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In the early days, before the creation of money, economic activities or business transactions were carried out through barter or commonly called barter trade. In the exchange process, goods and services were exchanged directly with other goods and services that were mutually needed by the parties involved. At the macro level itself, the parties involved in the production of goods and services can easily and smoothly exchange goods and services by using money as an intermediary. Meanwhile, the domestic sector that receives income in the form of money uses the money to buy goods and services produced by the commercial and manufacturing sectors. It is the changes in these cash flows that cause changes in prices and/or production quantities, for example. It also affects saving behavior, investment and the business cycle. The method in this study is to use a type of qualitative descriptive research. The purpose of this study is to understand and explore the concept of money in Islamic macroeconomics that does not contradict Islamic law.

This research discusses the principal leadership factors that contribute to increasing students interest in reading. Many studies have been conducted to find out how a school principal influences teacher and student performance. For example, this research aims to identify the main factors that influence the choice of principals in public elementary schools in Pekanbaru City. Other research also emphasizes the role of school principals in improving student achievement. This research can help us understand the relationship between school leaders and students' interest in reading.

Parties or companies that manage their customers' managed funds into various investment instruments are known as investment managers in mutual funds. Mutual funds are highly recommended for novice investors because of their low capital and risk compared to other types of investment. In managing mutual funds, the investment manager is responsible for the securities portfolio and the collective investment portfolio. The portfolio is intended to minimize the risks that occur when managing investments, with the existence of a portfolio it is expected that the returns expected by investors can be achieved optimally in managing mutual funds. In managing mutual funds, there are always mistakes in anticipating the return expected by investors. Default is one example of an error that occurs. There are two causes of default: debtor (customer) and force majeure (overmacht or force majeure).  

This assessment aims to assess the role of learning planning on the quality of educators in teaching and learning activities, the obstacles faced by teachers in carrying out learning planning at UPT SDN 060909. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The research subjects were all homeroom teachers at UPT SDN 060909 Medan Denai. The obstacle faced by teachers is that real teachers cannot guarantee that all students will be interested because there are also students who do not participate, for example when using the conversation method, students become calmer and still do not answer anything. This discussion method is very important to stimulate student activity. However, teachers always evaluate this to continue to improve the quality of educators so that these plans can be used as reference material for further development. From the research results, it was found that learning planning is very important in teaching activities, because learning planning can be a reference for a teacher to carry out learning in the classroom.

The moral development of children in the early and late stages of their lives is a crucial process in shaping their character. In the early stage, children tend to rely on the influence of adults, such as parents and teachers, to understand the concepts of right and wrong. They often strictly follow rules and avoid moral violations. In contrast, in the later stage, the moral development of children becomes more complex. They start to develop a deeper understanding of morality based on the values and principles they have learned throughout their lives. Children in this stage can consider the moral consequences of their actions and develop autonomy in making moral decisions. A better understanding of the moral development of children can help adults, such as parents and educators, support the healthy moral development of their children throughout the early and late stages of their lives.  Set a good example: Children tend to imitate the behavior of adults around them. Therefore, it is important for parents and adults around children to set good examples in behavior, attitudes and communication. Teach moral values: Teach children about moral values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, empathy, mutual help, patience, etc. Discuss these values ​​with them and provide concrete examples of how these values ​​are applied in everyday life.

Macbeth was one of William Shakespeare's famous plays that used many shadows to beckon events to come in this story. In Macbeth's stories shadows are used to create tensions and raise questions about agency and moral responsibility in the drama. This study aims to analyze and identify the use of additives in the text and connect it to the development of themes and characters in Macbeth's story. In addition, the researchers also used interpretation and evaluation. After evaluating "Macbeth," the researcher gives his own view of the work. This data-research method employs a qualitative approach. Research shows that parallels are used in "Macbeth" to predict the direction of the story, build tensions, and develop character. Parallels are used to show changes in character and awareness of responsibility dealt with by Macbeth. Examples of vocations used in "Macbeth" include witch prophecies, soliloquy Macbeth, hallucinations and visions, and the use of invention. These barriers help build tensions and predict the tragic end of the main character

The aim of this research is to determine the negative impact of online gambling in the current era, especially on the younger generation. We use this research method as a qualitative method, where we as researchers carry out an analysis by observing various digital media platforms, from which we can find out the various negative impacts experienced by several young people today due to carrying out online gambling transactions. We took the case example of a TikTok celebrity named Fahdan who shared a story about the other side of online gambling that not many people know about. From this case, we as researchers concluded that in fact online gambling has more negative impacts than positive ones.

