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This study aims to analyze the religious values ​​in the poem Wirid Orang Tertindas by Emha Ainun Nadjib. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative through a religious approach, the data collection technique in this study is using the reading and note-taking technique. In accordance with the results of the study, religious values ​​are found in the poem Wirid Orang Tertindas by Emha Ainun Nadjib, including the values ​​of faith and piety. Based on the results of the analysis, literary works that contain religious values ​​can be used as learning in society.

With the existence of social media, the distribution of public service advertisement videos has become easier. However, the rampant cases of phishing in society lately have the potential to harm users of online banking services. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exposure to public service advertisements on the attitudes of Twitter / X users. This study uses a quantitative approach. The choice of research method that will be used is the quantitative causality method. This study will use X / Twitter users who have watched the public service advertisement video "Don't Know? Kasih No!" by Bank Central Indonesia. The results of this study are that the variables product / message thoughts, source oriented thoughts, and ad execution thoughts simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on the formation of attitudes of Twitter / X users. It can be concluded that these three variables help in the process of receiving messages and forming audience attitudes when watching the public service advertisement video "Don't Know? Kasih No!"

The rapid development of digital technology has a significant impact on people's lives, including children's lives. Due to the use of this technology, protecting children's personal data has become an important issue in the current digital era, where children are vulnerable to the misuse of their personal data. The aim of this research is to examine the role of supervisory institutions in providing protection for children's personal data in Indonesia and to analyze it in comparison with the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) in South Korea. This research employs a normative legal approach. The legal materials used in this study focus on primary legal sources in the form of legislation, secondary legal sources such as literature, books, and journals, tertiary legal sources including Black’s Law Dictionary and the Indonesian Language Dictionary, as well as legal comparisons between Indonesia and South Korea. The results of this study indicate that the law in Indonesia has not fully provided adequate protection for personal data, particularly regarding the establishment and role of supervisory institutions, which have not yet been formed as a means of safeguarding children's personal data. In contrast, the regulations in South Korea provide more detailed provisions regarding the protection of children's personal data, along with an effectively functioning supervisory body known as the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC).

Indonesia is known for its diversity of culture, ethnicity, religion and customs. One of the noble values ​​contained in Indonesian culture is the spirit of mutual cooperation. Mutual cooperation is a form of cooperation between individuals or groups in solving work or problems together, regardless of social status, background or personal interests. In the history of the Indonesian nation, this spirit has proven to be a solid foundation in building social solidarity, strengthening unity, and supporting the sustainability of social life. However, along with the times and rapid advances in technology, the value of mutual cooperation has begun to be replaced by the values ​​of more individualism. emphasizes personal interests and individual achievements. The modern era, with all the dynamics and influence of globalization, has caused many people to focus more on personal success without considering collective interests. This aims to re-explore the spirit of mutual cooperation in the modern era with an approach that is relevant to current developments, as well as finding ways to restore the value of togetherness which is increasingly being eroded by individualism.

The 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) has a very iportant fundamental role in the legal and political system in Indonesia, especially in ensuring the fulfillment of Human Rights (HAM) for the people in Indonesia. As the country's highest constitution, the 1945 Constitution not only determines the structure and powers of the state, but also regulates the protection of the rights of individuals and groups of citizens or society. Since the amendments to the 1945 Constitution from 1999 to 2002, the substance of human rights has increasingly been strengthened and regulations have been tightened, with an emphasis on civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. In this article I aim to examine how the 1945 Constitution functions as a legal instrument to guarantee the protection of human rights in Indonesia. This research uses a normative approach by analyzing articles in the 1945 Constitution which are directly or indirectly related to human rights, as well as assessing their implementation in practice. The results of the analysis show that although the 1945 Constitution provides a strong legal foundation for the protection of human rights, many challenges still arise in its implementation and enforcement, especially those related to the gap between legal norms and the reality on the ground. Apart from that, the role of state institutions such as the Constitutional Court (MK), Komnas HAM, and the judicial system is very crucial in ensuring the fulfillment of citizens' basic rights. In conclusion, the 1945 Constitution has great potential to guarantee Human Rights in Indonesia, but ongoing efforts are needed to overcome various obstacles and problems in its implementation practice.

