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This study aims to find out the process of applying customary law sanctions of Wunis Peheng in resolving the criminal act of persecution committed by police and TNI personnel against a resident in Golo Poleng village, Ndoso District, West Manggarai Regency. In addition, it also aims to find out whether the customary sanction of Wunis Peheng in resolving the crime of persecution can provide a sense of justice for residents. This research is categorized as empirical juridical research. The empirical juridical approach aims to analyze problems using legal materials related to problems that occur in the field. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data that is processed and analyzed based on the formulation of the problem that has been determined is then presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this study show that there are several stages in the process of applying customary sanctions of wunis peheng in the settlement of criminal acts of persecution, namely reporting cases of persecution to Tu'a Golo, summoning the parties involved in the persecution case, examination and verdicts of customary institutions, handing over Wunis Peheng from the perpetrator, Saying Traditional Prayers, Slaughtering ela (pigs). And several dimensions of justice in the provision of customary law sanctions, namely the rights of victims are fulfilled, restorative justice, and active participation of the community.  

Anxiety is a common problem that can affect a person's physical and psychological changes, especially in cigarette addiction perpetrators. Addiction or addiction is an unhealthy behavioral condition that causes physical or mental dependence on something so that it has an impact on the behavior of the person who experiences it. This study aims to describe the level of anxiety in addiciton cigarette perpetrators at SMA N 1 Bukik Barisan. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach with an accidental sampling technique, with a sample of 12 students aged 15-18 years. Data was collected through the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS 22 program. The results of the normality test in this study showed 0.079 (p>0.05), so it can be said that the anxiety variable has a normal data distribution. The results stated that the description of the level of anxiety in cigarette addiction perpetrators at SMA N 1 Bukik Barisan was included in the mild category.

This study aims to analyse the role of the Social Studies Teacher Forum in improving pedagogical competence, teacher professionalism, and innovation in Social Studies learning at the UPT SPF SMP Negeri 4 Makassar. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects consisted of the principal, the head of the subject teachers’ working group, and four social studies teachers who were also members of the subject teachers’ working group. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation, with data analysis including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results showed that the teacher forum contributed to improving teachers’ pedagogical competence through understanding the material, preparing lesson plans, and evaluating learning. However, the effectiveness of the Teacher Forum depends on the active participation of teachers and school support. In addition, the Teacher Forum also plays a role in improving teachers' professional competence, especially in mastering subject matter, utilising technology, and developing continuous professionalism. Nevertheless, the active participation of teachers and school support is essential to maximise the benefits of the Teacher Forum. The Teacher Forum also encourages innovation in social studies learning, but its success is influenced by teacher involvement, school support, and student readiness. Therefore, more concrete efforts are needed to optimise the role of the teacher forum in developing innovative learning strategies.

This study aims to find out and analyze the study of the default judiciary in the implementation of the lending agreement between creditors and debtors based on case number 71/PDT. G/2023/PN KPG. This research is a normative law research that uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The approach methods used in this study include the Case Approach, the Conceptual Approach, and the Statute Approach. The researcher performs this technique by collecting source materials and then doing so by reading, studying, analyzing, recording and interpreting points related to the problems or legal issues raised by the researcher. The results of this study show (1) The form of default committed by the defendants or debtors as contained in decision number 71/Pdt. G/2023/PN. Kpg The form of default committed by the debtors and/or the defendants as the judgment in question is a form of default "carrying out the achievement but not as it should" (2) The legal consequences that must be borne by the defendants are having to pay compensation that is many times the amount of the previous loan, namely from Rp. 350,000,000,- (three hundred and fifty million) to Rp. 612,847,022,-  (six hundred and twelve million eight hundred and forty-seven twenty-two rupiah) and must pay the cost of the case and must give up the bail if seven days after the legally effective judgment remains to be confiscated and the factors that cause the perpetrators of the default can be categorized into internal factors and external factors.

Adapting to the demands of the independent learning curriculum is important for students to have practical science skills. This research aims to improve the practical science skills of class V MI Muhajirin Jambi City students through the application of the Experiential Learning learning model. This model was chosen because it can provide students with direct experience in understanding science concepts, thus encouraging active involvement and mastery of practical skills. The research method used is classroom action research (PTK) with a two-cycle design, where each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data was collected through observation, practical skills assessment sheets, and interviews with students.

