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This study aims to examine how nepotism can manifest through the role of informal institutions and its influence on administrative integrity within the bureaucracy. The method used is literature analysis by examining various related scientific references, such as books, journal articles, and research, which are then analyzed descriptively and analytically through identification, classification, and data integration. The research findings indicate that nepotism does not only arise from weaknesses in the official system, but is also strongly influenced by the existence of informal institutions such as personal networks, social norms, and organizational culture. This practice tends to persist within a system because it gains social recognition, making it difficult to overcome solely with regulations. The consequences include a decline in employee professionalism, weak accountability, and erosion of administrative integrity, which impacts on reduced public trust in government institutions. The implications of this study indicate that a comprehensive approach is crucial in bureaucratic reform, through strengthening the official system and changing organizational cultural values ​​to produce transparent, accountable, and dignified government management.

Prayer (ṣalāh) holds a central and indispensable place within the Islamic faith as one of the most fundamental acts of devotion. This study is designed to investigate the extent to which salah contributes to the formation and strengthening of religious consciousness among Muslims, as manifested in changes to individual attitudes, conduct, and discipline in everyday life. Employing a qualitative design grounded in library-based research, this study draws on primary Islamic sources, including the Qur'an and prophetic traditions, alongside relevant contemporary scholarly works. The findings reveal that the consistent practice of salah, carried out with sincerity and mindfulness, plays a meaningful role in cultivating spirituality, deepening the bond between humanity and the Creator, and fostering conduct that aligns with Islamic values. Moreover, salah is demonstrated to serve as an effective mechanism for self-regulation, discouraging unethical behavior while enhancing individual moral character. In conclusion, salah transcends its ritual dimension to function as a vital and holistic instrument for building comprehensive religious consciousness in the daily lives of Muslims.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of educational marketing management in increasing the interest of new students at MTs Negeri 3 Bekasi City, with a focus on the application of the POAC management functions (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling). The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study design. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews with the Madrasah Principal and the Vice Principal for Student Affairs, who serves as the Chair of the PMBM Committee, while secondary data were sourced from relevant journals and literature. The research results indicate that marketing planning was carried out systematically through the formation of the PMBM committee, academic, religious, and Quranic literacy selection processes, as well as the utilization of digital and print media. Organization involved all school components in a structured manner, while promotional activities highlighted students’ academic, non-academic, and moral achievements through social media and word of mouth. This strategy proved effective, as evidenced by the number of applicants far exceeding the admission quota. However, implementation still faces challenges related to funding, limited land availability, and public perceptions regarding the difficulty of the selection process, which are addressed through routine evaluations and collaboration with government agencies.

The management of Uninhabitable Houses (Rumah Tidak Layak Huni/RTLH) in Sikka Regency faces a critical challenge due to the high number of inadequate housing units distributed across both urban and rural areas with complex geographical characteristics. The primary obstacle to effective policy implementation stems from the limited capacity of local government interventions in improving housing quality on a sustainable basis, which is largely caused by poor-quality housing data and the absence of an integrated single-data information system. This policy paper aims to formulate an acceleration strategy for addressing RTLH through the reform of data governance that is accurate, efficient, and accountable. Using Eugene Bardach’s (2012) policy analysis framework to evaluate alternative solutions based on technical feasibility, economic viability, political acceptability, and administrative operability, this study identifies the transformation of intervention mechanisms based on the National Integrated Socio-Economic Data (Data Tunggal Sosial Ekonomi Nasional/DTSEN) as the most appropriate policy option. To ensure long-term sustainability, the paper recommends a Phased Convergence Strategy, whereby data cleansing and matching processes based on DTSEN are implemented at the upstream level and subsequently integrated into the “One Data RTLH Sikka” digital platform in the medium term. This operational strategy is further strengthened through the enactment of a Regent Regulation (Peraturan Bupati) on Data Governance and the Mechanism for Determining Eligible Beneficiaries of Decent Housing Assistance, providing a legally binding framework for policy implementation. By positioning village and urban ward governments as the frontline actors in conducting by-name-by-address (BNBA) field verification, the policy minimizes the risks of inclusion and exclusion errors, eliminates budget overlaps, and optimizes local innovative programs such as the TERKASIH House Assistance Scheme (Terima Kunci Siap Huni – “Receiving the Key to a Ready-to-Occupy House”). The implementation of these recommendations is expected to promote data-driven governance that accelerates the reduction of extreme poverty and enhances the effectiveness of housing assistance programs in Sikka Regency.

