literature. The legal materials that have been successfully collected are analyzed, namely description, interpretation, evaluation and systematic. The results of this study show that (1) Based on the form of consumer protection from the criminal aspect, there are five forms of consumer protection, namely: Protection against Unsafe Products; Fraud and Fraud Violation of Clear and Correct Information; Violations of Consumer Rights; Abuse of Power or Dominant Position, as well as unfair business practices. Criminal sanctions aim to provide a deterrent effect to business actors who harm consumers. (2) Based on the perspective of criminal law, the actions of DM business actors who have circulated illegal cosmetics without a distribution permit in decision number 572/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Smr, violate the provisions of Article 197 of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, which has affirmed that every person who deliberately produces and/or distributes pharmaceutical preparations and/or medical devices without having a distribution permit as mentioned in Article 106 paragraph (1) is criminally punished imprisonment for a maximum of (fifteen) years and a maximum fine of Rp.1,500,000,000,- (one billion five hundred million rupiah).

Electricity theft is an activity that is detrimental to the state where PLN as the party that distributes electricity has unknowingly lost its main commodity without any reciprocity in the form of payment. To overcome electricity theft, Execution of Electricity Use (P2TL) is carried out. Implementation of Electric Power Use (P2TL) is an activity to control electricity users who do not comply with installation standards. P2TL activities include planning, inspection, technical and/or legal actions and settlements carried out by PLN on PLN installations and/or Electric Power User installations. P2TL activities carried out in the Koba area from October to December 2023 found 3 violations in the area. The kWh saved as a result of P2TL from October to December was 21,480 kWh. From the kWh savings obtained, the highest loss was in October of 0.47% and the loss obtained without P2TL kWh savings was 0.48%. So that the kWh savings obtained from P2TL can reduce Non-Technical Losses. The more P2TL violations are found, the higher the reduction in losses obtained by PT PLN (Persero) ULP Koba. 

In the process of forming a law or legislation, the DPD does not have the power to decide or play a role in the decision-making process at all. Even though there are support requirements to become a member of the DPR. This means that the quality of the legitimacy of DPD members is not at all balanced by the quality of their authority as representatives of the regional people. The aim of this research is to analyze the function and authority of the Regional Representative Council in the Structural Institution of the Republic of Indonesia State Legislative Institution and how to optimize the function and legislative authority of the Regional Representative Council. The type of research we use is normative legal research, namely research carried out by examining the body of literature or secondary data. Strengthening the authority of the DPD by consistently incorporating the Constitutional Court's decisions into statutory regulations and other regulations under it. This is being done pending the issuance of the fifth amendment to the 1945 Constitution. The current revision of the MD3 Law has not yet adopted the authority of the DPD in accordance with the Constitutional Court's decision. The need for the fifth amendment is to reorganize the function of legislation firmly and clearly in the 1945 Constitution, because by reorganizing the function of legislation it will touch all institutions, including the DPR, DPD, President and other institutions.

Land as the wealth of the Indonesian nation must be utilized for the greatest prosperity of the people. To achieve this utilization, land consolidation needs to be carried out as an effort to increase the utility and results of land use and to align individual interests with the social function of land in the context of implementing development. Land is the basic capital for development and supports the running of the economy, there is almost no development activity that does not require land. Land plays a very important role, even determining the success or failure of a development. The nature of this research is descriptive, the results of this research are expected to obtain a factual picture or description of the land consolidation policy towards the re-arrangement of land ownership and use in Tanjung Sena Village, Sibiru-Biru District, Deli Serdang Regency, where the objects of land consolidation are land, residential buildings, dry land such as oil palms and fields, and village roads. Land consolidation as one of the efforts to increase the utility and results of land use. Land utilization needs to be implemented in the form of land regulation, control, and management. The use and utilization of land is carried out by re-arranging, partnership efforts, transfer and release of land rights in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. In the framework of land use management, guidance and control are carried out. Guidance is carried out through the provision of guidelines, guidance, training, and direction, while control is carried out through supervision such as supervision, reporting and regulation. The implementation of the regional spatial planning design is not always effective in the field, some people still assume that land rights are absolute rights, meaning rights that cannot be violated against land even though land rights contain social functions, land can be used by anyone as long as legal procedures have been taken, especially if the prospective land user is the state and is used for public interest.are fun for children such as singing, storytelling, role playing and involving parents in learning at home.