This study is entitled "The Influence of Internal Control System and Human Resource Competence on the Quality of Financial Reporting at PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Mangatur Ganda in Tanjung Morawa. This study aims to examine the influence of the internal control system and human resource competence on the quality of financial reporting at PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Mangatur Ganda in Tanjung Morawa. This study is included in the associative research category which is conducted by distributing data through questionnaires to respondents of 30 employees at PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Mangatur Ganda. The results of this study indicate that the internal control system and human resource competence have a significant effect on the quality of financial reporting. This shows that the better the internal control system and human resource competence, the better the quality of financial reporting produced.

Marriage is a sacred vocation that signifies a profound commitment between husband and wife, rooted in love and faith. Many couples, however, lack the emotional and mental readiness to navigate marital challenges. This study examines the impact of Pre-Marriage Catechesis (KPP) on the emotional and mental readiness of Catholic couples in the Holy Spirit Cathedral Parish, Denpasar. Using a pretest- posttest experimental design, data were collected from 89 participants (44 males, 45 females) in November 2024, utilizing the Sukoon Marriage Readiness Scale. Before KPP, participants were categorized as "Highly Ready for Marriage" (20%, 18 individuals), "Moderately Ready" (50%, 45 individuals), and "Not Ready" (30%, 26 individuals). After completing KPP, the "Highly Ready" group increased to 65% (58 individuals), "Moderately Ready" remained at 30% (27 individuals), and "Not Ready" decreased to 5% (4 individuals). Pearson correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between KPP and readiness (r = 0.842, p = 0.000). Gender had no significant effect (p > 0.05), indicating KPP's universal applicability. The study concludes that KPP significantly enhances couples' readiness for marriage, contributing 98.7% to their emotional and mental preparedness. Recommendations include adapting KPP modules to address modern couples’ needs and increase program efficacy.

This study is evaluation research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the teaching process implemented by young lecturers who have attended the Basic Instructional Skills Improvement Training (Pekerti) at Universitas Negeri Manado. A sample of 20 lecturers was selected using simple random sampling techniques. The results show that (1) The preparation of the teaching plan by the lecturers at Unima was well done, with 90% of lecturers demonstrating good to excellent performance in preparing their teaching plans. In comparison, only 10% showed less satisfactory performance. (2) The implementation of the teaching process was also well conducted, with 95% of lecturers carrying out the teaching process according to good to excellent criteria and only 5% falling into the less satisfactory category. Although the overall teaching implementation was adequate, several aspects needed improvement, namely the use of media and teaching tools, providing feedback on learning outcomes, and offering follow-up activities. These three aspects should be a primary focus in future training programs like Pekerti to enhance the quality of teaching. The findings provide important recommendations for the development of training programs and the improvement of teaching quality at higher education institutions, especially in the context of developing young lecturers' competencies.

This research focuses on developing a cayenne pepper quality detection system using the YOLO (You Only Look Once) V5 algorithm. The system is designed to address the limitations of manual post-harvest sorting by classifying cayenne peppers into three categories: “good” (ripe), “bad” (rotten or dry), and “raw” (green), based on their visual characteristics. A dataset consisting of 565 images was manually collected, labeled using Roboflow, and pre-processed through resizing and orientation standardization. Model training was conducted over 150 epochs, achieving high detection performance with a mean average precision (mAP) of 99.5%, precision of 99.6%, and recall of 99.9%. Real-time testing demonstrated the system’s capability to detect and classify cayenne peppers with exceptional accuracy. This research is expected to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the cayenne pepper sorting process, while paving the way for the application of YOLO-based systems to other agricultural commodities. Further research is recommended to expand the dataset and optimize model parameters for improved system performance.

Along with the advancement of time, technology in the era of globalization demands that humans work more professionally, and it is required in various fields or public institutions and organizations that use computers to support operational activities and internet networks across different levels of society. SMP Negeri 4 Mauliru is one of the Junior High Schools located in Mauliru Village, Kambera District, East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This school has a mission to improve the quality of education and always strives to provide quality guidance to its students. The payment of the Committee Fund is an agreement among the parents or guardians of students to support the school's needs that are not covered by the BOS (School Operational Assistance) funds. One of the school's operational activities that is essential for supporting the Committee Fund payment system still uses a conventional system, particularly in the preparation and payment of the committee fund, where a ledger book is still used for recording payments. This results in a long process and frequent errors in ledger book entries. The Committee Fund is a recurring payment that students must pay to the school once a month. The purpose of this research is to create a Web-Based Committee Fund Payment Information System at SMP Negeri 4 Mauliru to facilitate the school treasurer in recording committee fund payments in the ledger book. This research uses the waterfall development method. Waterfall is the most commonly used software development model. Several stages in the waterfall model include: Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing, and Maintenance. Based on the results obtained, the average value of 70% falls within the "acceptable" range with a grade scale of "C" and adjective ratings in the "OK" category. Thus, the developed payment information system is suitable for simplifying the committee payment process for students.