This research delves into the perspectives of 240 Semester 3 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta) regarding the establishment of a standardized maritime language for effective communication at sea. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study integrates document analysis and self-administered surveys to unravel the nuanced dynamics of linguistic proficiency in the maritime context. The findings reveal a perceived gap between academic training and practical linguistic challenges, prompting recommendations for the integration of simulated scenarios and immersive training methods into the curriculum. Motivation emerges as a critical influencer of linguistic competences, necessitating a paradigm shift in linguistic training methodologies that connect linguistic development to the broader narrative of professional identity. Anticipation of communication challenges during internships highlights the immediate need for industry-responsive linguistic training. Collaborative efforts between educational institutions and industry stakeholders, along with the incorporation of real-world examples, are recommended to enhance the preparedness of cadets for diverse communication scenarios in their professional roles. This study contributes nuanced insights to the discourse on maritime education, emphasizing the need for a dynamic and experiential approach to linguistic training that aligns with the evolving demands of the maritime industry. The identified themes and recommendations provide a roadmap for curriculum enhancement and pedagogical refinement, ensuring that maritime education remains responsive and effective in preparing cadets for the complexities of real-world communication at sea.

Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of speech. One of the pragmatic materials is analyzed in this research, namely elocutionary speech acts. Locutionary speech acts themselves are speech acts with the intention of completing something. The thing that underlies this research is the researcher's curiosity about the application of illocutionary speech acts in a speech. This research aims to determine and describe the form of illocutionary speech acts in a news text learning video on Revi Nurmeyani's YouTube channel. The approach used to research this research is to use a theoretical and methodological approach, the theoretical approach used is a pragmatic approach while the methodological approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The data source used is speech in Revi Nurmeyani's news text learning video. Data collection was carried out using the matching and sharing method. The results of the analysis are presented using informal methods. The research results found locutionary speech acts in the parts of inviting, informing, explaining, asking and reminding with a total of 76 data taken from the data source, namely Revi Nurmeyani's YouTube channel, discussing news text material. This research can be used as reference material for understanding locutionary speech act material in pragmatics, besides that it can also be used as supporting material or examples for further research related to pragmatic material, especially regarding locutionary speech acts.

This research is a data collection technique in this research using literature study. The library study collection technique is a study used to collect data and information with various assistance available in the library, for example books, magazines, documents, or reading various journals that are needed. Literature study also studies various reference books and previous research results so that it can be useful for obtaining a material basis regarding the matter to be researched which discusses issues regarding the solar system by providing concise basic concepts. The topics discussed are the characteristics and various members of the planets. solar system. The solar system is one of the materials contained in natural science. In the learning process, the solar system consists of a collection of celestial bodies centered around a star called the sun, and all celestial bodies are connected based on their gravity. There are eight known planets in the solar system, namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Based on the position of the planets, there are planets called inner planets and outer planets. The purpose of this article is to analyze the solar system, which includes the definition of the solar system, the characteristics of the members of the solar system, as well as the various planets and their characteristics which will be discussed in detail in the results and discussion sections.

As we already know, language is something that can never be separated from everyday life. One of the functions of language is communication, because humans are social creatures, communication is very important. A statement or utterance put forward by someone can be said to be a speech act. In linguistics, speech acts are included in the science of pragmatics, where there are several types of speech acts, one of which is locutionary speech acts. Locutionary speech acts are speech acts that only express meaning or state something. In this research, the author focuses more on locutionary speech acts in the video "Compilation of 3in1 Folk Tales from Betawi" on the Dongeng Kita YouTube channel. The aim of this research is to increase our knowledge about locutionary speech acts and find out what types of locutionary speech acts are included in the video “Kompilasi Cerita Rakyat 3in1 dari Betawi” on the Dongeng Kita YouTube channel. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach and a paradigmatic approach. The data used in this research comes from the video "3in1 Compilation of Betawi Folk Tales" on the Dongeng Kita YouTube channel. The data collection technique we used in this research was listening to and noting the folklore video "3in1 Compilation of Betawi Folklore" on the Dongeng Kita YouTube channel. The benefit of conducting this research is that the public or readers can understand what locutionary speech acts are, and the examples. It is also hoped that it can provide an understanding that in folklore there is not only a story that can be enjoyed, but also many sayings that must be understood so that we can understand the entire content of what is being conveyed.

High blood pressure is a serious health problem because it is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Results of an interview with the head of Posyandu Sakura 9 RW. 01 Manang, Grogol,   Sukoharjo  shows that more than 70% of people suffer from hypertension. Therefore, socialization through health counseling programs is needed to increase the role of the community in the context of preventing hypertension. At Posyandu Sakura 9 RW. 01 Manang, Grogol,   Sukoharjo, community service activities are expected to be able to improve health degrees optimally. Through understanding ways to prevent hypertension, for example in the consumption of healthy foods and physical activity correctly, and can improve people's knowledge, behavior, and attitudes about hypertension.  The solutions offered to partners are ways to prevent hypertension through health counseling activities on hypertension, healthy cooking demonstrations in order to reduce excessive consumption of sugar, salt and fat, and healthy heart gymnastics activities to increase physical activity. The conclusion of this community service activity is that the elderly at the Sakura 9 Posyandu are very enthusiastic and give appreciation regarding very useful activities.  