Flooding is one of the most frequent disasters in DKI Jakarta and contributes not only to physical and economic losses but also to the emergence of various psychological problems among affected communities. This study aims to analyze the psychological impacts of post-flood disasters, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly, and to examine the effects of repeated flood exposure on mental health conditions. This study employs a literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the identification and synthesis of relevant scientific sources. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify patterns, relationships, and trends in research findings. The results indicate that flooding is associated with psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with varying levels of severity. Repeated exposure to flooding has been shown to increase individuals’ vulnerability to mental health problems and reduce psychological well-being. However, protective factors such as social support, religiosity, emotional regulation abilities, and adaptive coping strategies play a significant role in strengthening resilience and accelerating psychological recovery. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic disaster management approach that integrates mental health services, strengthens community capacity, and enhances preparedness education to improve the psychological resilience of flood-affected communities.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal responsibility by goat farmers in managing waste from Etawa goat farming based on a circular economy model at Nusantara Farm, Sidoarjo. The study employs both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches, with data collection techniques including literature review, interviews, and field observations.The results indicate that waste management is carried out through direct utilization, such as using livestock manure as organic fertilizer, selling waste, and distributing it to the surrounding community. These practices demonstrate that waste is not disposed of carelessly but rather reused, thereby creating economic and functional value.From a legal perspective, this condition reflects the fulfillment of the farmers' responsibilities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, particularly in efforts to prevent environmental pollution. Furthermore, these waste management practices partially embody the principles of the circular economy, especially in terms of reuse.However, the current waste management practices remain conventional and are not yet optimally integrated. Therefore, there is a need to develop a waste management model based on an integrated closed-loop system to enhance the economic value of waste while ensuring more effective environmental sustainability.

The development of halal tourism has encouraged sharia hotels to provide services that are not only comfortable and functional, but also consistent with Islamic values and halal assurance. This study aims to analyze the integration strategy between sharia hotels and halal restaurants in increasing guest visits and satisfaction at Mangkuto Sharia Hotel Payakumbuh. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving hotel management, operational employees, guests, sharia certification experts, and representatives of the local government. The data were analyzed descriptively and strengthened through strategic analysis using the Resource-Based View (RBV), Value Chain, SWOT analysis, IFAS-EFAS matrix, TOWS matrix, and Blue Ocean Strategy. The findings reveal that service integration was implemented through sharia-based operational policies, halal assurance systems in restaurant activities, and cross-departmental coordination between the front office, housekeeping, and food and beverage departments. This integration created added value in the form of physical comfort, emotional trust, and spiritual peace for guests. Internal hotel data also indicated an increase in occupancy rates from 26% in 2020 to 52% in 2024 following the implementation of the sharia concept and halal restaurant integration. Strategic analysis positioned the hotel in Quadrant I (aggressive growth strategy), supported by its halal reputation, Islamic organizational culture, guest trust, and its uniqueness as the first sharia hotel in West Sumatra certified by the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI). The implication of this study shows that the integration of sharia hospitality can serve as a competitive product strategy rather than merely a compliance instrument, while also supporting the development of regional halal tourism.