This study aims to classify the level of satisfaction of Dasawisma cadres with the Carik application in West Semper Village by utilizing the Naive Bayes method. Data was obtained through questionnaires, which were compiled based on three main aspects: ease of use, speed of access, and the usefulness of applications in supporting cadre tasks. After the data is collected, a pre-processing and labeling process is carried out, where the level of satisfaction of respondents is categorized into two classes, namely "satisfied" and "dissatisfied". The Naive Bayes algorithm is applied to predict satisfaction classes based on questionnaire answers. The results of the analysis show that the Naive Bayes method is able to perform classification with sufficient accuracy, so that it can be used as an evaluation tool and decision support in the development of the carik application. This method can also help the management understand user perceptions and improve the system based on objective and routine data in line with the needs of field cadres

Currently, the need for office buildings in the city of Surabaya is increasing along with the development of the economy in the city of Surabaya. PT X plans to contribute to meeting these needs, namely by building an office building in the city of Surabaya. This research was designed to calculate and determine the estimated magnitude of the impact of noise levels resulting from PT X's operational activities. Based on the calculation of the estimated magnitude of the impact, it is known that the noise level at the activity location without any activity is 52.4 dB(A) with a medium environmental quality value category (scale 3) and with operational activities producing a noise level of 67.64 dB(A). with the environmental quality value category being very bad (scale 1), so that the difference in environmental quality value between the noise level with activities and the noise level without activities is 2 (Medium Negative). Meanwhile, the noise level in settlements around the activity location without any activity is 47.8 dB(A) with a medium environmental quality value category (scale 4) and with operational activities producing a noise level of 54.66 dB(A) with the category The environmental quality value is medium (scale 3), so the difference in environmental quality value between the noise level with activities and the noise level without activities is 1 (Small Negative).

This study aims to see how the condition and completeness of the facilities and infrastructure of the light vehicle engineering workshop at SMK Negeri 1 Nisam. The research method was carried out by conducting interviews with the relevant teachers in the workshop, and observation of data on school documents related to light vehicle engineering workshop facilities. The results showed that the results achieved were 55%, so it can be interpreted that the achievement criteria are included in the feasible category. So the conclusion that can be obtained is that it proves that there is still a level of awareness of practicum equipment users to carry out maintenance on the tools used for practicum activities.

This article contains an analysis of the language style and figures of speech in the lyrics of the song "Sampai Jadi Debu" by Banda Neira. The discussion in this article focuses on the diction aspect of connotation and the use of figures of speech contained in the song's lyrics. The research method used to analyze the song lyrics is a qualitative descriptive method. The analysis carried out shows that the diction contained in the song lyrics is connotative. The connotative diction used in the song's lyrics is a manifestation of the creative thoughts of the songwriter when creating the lyrics for his songs. Apart from that, the song's lyrics use many figures of speech including metaphors, allegory figures of speech, and hyperbole figures of speech.

Patient satisfaction is one of the benchmarks for assessing a hospital's success in providing services. Quality targets in nutrition services based on hospital Minimum Service Standards include three indicators, namely timeliness of food distribution, food waste and the absence of errors in diet administration. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between minimum nutritional service standards and the level of satisfaction of inpatients at the Muhammadiyah Islamic Hospital Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro Regency. This type of research is cross-sectional. The sample in this study was patients in classes 2 and 3 of the Shafa and Marwah inpatient rooms, totaling 135 patients. The data measured are the level of patient satisfaction, timeliness of food distribution, accuracy of diet and food waste. Bivariate analysis used the Spearman's Rank test. The results of data analysis showed that food distribution timeliness was 92.5%, diet accuracy was 98%, food waste was 15.1%, while patient satisfaction levels were very satisfied (52%), satisfied (44%), dissatisfied (2%) and very dissatisfied (1%). The results of the study showed that the timeliness of distribution of breakfast (p=0.864>0.05), afternoon (p=0.853>0.05), evening (p=0.864>0.05) and the level of satisfaction, while the accuracy of the diet and the level of satisfaction patients (p=0.112>0.05), for food waste and level of patient satisfaction (p=0.311>0.05). From this research it can be concluded that statistically there is no significant relationship between minimum service standards (timeliness of food distribution, accuracy of diet and food waste) and the level of patient satisfaction. Suggestions that can be given in this research are that hospital efforts are needed to maintain the quality of food services by paying more attention to the accuracy of diet for patients.

