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Sleep disturbances in infants can cause significant physiological and psychological impacts, such as decreased immune function, impaired cognitive development, and an increased risk of emotional problems (Tanty & Pramesti, 2023). Poor sleep not only inhibits physical growth but also affects infants’ mental development, including attention disorders, anxiety, and low cognitive abilities (Hendri & Sari, 2021). Therefore, it is important to provide effective interventions to improve infants’ sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of baby massage on infant sleep quality at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest design using an experimental group and a control group, also known as a pretest–posttest with control group design, which is a form of quasi-experimental research design. The population of this study consisted of all infants aged 3–6 months at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, totaling 32 infants, with 16 infants in the experimental group and 16 infants in the control group. The results of the statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant probability value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted, meaning that baby massage had a significant effect on sleep quality among infants at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025.

Catur Murti Counseling integrates the concept of self-acceptance as a foundation that aims to provide a deep understanding of self-development and interpersonal relationships through a psychological approach. Catur Murti, which originates from Javanese culture, teaches the importance of balance in four aspects of life: spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and physical. By using qualitative research methods and using types of literature studies that aim to describe the facts that have been collected and then provide explanations and understanding of the facts regarding the concept of catur murti counseling. This counseling not only helps individuals understand themselves, but also in building harmonious relationships with others. Through counseling techniques based on the principles of Catur Murti, individuals are invited to explore their potential, overcome conflicts, and create a more meaningful life.

The family is the smallest social unit in society that plays an important role in individual development. Harmonius relationships within the family are the main foundation for creating individuals who are physically, emotionally, and psychologically healthy. Family Psychodynamics is an approach to family counseling that is rooted in psychoanalytic theory. This approach focuses on unconscious emotional patterns in relationships between family members, as well as the influence of childhood experiences on current family dynamics. Behavioral Social Family Counseling is an approach to family counseling that combines psychodynamic principles with social behavioral theory. This approach focuses on how social interactions and behaviors observed within the family affect the dynamics of relationships between family members.The Structural Family Approach is a counseling model that emphasizes family structure, including roles, hierarchies, and patterns of relationships between family members. This approach was developed by Salvador Minuchin, who believed that families have a structure that influences interactions between family members.  

Reading interest among elementary school children is a fundamental foundation for literacy development and long-term academic success. However, the reading interest of elementary students in Indonesia remains low due to limited engaging reading materials and an unsupportive literacy environment. This study aims to analyze the role of various types of reading materials, such as fairy tales, children’s storybooks, and literate textbooks, in enhancing the reading interest of elementary students. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, collecting data through literature review, observation, and document analysis to depict effective practices in literacy learning. The results show that fairy tales serve as an initial gateway to literacy by building a positive emotional connection to reading, while children’s storybooks strengthen independent reading habits through appealing illustrations and engaging plots. Literate and contextual textbooks broaden literacy scope by integrating everyday experiences. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting reading materials suited to children’s psychological characteristics and the active role of teachers and parents in creating a joyful reading environment. This study provides strategic input for educators and policymakers to improve literacy at the elementary school level.

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood marked by various physical, emotional, and social changes. One of the main challenges faced by adolescents is a lack of self-confidence, which can hinder the development of self-potential and social interaction. Based on observations at the Taruna Yodha Sukoharjo Children's Social Service Center, it was found that many adolescents showed an inferior attitude, were afraid of being wrong, and were reluctant to express their opinions in public. Therefore, this community service aims to increase awareness of the importance of self-confidence through interactive socialization. The implementation method includes four stages, namely the presentation of material on the concept of self-confidence, discussion of personal experiences, providing positive affirmations, and ice breaking to build familiarity. This activity was attended by most of the adolescents at the center and succeeded in increasing active participation from 20% to 50%. Although there were still obstacles such as limited time and the difficulty of some participants in expressing themselves verbally, the evaluation results showed an increase in social interaction and enthusiasm in implementing positive affirmations. This activity proves that an interactive approach can be an effective solution in fostering adolescent self-confidence. For more optimal results, ongoing programs such as public speaking training and psychological assistance are needed. It is hoped that teenagers in the shelter can continue to develop their potential and face social challenges with more confidence.