Village governance plays an important role in supporting the effectiveness of development planning and improving community welfare. This study aims to analyze financial management governance and the process of preparing the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBKal) in Kalurahan Poncosari, Bantul Regency, for the 2025 fiscal year. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, involving in-depth interviews with key informants and documentation analysis of relevant regulations and financial reports. The results show that financial management in Kalurahan Poncosari has been implemented systematically through the stages of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability in accordance with applicable regulations. The planning process is conducted in a participatory manner through tiered community deliberations, such as hamlet-level deliberations and village development planning deliberations, involving residents. In addition, the use of digital systems such as E-RAB and Siskeudes supports transparency and administrative order. However, challenges remain, including limited budget flexibility due to mandatory programs from central and regional governments, limited human resource capacity, and shifts in community participation patterns. In conclusion, the governance of APBKal in Kalurahan Poncosari demonstrates compliance and accountability; however, improvements in administrative capacity and fiscal flexibility are needed to better respond to community needs.

Abstract. This study aims to describe students’ motivation toward online learning at Universitas Negeri Medan and to identify the underlying reasons for such motivation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative design, utilizing the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) motivational model and Expectancy-Value Theory as the theoretical frameworks. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 34 English Education students and semi-structured interviews with 5 purposively selected participants. The results indicated that all four components of the ARCS model were in the moderate category, with mean scores of 3.16 for Attention, 3.29 for Relevance, 3.20 for Confidence and 3.20 for Satisfaction. While students appreciated the flexibility and accessibility of online materials (high utility value), they frequently experienced boredom and mental fatigue due to limited social interaction and the "artificial" nature of screen based learning (high cost and low intrinsic value). The study concludes that students remain motivated primarily due to professional aspirations rather than engaging instructional designs. These findings suggest that educators should implement more interactive strategies to enhance student engagement in digital environments.

This study analyzes normative conflicts in the evolution of local government regulations from Law No. 22 of 1999 to Law No. 23 of 2014, along with the changes following the Job Creation Law. The research background is grounded in the phenomenon of policy pendulum swings, which indicate a shift from radical decentralization toward structured centralization, as well as the disruptions caused by the omnibus law approach. The research aims to identify and classify vertical and horizontal normative conflicts and formulate recommendations for regulatory harmonization. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, employing Hans Kelsen’s theory of antinomy as an analytical tool. The research findings identified two main forms of normative conflict: first, a vertical conflict between Law No. 22/1999, which advocates for the broadest possible autonomy, and Law No. 23/2014, which strengthens central control through the concepts of absolute affairs and NSPK, creating a paradox of centralization within decentralization. Second, a horizontal conflict following the Job Creation Law, which centralizes regional licensing authority through the OSS system and revives Article 251 regarding the annulment of regional regulations that have been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court. The implications of this research recommend revising problematic articles and strengthening the role of regions within a just decentralization system.

This study aims to analyze the history of Islamic education management in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period, identify colonial policies that restricted Islamic education development, and describe the adaptive and resistant responses of Muslim scholars and educational institutions. The study also aims to explain the roles of pesantren and madrasah as institutions that not only survived but underwent significant transformation due to colonial pressures, and to reveal the historical contribution of colonial-era Islamic education management as a foundation for post-independence Islamic education. Using a qualitative literature review method with sources primarily published between 2021 and 2026, this study finds that colonial pressures through the Teacher Ordinance and Wild Schools Ordinance paradoxically spurred innovations in the form of modern madrasahs integrating religious and general knowledge. Organizations such as Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama strengthened this educational transformation, making Islamic education not merely a vehicle for religious learning but an instrument of cultural resistance, national consciousness-building, and evidence of Muslim resilience in facing historical challenges.

Surau is the oldest traditional Islamic educational institution in Minangkabau and played an important role in the development of Islamic education in Indonesia before the twentieth century. This study is motivated by the modern shift in understanding the function of surau, which is often viewed merely as a place of worship, whereas historically it possessed broader educational, social, and cultural functions. The research aims to analyze the origins and transformation of surau, identify the roles of influential figures in its development, and examine its social functions within Minangkabau society. This study employs a qualitative approach using the historical research method through library research based on various primary and secondary sources. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography to produce a systematic and factual historical account. The findings reveal that surau transformed from a Hindu-Buddhist ritual center into an Islamic educational institution that functioned as a center for religious instruction, character building, intellectual development, and social integration. Figures such as Syekh Burhanuddin Ulakan, Tuanku Nan Tuo, and Syekh Muhammad Djamil Djambek made significant contributions to the reform and development of the surau educational system. In addition, surau also served as a center for community deliberation, a residence for young men, and a space for moral and cultural development. The study implies that surau became an important foundation in shaping the Islamic educational system in the Nusantara by harmoniously integrating religious values, local culture, and social life.