The MBKM (Free Learning Independent Campus) activity is an activity that is required for every student at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Widya Mandira Catholic University, Kupang, to disseminate new knowledge and gain factual experiences from the place where field activities are carried out, in order to improve the teacher competency of prospective students. Teacher. This library arrangement activity aims to create a library environment that supports the learning process and to make it easier for students to find reading books that suit their interests. This activity uses a participation method that involves the active participation of MBKM participants outside the classroom and library staff. Results of activities MB KM participants succeeded in completing the library arrangement program well. libraries that were not initially organized, such as books that were still scattered on tables and not arranged according to book categories, were then arranged on bookshelves according to book categories. with library arrangement activities students will be more interested in visiting and even reading books in the library.

Deficiency in energy and nutrient intake in athletes can disrupt physiological functions, hinder muscle growth, cause fatigue and illness, and result in suboptimal performance. It is crucial for athletes to carefully manage their food intake during training, competition, and recovery, while also considering eating behaviors that include perception, knowledge, and habits related to food selection and consumption. This study aims to identify the factors influencing eating behaviors in non-elite athletes with a history of macro-nutrient intake deficits in the UNESA Basketball UKM. The research employs a qualitative methodology. Data were collected from key and supporting informants selected based on inclusion criteria established by the researcher. The number of research informants was determined based on the information obtained which was deemed to have reached saturation point, resulting in 7 key informants and 8 supporting informants. The collected data were analyzed through transcription and then categorized into relevant codes and themes. The findings of this study identified two main themes influencing the eating behaviors of non-elite athletes in the UNESA Basketball UKM: internal and external factors. Internal factors, including food preferences, self-discipline, self-confidence, state of mind, gastrointestinal discomfort, body image, sleep time, past eating habits, physical activity level, nutritional knowledge, and food allergies. Meanwhile, external factors include social influence, food availability, food prices, and social media.

This study aims to analyze the performance of the District Election Committee in Ciwandan District, Cilegon City. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with performance measured based on (S. Robbins et al., 2013) criteria, which include quality, quantity, timeliness, effectiveness, and efficiency. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the stages of Data Condensation, Data Display, and Conclusion Drawing.The results indicate that the performance of the District Election Committee during the 2024 simultaneous general elections in Ciwandan District was generally in accordance with the planned schedule. However, several issues were identified, such as logistical shortcomings, including the insufficient supply of ballot papers and instances of ballot exchanges with other polling stations during the election process. Furthermore, 97 individuals were found to be unregistered in the voter list, indicating inadequacies in voter list updates a key responsibility of the District Election Committee. The study also highlights the insufficient commitment of committee members, as some members had other jobs outside the committee, leading to suboptimal performance due to task delegation to less knowledgeable members.

This research aims to determine the application of the jigsaw type cooperative learning model to fifth grade students at Hasanuddin Elementary School, Medan Helvetia, in the mathematics subject of integers. This type of research uses PTK (Classroom Action Research). The subjects in this research were all 30 fifth grade students at Hasanuddin Elementary School, consisting of 13 men and 17 women. Meanwhile, the object of this researcher is to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects covering integers. We can observe data on the comprehension abilities of class V students in classes using the Jigsaw model in table 1, then the data is analyzed using the SPSS version 25.0 application. The results of data analysis show that the learning outcomes in class V using the Jigsaw model obtained a class average score of 83.30. The average value of students' mathematical understanding was classified as good, followed by the highest score obtained by class V students at Hasanudin Elementary School was 100. 00 and the lowest value is 63.00. Based on data processing on the mathematical understanding ability of fifth grade students at Hasanuddin Elementary School using the Jigsaw model, it is known that 3 students got scores in the range of 56-70 (medium category) or 10.0% of the entire sample, 14 students got scores in the range. 71-85 (good category) or 46.7% of the entire sample, and 13 students got scores in the range of 86-100 (very good category) or 43.3% of the entire sample.

This article discusses the ability of Accounting students of Medan State Polytechnic in managing personal finances which include five main aspects: spending money according to needs, paying obligations on time, planning finances for the future, saving, and setting aside money for personal and family needs. Most students show good ability in financial management, although some still face challenges, such as difficulty saving and managing expenses. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative approach. The results of the study show that the majority of students are in the good to very good category in financial management. This finding reveals that although some students have large pocket money, their financial management behavior is not yet completely ideal, so it requires more awareness in acting financially. The influence of family, environment, and education plays an important role in shaping students' financial habits, where parents are the main factors.