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South Kalimantan has a natural environment with abundant natural resource potential. Disclosure of the reality of Banjar people's lives in the social and natural environment is depicted through literary works. Most of the natural resources in the Kalimantan region are used to prepare traditional food for the Banjar people. This research aims to represent the natural environment through the traditional food of the Banjar people. This research method is descriptive qualitative with Garrard's literary ecological approach. The data source for this research is the Kisdap Guru Hanyar by Hatmiati Mas'ud which is contained in Pilanggur: Salusin Kisdap Banjar. The data for this research are words, phrases, dialogues, sentences or interviews that allude to traditional Banjar food to represent the natural environment of Kalimantan. The results of this research reveal 1) the residence shows a strategic location for growing various types of plants as ingredients for processed food or traditional Banjar dishes such as gangan (vegetables), 2) animals including various types of fish that live in Kalimantan waters are used as a staple food source Banjar people mainly use side dishes. The various types of fish that are easy to find also represent the aquatic environment of Kalimantan.

Indonesia needs get rid of terrorism For forever . Journal This aiming For describe and analyze with use approach various effort countermeasures crime terrorism in Indonesia. Methods research used​ in study This use approach qualitative descriptive For serve description about terrorism and some strategy For to fight crime This is in Indonesia. Formulation problem based on description background back on top is as following : what just factor crime terrorism in Indonesia and how method overcome crime terrorism in Indonesia. Terrorism is disturbing phenomenon . Efforts​ countermeasures crime terrorism committed​ Government implemented through effort repressive . There are five factors that cause crime terrorism in Indonesia, namely : ethnicity , nationalism / separatism , poverty and inequality and globalization , non-democracy , violations dignity humans and religious radicalism .

Writing in English is an important skill for students to acquire, yet many students experience difficulties.  This study aims to identify the strategies teachers use in planning English writing lessons and understand the barriers faced during planning. Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected through observation, interviews with teachers, and document analysis. The results showed that using a scientific approach and visual aids, such as graphs, was very effective in teaching writing. However, teachers face challenges in adjusting materials to students' diverse abilities such as time constraints, and students' lack of motivation.  However, teachers have to adapt the materials to students' varying ability levels, lack of enthusiasm, and time constraints. This research provides important information for educators to help them create and implement more successful writing classes and motivate students to take an active role in their education. As a result, it is expected that students can improve their writing ability.

This study aims to identify how to understand the characteristics of students through the implementation of the School Field Introduction Activity Program at SMAS PGRI Maumere, as well as analyze the attitude of students during class hours and outside of class hours. This research uses a qualitative method with a narrative approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews with resource persons, while secondary data was collected from relevant references such as journals and theses related to learner characteristics. The data collection techniques used included interviews and observations. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results show that learning ability, individual potential, the surrounding environment, the use of interesting learning techniques, and effective teaching methods are important aspects in the education process. In addition, students showed the ability to maintain positive relationships and mutual respect both inside and outside the classroom.

The researching in this thesis was motivated by the existence of problems with student at mtsn 5 pasaman Students realize that in teaching this language students will not be interested in learning Arabic if they do not use an approach or model in their learning, Not all students actively participate in this project-based learning model, Lack of resources such as textbooks and technology in implementing the project-basedlearning model ,Difficulty in time management, because project-based learning requires time for planning, implementation. The research methodology studied by researchers used qualitative methods. The qualitative method is research that attempts to reveal the natural or realistic conditions that exist at that location. Qualitative research not only collects individual variables, but these variables can be linked to other variables. This research, the researcher used a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study type, namely research that describes a social event and certain situations that are described correctly using words. Results show that the challenges of the project-based learning model process: learning Arabic through a project-based model at SMP Islam Negeri 5 Pasaman faces many challenges, including: The diversity of students' basic abilities middle school students have varying knowledge and abilities in Arabic. Difficulty in time management .The time allocated for learning Arabic at SMP Negeri 5 Basaman is generally limited, so it can be a challenge to complete projects that take a long time because project-based learning requires time for planning, implementation and evaluation, Availability of learning resources.