This study aims to describe the implementation of instilling Islamic Religious Education values in the aspects of the Qur’an and Aqidah at TPQ Fattuhul Qulub, Doyo Baru District. The background of this research is based on the importance of Islamic religious education in shaping children’s character and morals from an early age amid the decline in the morality of the younger generation. TPQ, as a non-formal educational institution, has an important role in instilling Islamic values through learning the Qur’an, aqidah, and morals. However, in its implementation, several obstacles are still found, such as the low understanding of students regarding religious values, varying abilities in reading the Qur’an, and the lack of support from family and community environments.This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation at TPQ Fattuhul Qulub, Doyo Baru District. The focus of the research includes the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of instilling Islamic Religious Education values in the aspects of the Qur’an and Aqidah.The results of the study indicate that the instillation of Islamic Religious Education values has been carried out through structured stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The learning process was conducted using the methods of Iqra’, tahsin, tahfidz, talaqqi, lectures, role modeling, habituation, and exemplary stories. In the Qur’anic aspect, students were guided to read the Qur’an according to tajwid rules and memorize short surahs, while in the Aqidah aspect, students were taught the pillars of faith, the attributes of Allah and His Messenger, and the formation of Islamic morals. The evaluation results showed improvements in Qur’anic reading skills, memorization, understanding of aqidah, and changes in students’ religious behavior, such as becoming more disciplined, polite, and diligent in worship. This success was supported by the exemplary behavior of the teachers and the involvement of parents in the learning process.

This study aims to explore the use of English speaking skills by airline operational staff at Indonesia Air Asia at Juanda International Airport, Surabaya. English plays a crucial role in aviation operations, particularly in ensuring effective communication, maintaining service quality, and supporting operational safety in interactions with international passengers, flight crews, and airport stakeholders. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of how English is used in real operational contexts and how staff perceive its importance in their daily responsibilities. The data were collected from ten airline operational staff members through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and document analysis. The data were analyzed thematically following the qualitative data analysis model proposed by Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. The findings indicate that speaking skills are the most frequently used English skills in daily airline operations, especially when handling passenger inquiries, boarding procedures, and operational coordination. However, several challenges were identified, including difficulties in understanding diverse accents, limited aviation-related vocabulary, grammatical inaccuracies, and a lack of confidence in spontaneous communication. The study concludes that continuous and context-based English training programs are necessary to support airline operational staff in improving their communicative competence, particularly speaking skills relevant to aviation operations and international service standards.

Female inmates are vulnerable to various psychological challenges that may affect their psychological well-being, particularly their autonomy. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in improving the autonomy of female inmates at the Class IIA Women’s Correctional Institution in Tangerang. A pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest–double posttest design was employed. The participants consisted of nine female inmates selected based on low to moderate levels of mindfulness and psychological well-being. Data were collected using the autonomy dimension of the Psychological well-being Scale and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The results showed a significant increase in autonomy scores from pretest to posttest t(8) = -5.933, p < .001). The average N-Gain score was 0.50, indicating a moderate level of effectiveness. These findings suggest that mindfulness therapy was effective in enhancing the autonomy of female inmates. The results were further supported by participants’ worksheets, which indicated improvements in their ability to consider the consequences of their actions, regulate their emotions, and make decisions more independently.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) increasingly rely on e-commerce applications to enhance business performance and broaden market access. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such applications is strongly determined by their usability, which reflects how easily users can interact with the system. This study aims to evaluate the usability of an MSME e-commerce application using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied by distributing SUS questionnaires to 30 respondents who had previously used the application. The instrument consisted of 10 standard SUS statements measured using a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed by calculating individual SUS scores and determining the overall average score. Based on the randomized respondent data, the application achieved an average SUS score of 80,25. This score is categorized as Excellent and acceptable. These findings indicate that the MSME e-commerce application has a very good usability level and is well accepted by users. Therefore, the application has strong potential to support MSME digitalization and improve online transaction effectiveness.