Background: Anxiety is one of the psychological conditions commonly experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester approaching delivery. Untreated anxiety can affect physiological balance, including increasing the risk of high blood pressure which can develop into complications such as preeclampsia. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and blood pressure in pregnant women in the third trimester. Method: This study used an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 80 pregnant women in the third trimester selected using a purposive sampling technique at the Fitri Clinic in Batam City. Anxiety level data were collected using the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire, and blood pressure data were obtained through direct measurement and recording from medical records. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: As many as 20% of respondents experienced severe anxiety, and 27.5% had high blood pressure. The results of statistical tests showed a significant relationship between anxiety levels and blood pressure in pregnant women in the third trimester (p = 0.012). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anxiety levels and blood pressure during pregnancy. Detection and management of anxiety need to be part of antenatal care services to prevent the risk of pregnancy complications due to increased blood pressure.

Sleep is a basic need for every human being. Every human being needs adequate sleep in order to obtain a healthy and good body. Poor sleep quality is one of the causes of many medical ailments and has a strong relationship between physical, psychological and sleep health. According to several studies on sleep quality, a person's sleep quality is influenced by several factors such as physical activity, stress and emotion, surfing the internet, watching television and having other habits such as drinking alcohol, smoking and fast food. The student group is a group that has a fairly solid activity. Students can experience disturbances in the circadian cycle due to increased pressure from the academic environment so that groups of students do not have enough sleep. Some of the stressors from Medical Faculty students include busy class schedules, piled up assignments, anxiety before exams that affect the sleep quality of the Medical Faculty students. To determine the relationship between physical activity and emotional stress on decreased sleep quality in students of the Faculty of Medicine, UMSU class 2018. This study used an analytical descriptive method with a cross sectional design. The data was processed using the SPSS Chi-Square test in June 2022 at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra. Based on the results of the analysis, the demographic characteristics of the average age of respondents were 22 (range 22-24) years and 97 (74%) of respondents were women, the frequency of poor sleep quality was the highest (79.4%), the frequency of light physical activity as much as (55%) and the frequency of moderate emotional stress (84%). Multivariate analysis showed that the factors that influence the decrease in sleep quality were emotional stress with p value = 0.001. Physical activity statistically did not affect the decrease in sleep quality with p value = 0.993. There is a significant relationship between emotional stress and decreased sleep quality in students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra, Class of 2018.

Adolescent girls are susceptible to nutritional and psychological problems due to changes during puberty. Selective eating behavior and negative body image perceptions may affect nutritional intake, potentially leading to eating disorders and mental health issues. This study aimed to examine the relationship between food selectivity and body image with nutritional status in adolescent girls. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used, involving 89 purposively sampled female adolescents aged 15–19 years from a population of 790. Anthropometric measurements were conducted using a microtoise and a digital scale, and data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results showed that 17.5% of participants were undernourished. There was no significant association between food selectivity and nutritional status (p = 0.454), but a significant association was found between negative body image and abnormal nutritional status (p = 0.001). In conclusion, body image is significantly associated with nutritional status, whereas food selectivity is not, among adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 2 Palu.  

The absence of a father figure (fatherlessness) can have significant impacts on an individual's psychological and social well-being, particularly among university students who are navigating the critical phase of identity formation. This study aims to explore the meaning of father loss in students by comparing experiences of losing a father due to divorce and death. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, six participants who had experienced fatherlessness were interviewed in depth. The results show that the loss of a father due to death is generally perceived as a permanent and irreplaceable loss, evoking deep sadness. In contrast, father loss due to divorce is often associated with emotional conflict, feelings of abandonment, and unresolved grief (ambiguous loss). The psychological impacts include emotional disturbances, social difficulties, and low self-confidence. Students employed various coping strategies such as seeking social support and engaging in academic or productive activities. In conclusion, the study highlights that the meaning of father loss varies depending on its cause, but both types have significant negative effects on students' psychological well-being. Therefore, strong emotional and social support is essential to help fatherless students adapt and build resilience in facing such loss.

