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This paper focuses on the legal thought of Imam Malik bin Anas through a social historical approach. This study represents a relatively new area in Islamic legal scholarship, and therefore, it has garnered limited attention from academics. Imam Malik is one of the four imams of the Sunni schools of thought, known as ahlu hadits. Throughout his life, he never left the city of Madinah except for the pilgrimage to Mecca. His residence in Madinah, the place where the Prophet lived, greatly supported his ability to address various legal issues, most of which could be resolved through hadith. The environment of Madinah, characterized by relatively simple social problems, also influenced Imam Malik's approach. Although he is recognized as ahlu hadits, he was nonetheless affected by the use of reason in ijtihad due to the social conditions of his time. This is evidenced by his application of principles such as the practices of the people of Madinah (Amal ahli Madinah), the fatwas of the companions (sahabat), qiyas (analogical reasoning), al-maslahah mursalah (public interest), az-zari'ah (preventive measures), and al-'urf (custom) in deriving Islamic law. Like other schools of thought, Imam Malik regarded the Qur'an and hadith as primary sources in legal decision-making.

This study explores the thoughts of Zaid bin Ali on credit transactions within the framework of economic justice in Islam. The research addresses key issues related to fairness, transparency, and ethical considerations in credit transactions, particularly in avoiding exploitation and ensuring mutual benefit. The study aims to analyze Zaid bin Ali’s perspectives on economic justice and their relevance to contemporary Islamic finance. Using a qualitative approach, this research employs library research methods by examining classical Islamic texts and scholarly interpretations. The findings reveal that Zaid bin Ali emphasized fairness in credit transactions by advocating for clear contractual terms, the prohibition of usury (riba), and the importance of ethical responsibility among transacting parties. His views align with the broader Islamic economic principles that seek to promote justice, balance, and social welfare. The study contributes to the discourse on Islamic economic thought by highlighting the relevance of classical Islamic perspectives in addressing modern financial issues. These findings can serve as a foundation for developing fairer and more ethical financial practices in contemporary Islamic banking and finance.

Disparity in wealth distribution is a fundamental problem in the modern economy that causes social injustice and economic inequality. Islam offers a solution through the concept of equitable wealth distribution through the instruments of zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf. This study aims to analyze Abu Ubaid's thoughts on wealth distribution in Islam and explore its relevance as a solution to economic inequality in the contemporary era. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to Abu Ubaid's work, Kitab Al-Amwal, as well as related literature on Islamic economics and wealth distribution. The results show that Abu Ubaid emphasizes the importance of the state's role in managing public wealth through Baitul Mal to ensure fair and equitable distribution. In addition, he rejects the exploitative accumulation of wealth and asserts that fiscal policy must be flexible for the benefit of the people. Theoretically, this research enriches Islamic economic studies by integrating Abu Ubaid's principles as a guide to fair and sustainable policies. Practically, the results of this study can be a reference for policy makers in designing a social justice-based wealth distribution system that is relevant today. By understanding the concept of wealth distribution according to Abu Ubaid, this research is expected to contribute to the development of a more inclusive and equitable Islamic economy.

This study aims to analyze employee performance at the Batuceper District Office, Tangerang City, using a qualitative descriptive approach. Performance analysis refers to six indicators according to Robbins: work quantity, work quality, timeliness, effectiveness, independence, and work commitment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with sub-district officials and the community as service recipients, direct observation of work processes, and documentation of ongoing service activities. The results indicate that employee performance is generally in the fairly good category, particularly in terms of work quantity and timeliness. Employees are able to complete their workload according to targets and most services are provided on time. However, in terms of effectiveness, obstacles were found in optimal resource utilization. Some employees still show a dependence on superiors' directions in decision-making, so work independence has not been fully realized. Work quality is considered quite adequate, although there are still complaints from some members of the public regarding the consistency and detail of services. Employee work commitment is generally maintained, reflected in high attendance rates and a willingness to work outside operating hours when needed. However, improvements in the provision of supporting facilities, including the use of information technology, are considered important to support more effective performance. This study recommends ongoing training focused on improving technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and independent decision-making. Furthermore, improvements to service infrastructure, such as modern work equipment and digital administration systems, are needed to expedite public service delivery. Implementing these recommendations is expected to create more professional, responsive staff performance that aligns with the principles of excellent service, while simultaneously increasing public trust in government performance at the sub-district level.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital era has raised a variety of ethical issues that urgently need to be addressed wisely. In Indonesia, Pancasila as the foundation of the state has significant potential to become an ethical foundation in the development of responsible and humanity-oriented AI. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, examining various academic sources, such as relevant journals, books, and scientific articles. The analysis was conducted through content analysis techniques and reinforced with source triangulation to ensure the validity of the data. The results showed that the values of each precept in Pancasila are highly relevant to the ethical principles of AI, such as moral and spiritual responsibility reflected in the first precept, respect for human rights in the second precept, and the importance of democratization of technology and equitable distribution of benefits stated in the fourth and fifth precepts. Therefore, the integration of Pancasila values in every stage of AI development and application is crucial. This is so that the resulting technology is not only technically superior, but also reflects justice, inclusiveness, and commitment to human values. Collaboration between government, academia, industry, and society is the key to making Indonesia a pioneer in ethical and humanist AI development.