Physical mobility is highly influenced by the integrity of the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems, which play a fundamental role in facilitating body movement. Impairment in these systems, such as muscle weakness, limited joint range of motion, pain, or injury, may lead to decreased physical movement and functional limitations. This case study aimed to describe the implementation of joint strengthening exercise techniques in a patient with impaired physical mobility at RSUD Bayu Asih Purwakarta. Joint strengthening exercise techniques, as a nursing intervention, may improve joint flexibility and enhance physical mobility. This study employed a case study design using a comprehensive nursing care approach. Assessment findings revealed decreased extremity movement, reduced muscle strength, and limited joint range of motion. The nursing diagnosis established was impaired physical mobility. Nursing interventions were implemented through joint strengthening exercise techniques over three days in two sessions. Evaluation findings demonstrated partial improvement in extremity movement, muscle strength, and joint range of motion. The implementation of joint strengthening exercise techniques contributed to improved patient mobility; however, the problem of impaired physical mobility was not fully resolved, as the outcome indicators remained at scores of three to four, below the expected target score of five.

The increasing use of web applications in various sectors has made security a major concern due to the high risk of attacks targeting the application layer. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the F5 Web Application Firewall (F5 WAF) in mitigating vulnerabilities in the OWASP Juice Shop application. Testing was conducted using 10 attack scenarios including SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR), and Information Disclosure before and after F5 WAF implementation. The test results showed that all tested attack scenarios were successfully mitigated after F5 WAF implementation. These findings indicate that the F5 WAF is able to provide effective protection against various vulnerabilities at the application layer and improve the security of web applications in the test environment used.

For every child to receive an equal education, inclusive education at the early childhood education (PAUD) level is a strategic step. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly study the basic concepts of inclusive education in early childhood, identify various types of specific challenges for Children with Special Needs (ABK) in regular classes, and evaluate how effective the use of inclusive learning methods is in optimizing child development. This study uses a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, teachers in regular classes face multidimensional characteristics of ABK. These obstacles include visual impairment, deafness, mental retardation, physical disability, emotional retardation/ADHD, autism, and exceptional intelligence. To overcome these problems, it has been proven that the use of assistive technology, a more flexible curriculum, individualized learning programs (IPC) based on initial assessment, varied teaching methods, and a friendly environment can be helpful. This study shows that teachers are not the only key to the success of inclusive education. This requires strong multi-stakeholder collaboration between the government, schools, special education teachers (GPK), professionals, and parents to address facility challenges and eliminate existing stigma in the field.

This study examines the interpretation of the Qur’anic verse mentioning the lion in QS. Al-Muddathir [74]: 51 through the approach of tafsir ilmi (scientific exegesis). The aim of this research is to analyze the theological meaning of the term qaswarah, explore the interpretations of classical and contemporary exegetes, and relate them to the perspective of animal science as well as the underlying wisdom. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, using primary sources from Qur’anic verses and classical tafsir works, and secondary sources from books, journal articles, and relevant scientific literature. The results show that the term qaswarah in QS. Al-Muddathir [74]: 51 has various interpretations, such as lion, hunter, or something frightening. However, most exegetes tend to interpret it as a lion due to its relevance to the context of the parable in the verse. The parable illustrates people who turn away from the truth like wild donkeys fleeing in fear from a predator. From the perspective of tafsir ilmi, this depiction aligns with scientific facts that identify the lion as an apex predator capable of triggering a fight-or-flight response in prey animals. Furthermore, the mention of the lion in the Qur’an is not merely descriptive but also contains theological, ecological, moral, and psychological values. The lion serves as a symbol to describe irrational human behavior in rejecting the truth. Thus, tafsir ilmi demonstrates a harmonious relationship between revelation and science, where natural phenomena are used as a medium to convey profound moral and spiritual messages.