The rapid advancement of technology has made artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative chatbots, an integral part of everyday life. These chatbots, powered by Natural Language Processing (NLP) and deep learning technologies, are widely used in various fields such as customer service, education, and entertainment. However, the increasing prevalence of such technologies brings forth important philosophical concerns, particularly in the realm of axiology—the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of values, including the practical and ethical implications of knowledge and technology. This study investigates the practical benefits and ethical responsibilities associated with generative chatbots, using ChatGPT as a case study. The research examines whether ChatGPT adheres to the axiological principles of science, specifically its usefulness in enhancing human life and its ethical responsibilities. Through a qualitative content analysis, this research evaluates the responses of ChatGPT to a series of questions based on the axiological framework outlined by Sumantri. The study focuses on two main aspects of science's axiological evaluation: the practical benefits of science and technology, and the ethical responsibilities tied to their application. The findings indicate that ChatGPT is capable of providing useful insights that contribute to human understanding, improve quality of life, simplify complex tasks, and offer solutions to various problems. However, the ethical considerations of AI technology, such as fairness, transparency, and accountability, remain a crucial area of concern. This research highlights the importance of balancing technological progress with ethical responsibility, emphasizing that AI systems like ChatGPT must be developed and applied in ways that align with human values to ensure their positive impact on society.

Law that is just and in line with social values adopted by society. This role is increasingly relevant in facing modern challenges, where understanding and application of the teachings of the Qur'an have an important role in the formation of legal norms in Muslim society. As a holy book, the Qur'an provides moral and ethical guidelines that form the basis for the Islamic legal system. Through its various verses, the Qur'an establishes the principles of justice, goodness, and social responsibility that influence individual behavior and interactions between members of society. The purpose of this study is to explore the values of Islamic law related to the role of the Qur'an in the formation of legal norms. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, by making books, magazines, articles and journals related to the research theme to collect data, then codify it, and then describe it in this article. The results of this study indicate that the application of Islamic law is largely determined by the Qur'an and Sunnah. Laws taken from sources other than the Qur'an and Sunnah will not last long, because the law is made by humans. So that potentially whoever is in power is the one who determines the law. In addition, the Qur'an also provides concrete rules regarding aspects of life, such as marriage, inheritance, and crime, which are then interpreted and applied in the context of sharia law. Thus, the Qur'an not only functions as a spiritual source, but also as a basis for the formation of norms that need to be adjusted to social dynamics and developing legal needs.

Collecting taxes is the main sources for countries to generate revenues to finance goverment expenditure and investments in human capital, infrastructure, and the provision of services for the society. Value added taxes (VAT) as one of collecting taxes process  to generate the government’s revenue. The  aim of this study is  to  find  out  the implementation of VAT collection at PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya as State-Owned Enterprises is a mandatory VAT collector according to Minister of Finance Decree Number.30/KMK.03/2021 with last amended by Minister of Finance Decree Number.240/KMK.03/2022  and also to find out the obstacles during the implementation of VAT collection at PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya. The method used in this study is a descriptive method. Data collection methods by using interview methods, literature study methods, and documentation methods. The results of this study finds that the PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya has carried out the collection and deposit of VAT procedure. However, there were obstacles when preparing and uploading tax invoices in which the failures or rejections occurred due to internet network disruptions