This study aims to analyze the role of aesthetics in the drama Sumur Tanpa Dasar by Arifin C. Noer, focusing on the influence of language style and plot on story development. Using a qualitative approach and textual analysis, this research explores how language style shapes character development and expresses inner conflict, while the non-linear plot creates dynamic tension and dramatic conflict. The findings reveal that each character’s distinctive language style enhances characterization and reflects their psychological conditions. Meanwhile, the non-linear plot allows for deeper exploration of conflicts and offers a complex aesthetic experience for the audience.    

This study examines the practice of marital property division at the Sibolga Religious Court due to divorce caused by the husband's religious conversion. The phenomenon of divorce due to religious differences, especially religious conversion from Islam, creates legal complexities, particularly in determining rights and obligations related to marital property. This study employs a qualitative approach with an empirical legal research type, located at the Sibolga Religious Court. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with judges, court clerks, and parties involved in the cases, as well as document studies of court decisions. The results indicate that the Sibolga Religious Court has absolute authority in handling divorce cases due to the husband's religious conversion and the division of marital property within them. Despite the religious conversion, the principles of Islamic marital property law (syirkah) remain the primary basis, considering the contribution of each party. Challenges include the complexity of proving contributions, often emotional negotiations between parties, and judges' efforts to achieve substantive justice. The implications of the decisions not only involve legal aspects but also social and psychological ones for the families. This study recommends the need for broader legal socialization regarding rights and obligations in interfaith marriages and increased public understanding of marital property dispute resolution procedures.

The problems faced by students have a considerable effect on the quality of education, particularly at the secondary education level. Internal factors such as academic stress, low learning motivation, and unstable psychological conditions can hinder students' academic development. Meanwhile, external factors such as family environment, complex curriculum, high education costs, and inadequate facilities further deteriorate the education system. These challenges contribute to low student achievement, increased dropout rates, and declining quality of social interactions in educational settings. This article uses a literature review approach to examine various. factors affecting education quality and explores possible solutions. The findings indicate that intervention from schools, parents, and the government is crucial to creating an inclusive, supportive, and responsive educational environment.

Indonesia's rich natural resources offer immense potential for tourism development, with various locations evolving into popular tourist destinations. Kledung Pass, with its stunning views of three mountains, is an attractive stopover for travelers heading to cities across Java. Despite its popularity, however, there is no clear technical framework for designing rest areas in such locations. This study addresses the gap by proposing a new concept that reimagines rest areas as tourist destinations, providing brief yet meaningful stops for travelers. The research conducted surveys with road users to understand their rest needs while traveling. It focused on identifying key factors influencing the need for rest from a neuroscience perspective, considering both the physiological and psychological aspects. These findings were analyzed using William Peña’s space programming theory to develop appropriate design standards. The results indicated two main factors driving the need for temporary stopovers: physical fatigue from long journeys and emotional boredom. These findings underscore the necessity for spaces that cater to both physical relaxation and mental rejuvenation, creating a more holistic rest area experience. The proposed design standards move beyond traditional rest areas, integrating recreational features to enhance user experience. The design that considers the effective zoning layout and the use of environmentally friendly materials is expected to be able to create an economically efficient rest area, while providing a positive experience that is environmentally friendly. Overall, planning non-toll rest areas with neuroarchitectural principles can create functional rest areas that support mental health, as well as strengthen Indonesia's tourism appeal through sustainable and highquality space experiences.

Forced marriage of child victims of rape is a phenomenon that places children in a position of double victimization, both as victims of sexual crimes and as subjects who lose their human rights to determine their future freely and with dignity. This research aims to examine forced marriage in the framework of sexual violence against children from the perspective of criminal law and human rights. In its approach, this research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach, and case approach. The results show that forced marriage not only violates children's rights to protection from sexual violence as stipulated in Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence, but also violates the principles of non-discrimination, the best interests of the child, and the right to physical and psychological integrity as guaranteed in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and other international human rights instruments. This research emphasizes the importance of legal recognition of forced marriage as a form of sexual violence and the need for a comprehensive policy in the handling and recovery of child victims.