This research is motivated by musicscape that affects consumer satisfaction at Parewa Coffee Bandar Purus Padang. This study aims to analyze musicscape on consumer satisfaction visiting Parewa Coffee Bandar Purus Padang. This type of research uses quantitative research with a causal associative approach method. The population in this study were consumers visiting Parewa Coffee Bandar Purus Padang with a sample of 117 consumers. The data collection technique used a google form questionnaire distributed via bar code scans that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis used was the normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test. Hypothesis testing used a simple linear test using SPSS.  The results of this study found that musicscape was classified as good with a tcr result of 67.33%. For the consumer satisfaction variable, it was classified as good with a tcr result of 67.57%. Based on the results of the simple regression analysis test, the F count was 165.399 with a sig of 0.000, a regression coefficient of 0.365 with a sig value. 0.000. The R Square value is 0.590, meaning that the musicscape variable has a 59% effect on consumer satisfaction and 41% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. This study provides insights to Parewa Coffee’s managementon the importance of musicscape optimazition to enhance consumer satisfaction. Additionally , the findings are expected to serve as a refrence for similar future studies and contribute to development of the coffee shop industry by maximizing the roleof music elements

This study aims to explore the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the literacy levels of Indonesian students, with a focus on changes in reading habits and the application of literacy in daily life. The methodology used in this research is a descriptive approach combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, which were analyzed to measure students' literacy interest levels and to understand their views on literacy. The results show that the pandemic has led to a significant decline in students' reading habits, caused by factors such as online learning, digital fatigue, limited access to reading materials, and increased use of social media. To address this, it is recommended to provide broader access to reading materials and create an environment that supports literacy, both at school and at home.

The relationship between Indonesia and France in the context of defense has experienced significant growth, particularly in terms of military and defense industry cooperation. The primary focus of defense diplomacy between Indonesia and France includes the procurement of defense equipment, technology transfer, joint military exercises, and the development of regional defense capabilities. This study aims to analyze the role of defense diplomacy between Indonesia and France. The theories applied in this research are Defense Diplomacy and National Interest. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews with key informants and literature studies derived from books, journals, government documents, and online media. The conclusions indicate that defense diplomacy between Indonesia and France during this period has successfully fostered closer and more strategic bilateral relations, although there remains room for further development in the future.

This research examines crucial issues related to the development of a sustainable e-commerce ecosystem for the creative industry in Indonesia. The main problems identified are uneven digital infrastructure, lack of digital literacy, and fierce competition in local and global markets. The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by creative industry players in utilizing e-commerce platforms. The method used is literature review by collecting data from various secondary sources, including journal articles and policy reports. The results of the study show that collaboration between the government, the private sector, and local communities, as well as effective training programs, are very important to improve the competitiveness of creative industry players. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for an integrated approach in creating an e-commerce ecosystem that supports the growth of the creative industry in the digital era.

Da'wah is the process of conveying religious messages with the aim of inviting people to live in accordance with the provisions of Allah SWT and His Messenger. In the delivery of da'wah, language plays a vital role as an effective communication medium. The language used in da'wah must be gentle, polite, correct, and relevant to the audience so that the message can be received and understood. The history of the spread of Islam in Indonesia shows that the role of language is very significant in conveying the teachings of Islam, including language adaptation to local culture that facilitates public acceptance. Ustaz Muhammad Nuruddin is an example of a modern da'i who has succeeded in utilizing language as a medium of da'wah communication effectively. In his lecture entitled Year-End Reflection to Improve Self-Quality, he uses simple and easy-to-understand Indonesian, accompanied by a relaxed language style that attracts the audience. In addition, his method of delivering da'wah uses stories and analogies, which make it easier for worshipers to understand Islamic values in everyday life. This reflects that creativity, relevant language styles, and story-based approaches and analogies are the keys to successful da'wah in the face of diverse community backgrounds in the modern era.