This study aims to measure the financial performance of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Lamongan Regency in 2019–2023 based on the Value for Money concept which includes the principles of economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, collecting primary data through interviews and observations and secondary data from the Budget Realization Report (LRA) and other supporting documents. The results of the ratio analysis show that the management of regional spending during this period is classified as economical with an average ratio of 93.61%, and balanced efficient with an average efficiency ratio of 100.70%. However, the effectiveness of regional revenue is still fluctuating and mostly ineffective, mainly due to the low realization of revenue from taxes, levies, and grants. The implications of this study emphasize the need to increase the utilization of regional potential and revenue management so that financial targets can be achieved optimally, so that public services and regional development can run more effectively and sustainably.

Technology-driven Islamic propagation (da’wah) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in disseminating religious teachings in the digital age. The rapid advancement of social media platforms and artificial intelligence (AI) tools has significantly expanded the reach and influence of preachers, enabling more personalized and interactive engagement with diverse audiences. This study aims to explore innovative strategies in planning digital da’wah and to examine the challenges that arise, including the proliferation of misinformation, regulatory constraints, and the rise of underqualified digital preachers. Employing a qualitative approach through literature review and critical analysis of prior studies, this research highlights the potential of integrating data analytics, AI-based personalization, and digital media to enhance the effectiveness of Islamic messaging. However, it also underscores the pressing need for ethical frameworks and regulatory compliance to safeguard the integrity of religious content. The findings advocate for a structured, research-informed approach to digital da’wah that aligns with Islamic ethical principles while remaining adaptive to contemporary technological trends. Such an approach is essential to ensure that technological innovations serve as tools for meaningful religious engagement rather than sources of distortion or misinterpretation

The existence of various views on the Incarnation of Christ often causes confusion. Each view provides different arguments. Therefore, a biblical study is needed to provide answers based on biblical principles. The methodology applied is exegesis. Exegesis is a way to interpret the Bible by emphasizing different approaches in the analysis of the original languages of the Bible as the main foundation. In this way, a biblical truth is obtained that can answer the various views that exist. The term incarnation comes from the Latin incarnatio which is composed of in and carnis (in the flesh). This term comes from the Greek translation “σὰρξ sarx sarcosis. Literally, σὰρξ sarcosis means to become flesh. Flesh is literally the muscular part that covers the bones of the human body. Synecdically (a figure of speech that uses a part of something to represent the whole or vice versa, to create a rhetorical or creative effect), it means the physical body as a whole flesh, which is related to the scope of the human worldly situation or mortal nature, earthly descent, blood ties, ethnic groups, and races. In general, this term gives the impression of weakness, fragility, mortality, and participation in human nature. The term σὰρξ – sarx sarcosis is closely related to the opening of the Gospel of John which reveals the word that became flesh (John 1:14). The term flesh (Greek: σὰρξ sarx) in biblical terminology refers to humans with all their anthropological dimensions. In theological terminology, The incarnation is a historical fact that explains that the invisible God, who spoke His word to humans, now clearly appeared as a human being. Jesus Christ is the Word of God who became flesh (John 1:14)

Families with disabled members often face physical, emotional, social, and spiritual challenges. In this situation, the presence of Islamic religious instructors is essential to strengthen the mental and spiritual well-being of the family. This article aims to examine the strategic role of Islamic religious instructors in this context, an aspect that has not been widely studied before. Field research was conducted for two months, January–February 2025, at the Family Support Group in Wonosobo Regency, involving 27 respondents. The results of the study indicate that religious instructors have an important role in assisting families with disabilities. For this reason, a comprehensive and empathetic counseling strategy is needed, namely: an empathetic and conducive approach, a planned systematic approach, and a sustainable approach through networks. These three approaches are based on the principles of rahmatan lil 'alamin (compassion), wasathiyah (moderation), and participatory (involving the family as the subject). This article emphasizes the importance of the role of Islamic religious instructors, and recommends that the Ministry of Religion draft regulations that prioritize counseling services for families with disabilities.