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan aplikasi Lumio By Smart untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan keefektifan siswa dalam mempelajari materi “Adab Seorang Muslim Terhadap Orang Tua dan Guru” pada mata pelajaran Akidah Akhlak untuk siswa kelas VIII. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan 4-D yang meliputi tahap pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (develop), dan penyebaran (disseminate). Tahap pendefinisian (define) mengidentifikasi kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi untuk proses pembelajaran yang lebih inovatif dan menarik. Tahap design menghasilkan storyboard dan template untuk presentasi dan game edukasi. Tahap develop menghasilkan prototipe media pembelajaran berdasarkan rancangan. Validasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi media. Media presentasi terdiri dari  PowerPoint yang berisi materi dan game edukasi yang menarik. Media permainan edukatif dirancang sebagai bahan refleksi siswa. Hasil validasi ahli menunjukkan kelayakan sebesar 70% untuk aspek media dan 79% untuk aspek materi, keduanya masuk dalam kategori “layak”. Media pembelajaran diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan keefektifan siswa dalam mempelajari materi melalui presentasi interaktif dan permainan yang mudah diakses. Media pembelajaran interaktif yang dikembangkan menggunakan aplikasi Lumio By Smart ini layak untuk disebarluaskan dan dapat menjadi alternatif bagi guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis teknologi.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the portrayal of greed and power in the film Planet of the Apes and focus on how these themes affect the relationship between humans and apes. This study will focus on understanding the role of greed and power in social and interspecies dynamics and explore how these destructive forces shape character behavior as well as the broader conflict in the story. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis to explore the themes of "greed" and "power" in Planet of the Apes. The study employs descriptive research to explore how these themes are intertwined in the plot, particularly the dynamics between humans and apes. The study emphasizes the destructive effects of greed, which leads to conflict, exploitation, and oppression and affects both species. Proximus symbolizes the greed of apes, who misuse Caesar's teachings to fuel their violent ambitions, while Mai symbolizes the greed of humans, who crave manipulation and control. The results of this study show how humans struggle to coexist with the greedy apes, thus reinforcing the narrative of inevitable conflict and power struggle.

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) The difference in the effect of plyometric training methods between double leg bound training and double leg vertical power jump training on 100-meter running ability, (2) The difference in the effect between high balance and low balance on 100-meter running ability, (3) Interaction between plyometric and balance training methods on 100-meter running ability. The instruments used to collect data were: (1) Balance test (Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance), (2) 100-meter running ability test with time test, (3) Training program as a guideline that will be used in providing treatment . The data analysis technique used was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the hypothesis testing proved that: (1) There is no difference in the influence between double leg bound training and double leg vertical power jump training on 100-meter running ability. By looking at the similarity of the movements that both jump use both legs, it seems that these two exercises are variations in training, as a result the two plyometric training methods are not significantly different. (2) There is a difference in the influence between high balance and low balance on 100-meter running ability. The results of the data analysis showed that high balance has a significant difference in influence with low balance. (3) There is no interaction of influence between plyometric and balance training methods on 100-meter running ability. Related to the interaction hypothesis, it turns out that the results of the hypothesis testing have proven that there is no interaction between plyometric and balance training methods on 100-meter running ability where the calculated F value = 0.006 < than the F table value = 2.82 at a significance level of α = 0.05. Conclusion of the study: 1) There is no significant difference in influence between double leg bound training and double leg vertical power jump training on 100-meter running ability. 2) There is a significant difference in the influence of high balance and low balance on 100-meter running ability. 3) There is no interaction between plyometric training methods and balance on 100-meter running ability.

Leadership in the context of education plays a crucial role in determining the direction and quality of decision-making in the school environment. This study aims to describe the concepts of educational leadership and authority, and analyse the dynamics of power in school decision-making. Using a literature review approach, this research identifies various factors that influence decision-making by school leaders, such as sources of authority and power dynamics. The results show that effective leadership in education depends not only on formal authority, but also on the ability to manage power wisely. The implications of this study provide recommendations for school leaders in improving the quality of leadership and decision-making and offer important insights for the development of better education policies in the future.

Turunan parsial is one of the fundamental concepts in multivariate calculus that has many applications, such as optimization, data analysis, and mathematical modeling. Understanding theory is often difficult, especially when there is no visual aid. This article discusses the use of MATLAB as a powerful tool for parsial analysis and visualization. Through the use of 3D charting and symbolic computing features, MATLAB facilitates multivariate function analysis. Research on the function f(x,y)=x^2+y^2+xy shows how parsial turunan is observed and visualized in an interactive manner. This article's goal is to encourage the use of MATLAB in long-term math education and research.

Indonesia is a legal state whose government system is based on applicable regulations. These regulations are carried out by several powers, namely the Executive, Legislative and Judicial powers. The purpose of this division of power is to avoid injustice due to arbitrary power. The judiciary or judicial institution is an institution whose role is to uphold justice, of course this judicial institution is very important because it is one of the basic pillars of the government system in the Republic of Indonesia. In fact, it is clearly regulated in Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution which In essence, the judiciary is an institution that has independent power to administer justice to uphold justice. In this article the authors will discuss the urgency of the Judicial Institution in the government system in Indonesia and the role and operation of the judiciary in the government system. The discussion uses the Normative Juridical method, namely by studying and paying attention to Values, existing regulations.