This study aims to describe the physical structure in the poetry collection Doa untuk Anak Cucu (Prayer for Children and Grandchildren) by W.S. Rendra. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a content analysis approach. The data analyzed are the lines of poetry in the anthology. In-depth, this thesis analyzes the physical structure of the poems in ten selected works from the Doa untuk Anak Cucu collection by W.S. Rendra. The analysis focuses on seven elements of the physical structure of the poems: diction, imagery, figurative language, concrete words, typography, rhyme, and rhythm. The results show that the poet employs various strategies in selecting and arranging the physical elements of the poems. The diction chosen is highly diverse, with a total of 192 words across the ten poems. Imagery, which is strong and present in every poem, amounts to 161 images throughout the collection, creating vivid mental pictures for the reader. Figurative language such as metaphor, simile, and personification is used effectively to enrich the meaning and beauty of the poems, with 152 instances of figurative language identified in the study. The carefully chosen concrete words help readers visualize the objects and events described, with 121 concrete words found in this thesis. The typography used is also varied, with the arrangement of words and lines intentionally set to create specific rhythmic and visual effects. Rhyme and rhythm in the poems create a distinct harmony and musicality. This thesis identifies 121 rhymes and 170 rhythms.

Entrepreneurship education is an important aspect in shaping the character and skills of the younger generation to face future challenges. The aim of this service is to increase interest and entrepreneurial mentality among students at SDN Nagrak 05 through counseling, training and mentoring. This program is designed to foster students' self-confidence and awareness regarding the importance of entrepreneurship as a potential career choice and equip them with the basic skills for making handicrafts and making food to become successful entrepreneurs. The methods used are practice-based training, motivation through sharing sessions, as well as simulations and introductions to the business world with a fun approach. This program involves collaboration between students, teachers and parents in supporting the development of students' entrepreneurial interests and mentality. The expected result of this activity is an increase in students' knowledge about entrepreneurship, as well as the development of a tough and creative mental attitude in facing various challenges. Evaluation is carried out through observations and interviews to measure changes in students' attitudes and interests regarding entrepreneurship. It is hoped that this program can contribute to creating a young generation who has the readiness and courage to start a business early, and is able to adapt to face global economic dynamics

Krian Regency is famous for its forest products, especially teak trees, whose valuable wood is often used to make furniture. This research aims to develop a process for making environmentally friendly paper from dried teak leaves using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The PAR approach was chosen so that the local community could be actively involved in every stage of the research, from collecting materials, processing teak leaves, to the paper making process. This method is implemented through several stages, namely problem identification, action planning, implementation, observation and evaluation. Other parts of teak trees, such as leaves, have not been fully utilized. Young teak leaves are widely used as food wrappers and to make natural dyes. Teak leaves are abundant in the dry season but are not widely used. Dried teak leaves are a source of natural fiber that is cheap and easy to obtain. This investigation will process dried teak leaf waste into processing paper. This activity uses the PAR method. Teak leaves are processed into pulp using NaOH and soda process. Art paper is made from paper pulp. Researchers must conduct more research to find out that teak leaves as a natural resource can increase value and sustainability. Products made from teak leaves can not only increase the income of people in the area, but can also be used to improve environmental sustainability. The community can help reduce excessive tree felling and maintain environmental balance by utilizing natural waste.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of digitalization and the efforts of the Baduy community in preserving and maintaining local culture in the current digital era. The Baduy community is located in Kanekes Village, Leuwidamar District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province. The Baduy community strongly adheres to traditional values ​​and has very little interaction with modern technology, as time goes by digital technology has begun to enter their society. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through open questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The questionnaire was designed to reveal the perceptions of the Baduy Tribe community regarding the use of digital technology and its impact on their cultural values. The data collected was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and trends related to the impact of digitalization on the preservation of customs.

This study aims to analyze the influence of cultural environment on the implementation of international-scale business. In the current era of globalization, companies operating in international markets must be able to adjust their business strategies to various cultural factors present in the target countries. A different cultural environment can influence various aspects of business operations, including communication, negotiations, decision-making, and human resource management. This study uses a qualitative approach with case studies to understand how multinational companies adapt their strategies when facing cultural challenges in different countries. The findings show that the success of international business implementation highly depends on a deep understanding of local cultural values, as well as the ability to adapt products, services, and communication strategies according to the norms and customs in place. This study also identifies the challenges and opportunities faced by companies in managing cultural diversity to achieve success in international business.