This study examines the concept of hibah (gift) in Islamic law and its implementation in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in Indonesia. Through juridical-normative analysis, the research investigates how Islamic law principles regarding hibah have been transformed into national legislation through KHI and evaluates their implementation in religious court practices. The findings reveal that KHI has successfully harmonized Islamic jurisprudence with national legal requirements, particularly through articles 210-214, which regulate hibah procedures including limitations on gift amounts, beneficiary rights, and documentation requirements. However, challenges persist due to KHI's relatively weak position in the legal hierarchy as a Presidential Instruction rather than formal legislation, creating potential conflicts with other regulations. The study recommends strengthening KHI's legal status, updating its provisions to address contemporary issues, standardizing hibah procedures, and providing judges with appropriate discretionary space to ensure both legal certainty and substantive justice in hibah disputes.

Website security is a crucial aspect, especially for educational institutions that manage sensitive data. Udayana University has over 500 subdomains, but not all have undergone security evaluation, potentially posing significant risks. This study aims to identify security vulnerabilities, assess risk levels, and provide mitigation recommendations. The subdomain ee.unud.ac.id was selected as a sample because it uses a template similar to many other university websites. The method employed is Vulnerability Assessment using white box testing, with tools such as OWASP ZAP, Nessus, RapidScan, and the Snort Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The analysis is based on the OWASP Top 10 (2021) and the CIA Triad principles. The results revealed 25 types of threats across three risk levels and 24 alerts from Snort, indicating potential internal and external threats. Recommended mitigations include strengthening security configurations, implementing firewalls, and regularly updating systems. This study emphasizes the importance of routine security testing and the use of IDS to safeguard systems against cyberattacks.    

Suboptimal waste management in Kalijoso Village, Secang District, Magelang Regency, is a critical issue that impacts environmental sustainability and public health. The inefficiency of conventional waste disposal methods has led to increased waste accumulation, soil and water pollution, and the spread of diseases, which has significant consequences for local communities. To address these challenges, the local government and community organizations have embraced the principles of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) through a transformation of traditional waste disposal sites (TPS) into 3R TPS. The new approach focuses on sustainable waste management practices that reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. One of the key strategies implemented is educational outreach to raise awareness about the importance of waste segregation and recycling. Additionally, training programs have been conducted to teach the community how to process organic waste, particularly through the cultivation of maggots using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. This method not only helps reduce the volume of organic waste but also provides a practical solution for transforming waste into valuable resources. The maggots cultivated during the demonstration are used as animal feed, which creates a sustainable circular economy within the community. Furthermore, composting organic waste results in high-quality compost that supports local agricultural activities. This has added economic value by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers, while simultaneously improving soil health. The role of the Salakan Hamlet Youth Organization has been instrumental in this initiative. They have successfully managed a waste bank, providing an organized and systematic approach to waste collection and recycling. This initiative has fostered a sense of community responsibility and has not only improved waste management practices but also contributed to the overall economic development of the village.

Students at the High School level often face various emotional and psychological challenges, such as academic stress, social pressure, and personal crises, which can negatively affect their mental well-being. To overcome this issue, community service aims to implement Psychological First Aid (PFA) training which provides students with understanding and skills in providing psychological support to colleagues. The focus of this service is to increase awareness of the importance of mental health support in the school environment. The method used involves pretest questionnaires, theory sessions, role plays, group discussions to help students master the basic principles of PFA through real situation simulations and ends with a post test. The results of PKM activities are (1) most participants gained an increased understanding of Psychological First Aid (PFA); (2) Most participants easily practiced Psychological First Aid (PFA) with their friends during role play sessions. The conclusions from this service are (1) increasing the knowledge and skills of female students at SMA Negeri 3 Sentani in applying Psychological First Aid (PFA) to their peers; (2) Collaboration between FIK UNCEN and SMA Negeri 3 Sentani; (3) carrying out community service activities as a lecturer's academic obligation.

The purpose of this community service program is to improve the technical skills of residents of Roworejo Village, Grabag, Purworejo, in the field of motorbike washing and car detailing. Improving technical skills to wash motorbikes and detail vehicles according to professional standards and the application of technology that supports business sustainability through a water recycling system is the main focus of the activity. This activity is carried out by providing theoretical training on basic vehicle detailing techniques, as well as direct practice such as washing, body care, polishing, and the use of detailing tools. Participants are also educated on how to use and maintain a water recycling system when running a business. The results of the activity showed that 78% of participants succeeded in applying the principles of environmentally friendly technology in business practices. In addition, 85% of participants were able to master the basic techniques of washing motorbikes and detailing vehicles according to training standards. It is hoped that this activity will help sustainable village economic development and open up new skills-based business opportunities.