Beauty and elegance are characteristics that are inherent in a woman and cannot be separated, beauty is often contested using the term beauty contest. Beauty can be seen from different perspectives, for example skin color, slender body shape and straight or wavy hair. Currently, girls from adolescence to adulthood are competing to be beautiful, the term often used for beauty tools is skincare. Focusing on body beauty and facial beauty makes women forget about the beauty of their hearts. Caring for and cleaning the body is the right action to do, this means that we respect the body that God has given us. However, it is much more important than just body beauty, character beauty is also the main thing, it would really be better if inner beauty and physical beauty (innerbeauty) could be had. A person's inner beauty can lead him to the gates of success, like the story of Queen Esther (Esther 2:1-18). This research uses a literature review method. This research aims to examine how the beauty of a person's character is the main foundation for behavior, thereby bringing success in a person's life.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze language errors in food advertisements on Instagram, particularly those related to phonological and morphological errors. The study was conducted by collecting samples of food advertisements on Instagram using a descriptive qualitative method. The data used in this study were words and phrases from Instagram food advertisements that had phonological or morphological errors. Data were collected through the observation and note-taking technique. The results of the study showed that there were phonological and morphological errors in the language. The most common error was the use of italics in foreign languages. The results of this study are expected to be used as one example of a language error case, particularly in the field of phonology and morphology.

Character building is one of the most crucial aspects in supporting national development in the current era of globalization. Education is not only intended to transfer knowledge, but also plays a role in shaping the personality and moral values of students from an early age. This is important so that students have a strong character provision to face the challenges of the ever-changing era. Instilling character values from an early age is expected to be a fortress in maintaining students' personal and social integrity. The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the role of teachers as role models (modeling the way) in the process of character building for students in the Elementary Madrasah environment. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques are carried out through direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with teachers, principals, and students involved in learning activities. This research was conducted in an Elementary Madrasah that has implemented an exemplary approach in the character education process. The results of the study indicate that the role of teachers as role models is very influential in shaping the character of students. The attitudes, words, and actions of teachers in everyday life in the madrasah environment are real examples that are imitated by students. Thus, it can be concluded that the modeling the way strategy is very effective in internalizing character values to students at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level.

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

Introduction of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) from an early age is very good for educating and instilling awareness of the importance of cleanliness as an effort to maintain personal health and the environment in an ideal condition, so that we can avoid attacks from various diseases such as diarrhea, worms, toothache, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (dengue fever) etc. This community service activity aims to introduce CHLB to Dharma Wanita Sebewe Kindergarten students so that students are able to cultivate a culture of clean and healthy living in the school environment and in the family environment. The activity was attended by 20 students. The introduction to CHLB was carried out using a lecture method using stand-X Banner media and direct practice by giving examples to students with song accompaniment, then students followed and practiced again in turns. The types of CHLB that are exemplified and practiced together with students are: washing hands using soap and running water, brushing teeth properly and correctly and disposing of rubbish by separating organic and inorganic waste. All students were very enthusiastic and active in participating in a series of community service activities from start to finish.

Marketing strategy is a very important thing for a company to do to develop and improve the quality of its products. This strategy can be carried out by any business, be it a large business, medium business, small business or micro business. In this research the author gave the title 'Analysis of Marketing Strategies Carried Out by Small Businesses'. The purpose of this research is to provide information to readers or entrepreneurs regarding the marketing strategies carried out by the Dgilangemil business. From the research, readers and entrepreneurs can take examples of what the Dgilangemil small business did in developing their business which they started from zero until their business began to be known by many people using the marketing strategy of SWOT Analysis and Marketing Mix. In this research the author used a qualitative descriptive research method. Qualitative research is a research process carried out by observing and investigating a phenomenon that occurs and producing descriptive data. In this research, the author conducted observations, interviews and documentation with the owner of this business, namely Dea Puspita, which was carried out on December 11 2023 at the production site in the city of Langkat.

Implementing innovative business models has been the key to success for many start-ups in the e-commerce industry. One example is the Bukalapak application which has achieved extraordinary success in a relatively short time. In this abstract, we will discuss the implementation of an innovative business model that is behind Bukalapak's success in facing fierce competition in the e-commerce industry. Bukalapak is an electronic trading platform that is one of the main players in the Indonesian market. In an effort to win competition in this tight industry, Bukalapak has implemented several innovative business models that differentiate itself from its competitors. This feature is different from other e-commerce platforms because it bridges gold trading directly between consumers without intermediaries. This provides additional flexibility and security for consumers who wish to invest or transact with gold. Bukalapak's success in implementing this innovative business model has been proven through the growth of active users of its application, increased transaction turnover, and increased market value. This success reflects the importance of implementing innovative business models in facing competition in the current e-commerce industry.