This study aims to analyze the use of imagery and images in the poems of Sapardi Djoko Damono through a structural approach. Using qualitative methods and Ferdinand de Saussure's structuralism theory, the research focuses on the linguistic structures that form visual, auditory, and kinesthetic imagery in Sapardi's works. The imagery in his poems functions as a medium to present images, sounds, and movements that evoke emotional and intellectual responses from readers. In this analysis, every word and phrase is examined as a sign consisting of the signifier and the signified, which together form rich poetic imagery. The findings indicate that Sapardi meticulously utilizes linguistic structures to create imagery that not only depicts the beauty of nature and everyday life but also conveys nuances of emotions such as solitude, longing, and love. This structural approach enables a deeper understanding of how imagery in Sapardi's poems communicates emotional and symbolic meanings, creating an intuitive and profound reading experience for the audience. This research is expected to contribute to the study of Indonesian poetry and enrich literary analysis perspectives through the structuralism approach.

One of the biggest problems faced by several countries is the rapid increase in population growth, especially in an archipelagic country like Indonesia. One of the cities in North Sumatra Province that has experienced a significant increase in population is Medan City. This study discusses the population growth each year in Medan City. This study predicts the future population by combining historical data on population, birth rate, death rate, and migration using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton approach in logistic modeling. This study shows the progress of the approach in predicting the population growth of Medan City. With an area of ​​265.10 thousand km2, and a population reaching 2,474,166 people in 2023. The Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method as a logistic growth model is very effective for decision making in predicting population growth in the city of Medan.

This study aims to analyze the barriers in early childhood reading skills at Al-Mukaddimah Kindergarten. The main focus of this research includes identifying barriers experienced by children, factors that influence these barriers, and teacher efforts in overcoming reading difficulties. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation, interviews and documentation. The results show that there are several barriers in early reading skills, such as difficulty recognizing letters, distinguishing letters, and understanding symbols and numbers. Factors that influence these obstacles include the child's psychological condition, family environment, and learning methods applied by the teacher. Teachers' efforts in overcoming these obstacles are carried out through a fun and interactive approach, including the use of interesting learning media and varied teaching strategies. This research is expected to contribute to the development of reading learning methods in early childhood and provide recommendations for teachers and parents in supporting children's reading skills.

This study aims to analyze the structure of the drama script by Chairil Anwar entitled " Sudah Gila" using a structural approach. The method applied in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with a focus on library research. Data collection techniques include reading techniques, inventory techniques, and recording techniques. Through reading all the data obtained will be grouped based on the object of research. After being grouped, the data will be described according to the existing conditions and arranged into a report. The results of the study, the conflict that occurs in the script, namely a man who is upset over the death of his beloved wife, and is upset why good people are taken first by God, why not bad people. This is a conflict or central problem in the drama script " Sudah Gila" by Chairil Anwar. The plot in this script is a forward plot. The setting in this drama script is in the Village, Teras Rumah. Conclusion, based on the analysis that the author did on the drama script, it is a type of imaginative drama as well as possibly a tragedy drama, because the climax of the story is about sadness and confusion.    

Skin cancer (SC) is a highly serious kind of cancer that, if not addressed swiftly, might result in the patient’s demise. Early detection of this condition allows for more effective therapy and prevents disease development. Deep Learning (DL) approaches may be used as an effective and efficient tool for SC detection (SCD). Several DL-based algorithms for automated SCD have been reported. However, more efficient models are needed to improve accuracy. As a result, this paper introduces a new strategy for SCD based on Grey Wolf optimization (GWO) methodologies and CNN. The proposed methodology has four stages: preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The proposed method utilizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract features from Regions of Interest (ROIs). CNN is employed for feature categorization, whereas the GWO approach enhances accuracy by refining edge detection and segmentation. This technique utilizes a probabilistic model to accelerate the convergence of the GWO algorithm. Employing the GWO model to optimize the structure and weight vectors of CNNs can enhance diagnostic accuracy by a minimum of 5%, based on evaluation outcomes. The application of the proposed strategy and its performance comparison with other methods indicate that the proposed method with GWO predicted SC with an average accuracy of 95.11% and without GWO an Accuracy of 92.66%, respectively, enhancing accuracy by a minimum of 2.5% when we train our model with GWO.