This journal discusses the role of Islamic education management in educational institutions and how to develop them. This research uses qualitative methods, with data collection through observation, interviews, and in-depth literature review. The main findings of this study involve various important components in educational management, including curriculum management, human resources, infrastructure, financing, public relations, and special services. One of the educational institutions analyzed, MAN 4 Bantul, identified four main points in the development of educational institutions. First, the use of the independent curriculum to provide freedom in the learning process; second, the application of Islamic character to shape students' morals; third, increasing individual worship and faith to always be grateful according to Islamic teachings; and fourth, developing branding through information management in the field of public relations. In addition, MAN 4 Bantul also improves the quality of human resources through learning innovation workshops for educators. The results of this study indicate that Islamic education management integrated with religious principles can create a more effective, relevant, and sustainable learning environment, as well as strengthen the competitiveness of educational institutions in the digital era.

The dual citizenship policy in Indonesia is a complex issue within national law and has various implications, including from the perspective of Islamic law. Islamic law does not explicitly regulate the concept of citizenship in the modern sense but has principles that can be used to analyze this policy, such as al-wala’ (loyalty), mu’ahadah (agreements), and maqasid al-shariah (the objectives of Islamic law). This study employs a normative juridical method with a conceptual and comparative legal approach to understand how Islamic law can contribute to assessing Indonesia's dual citizenship policy. The findings indicate that although Islamic law does not explicitly prohibit dual citizenship, certain principles must be considered, such as loyalty to the state and justice in legal relations. Therefore, the implementation of the dual citizenship policy in Indonesia should take into account aspects of Islamic law to align with the national legal identity based on Pancasila and the values of justice.

This research aims to explain how multiliteracy and community participation principles can be integrated into the assessment process to create a more inclusive learning space. Through a literature review approach, this article describes the conceptual framework and practical implications to be adopted in the context of induction education in higher education. The study's results, the first of which show that the multiliteracy approach opens up opportunities for learners to express their knowledge and understanding through various modalities. Second, community involvement in the assessment process through a community-based assessment model emphasizes the importance of the participation of multiple parties as partners in the observation and validation of learning outcomes. Third, the two can be integrated through participatory assessment strategies combining multiliteracy and democracy.  This research recommends that learners and stakeholders design and implement assessments that value diversity, participation, and creativity.

This article discusses citizenship status in Islamic law, focusing on case studies of Muslim minorities in non-Islamic countries, while considering the dynamics of national law and human rights. The research highlights that in Islamic law, citizenship is often associated with membership in the ummah, although modern Muslim states have adopted contemporary citizenship systems. Developments in Indonesian citizenship policies in the last five years, particularly concerning migration and the rights of foreign nationals married to Indonesian citizens, are also analyzed. However, the implementation of these policies faces challenges due to inconsistencies between national law and Islamic principles related to religious identity. The perspective of Islamic law emphasizes the safeguarding essential rights and human worth, in addition to fairness in the treatment of all individuals. The integration of muslim communities residing in western nations poses challenges in distinguishing the majority from extremist minorities. Additionally, equality, the liberty to make individual choices, and partnership are seen as key elements in shaping the societal lives of muslims across western regions. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between national laws and Islamic principles is needed to guarantee the safeguarding of the rights of muslim minorities worldwide.

This study aims to analyze Islamic-based managerial strategies in improving employee welfare in madrasahs that implement remote working systems. In the context of virtual work, emerging challenges include increased burnout risk and decreased employee engagement. Therefore, this study proposes the application of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Islam as approaches to address these issues. The research method used is descriptive with a literature review approach, analyzing relevant theories and the application of Islamic principles in employee welfare management in madrasah environments. The findings indicate that integrating Islamic values into employee welfare management can reduce burnout and enhance employee engagement. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of madrasahs adopting Islamic-based managerial models, which consider not only material welfare but also the spiritual and social well-being of employees, to create a healthy and productive work environment.

This research is entitled "Actualization of the Content and Teachings of the Principles in Pancasila to Increase Unity and Oneness in National and State Life". This study aims to analyze the problems that arise in the process of actualizing Pancasila values, especially in the context of unity amidst social diversity. Identification of problems includes low public understanding of Pancasila, minimal participation in social activities, and social injustice that hinders harmony. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through literature studies and interviews. The results of the study indicate that a shallow understanding of Pancasila often causes people to emphasize differences rather than similarities, thus increasing the potential for division. In addition, the rampant inaccurate information on social media worsens the situation. This study recommends the need to increase education and socialization regarding Pancasila, as well as the development of more inclusive policies to encourage active public participation. With this, it is hoped that Pancasila can be actualized as a guideline for life that strengthens the unity of the Indonesian nation, in accordance with the spirit of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.