The correctional system in Indonesia faces challenges with the increasing number of elderly prisoners with special needs, especially in terms of health, psychology, and social aspects. This study aims to identify adaptation strategies used by elderly prisoners in Tangerang Class I Prison using a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation analysis. The results showed that elderly prisoners adapt by building social relationships, participating in rehabilitation programs, and relying on support from officers. Psychological factors such as self-acceptance and mental resilience play an important role in this process. However, limited health facilities and the lack of special programs for the elderly are major obstacles. This study is expected to be the basis for developing more inclusive correctional policies to improve the welfare of elderly prisoners during their sentence.      

This study explores leadership psychology within the context of education, focusing on the relationship between leadership styles, psychological empowerment, and organizational performance. Using a literature review method, the findings reveal that leadership styles such as transformational, democratic, and situational have a significant impact on creating a supportive and collaborative work environment. Effective leadership fosters psychological empowerment by enhancing employees' sense of meaning, competence, self-determination, and influence. This, in turn, directly contributes to increased motivation, job satisfaction, and overall performance within educational institutions. Therefore, a psychological approach to leadership is a crucial element in building competitive and adaptable educational organizations.

Modern women face layered complexities of challenges in navigating life in the contemporary era. Through an in-depth analysis of the character Hana as a representation of contemporary women, this article explores the dynamics of internal struggles encompassing aspects of hope, psychological trauma, and the search for spiritual meaning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with narrative analysis to understand the psychosocial phenomena experienced by urban Indonesian women. The research results show that modern women experience a continuous dilemma between social expectations, personal aspirations, and spiritual needs, which is reflected in the life journey of the character Hana. These findings make an important contribution to understanding the construction of Indonesian women's identity in the 21st century.

This study aims to explore the relationship between religious maturity and psychological well-being in final year students using a qualitative approach. Final year students are a group that is vulnerable to academic pressure, identity crisis, and anxiety about the future. In this context, religious maturity is believed to play an important role in shaping individuals' perspectives, attitudes, and strategies in facing life's challenges. This study reveals that religious maturity acts as a spiritual foundation that strengthens mental resilience, gives meaning to life experiences, and fosters a sense of optimism. These findings suggest that mature spirituality can be an authentic source of psychological well-being for final year students. This study contributes to a new understanding of the importance of integrating religious aspects in strengthening mental health in higher education environments.

This study examines the application of management psychology approach as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of learning and performance of educators in Indonesia. Using descriptive-analytical qualitative methods, this study explores how factors such as work motivation, leadership, and stress management contribute to creating a conducive educational environment. Literature analysis and empirical findings reveal that increasing educator motivation through rewards, feedback-based evaluation, and the implementation of transformational and participatory leadership can significantly increase work enthusiasm and innovation in the learning process. In addition, balanced workload management and the provision of work welfare programs have been shown to help reduce stress levels and improve the psychological well-being of educators. The results of this study provide recommendations for educational institutions to integrate the principles of management psychology into human resource management policies in order to achieve continuous improvement in the quality of teaching and learning.

The crime of obscenity is still a problem that is very difficult to eliminate. The main target of criminal acts of molestation often occurs in minors. Criminal acts of abuse that occur can have long-term impacts on children as victims both physically, psychologically, and socially. The research method used by the author is normative legal research, by reviewing or examining laws and regulations and court decisions related to the legal issues at hand. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials which are then analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results of this study show that: (1) The basis for the consideration of the Panel of Judges in imposing a sentence on the perpetrator of the crime of child abuse in the case of Decision Number 69/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Bajawa is to consider its juridical and non-juridical aspects. (2) Regarding the legal consequences if the Restitution is unable to be paid by the Defendant so far has not been specifically regulated either in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Restitution for Children Who Are Victims of Criminal Acts. If there is no provision that specifically regulates the penalty in lieu of restitution, there will be a small possibility for the Victim's Child to receive his rights.