Tanjung Pinang City, with its natural resource potential in the form of bauxite ore, has experienced problems related to illegal mining activities (PETI) involving CV. Tri Karya Abadi. This case began with a report by PT Kemayan Bintan regarding theft and land grabbing in 2009. Investigations showed that CV. Tri Karya Abadi, despite having a limited permit, carried out exploitation outside the permitted area, utilizing heavy equipment and manipulative methods to obtain maximum profit. These activities resulted in the export of large amounts of bauxite to foreign countries. The investigation by the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Tanjung Pinang Police faced procedural obstacles, but succeeded in determining the main suspect and documenting the violations through the Investigation Report (BAP). In its resolution, this case dragged various parties with the application of sanctions based on Law No. 4 of 2009. An important lesson from this case is the need for synergy between the community, the police, and related agencies to prevent and take firm action against illegal mining activities. Consistent law enforcement with a multi-door system approach is key to protecting the environment and ensuring legal compliance.

This research investigates the relationship between public service motivation (PSM) and employee performance (EP) within public sector organizations. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes quantitative data from employee surveys and qualitative insights from interviews with public sector employees. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between PSM and EP, indicating that employees who are motivated by a desire to serve the public tend to exhibit higher performance levels. Additionally, the research identifies key factors that enhance this relationship, including organizational support, leadership styles, and job design. The study highlights the importance of fostering a motivating work environment to improve employee performance in the public sector. Based on these findings, recommendations for future research and practical implications for public sector management are provided, emphasizing the need for targeted training programs and employee engagement strategies. This research contributes to the understanding of how intrinsic motivations can drive performance outcomes in public service settings.

This article examines the history and development of the Islamization of education in Indonesia. This study aims to analyse Islamisation of education through Islamic education by looking at historical data that shape the patterns and characteristics of Islamic education in Indonesia, as well as identifying critical points that influence the direction of its development. The research uses the theory of historical institutionalism. Through a literature study with a qualitative approach, the research reveals that the development of Islamic education in Indonesia followed a strong path dependence pattern, where decisions in the colonial and early independence periods shaped a relatively stable institutional path. The findings show that the process of educational Islamization underwent institutional layering, where new elements were added without completely erasing the old structure. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of institutional change in the context of Islamic education in Indonesia.

This study aims to explore the Role of Islamic Education-Based Schools in the Formation of Religious Character in Nadwah Kindergarten focusing on the current large population in Indonesia and the rampant criminal acts and government programs through laws with the aim of research 1). describe the formation of religious character in Nadwah Kindergarten, 2). To describe the role of Islamic Education-Based Schools in the Formation of Religious Character in Nadwah Kindergarten 3). To describe the driving and inhibiting factors in the Formation of Religious Character in Nadwah Kindergarten. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, qualitative research methods are also called naturalistic research methods because the research is conducted in very natural conditions (natural settings). Data collection through participatory observation, structured and unstructured interviews. documentation study using tools: observation guides, interview guidelines, data validation using Triangulation (sources), confirmability and dependability and analysis using reduction, data presentation and Drawing Conclusions The informants in this study were one Principal and two class teachers. The results of this study show 1). The formation of religious character in Nadwah Kindergarten has so far been running but has not been optimal through several habits that have been carried out, this is due to the different backgrounds of each family. Through the habit of saying hello to parents and teachers when saying goodbye and coming, then when entering the class, so far it has been going well. Dhuha prayer is performed once a month, but for memorizing the readings of obligatory prayers and ablution there is and memorizing short letters An-nas to At-takasur. 2). The role of Islamic education-based schools in the formation of religious character in kindergarten is very important because at this stage children are in a period of character formation that is very vulnerable and has a major influence on their development in the future. 3). these supporting and inhibiting factors and taking the necessary steps to strengthen children's character education. Collaboration between all stakeholders, including teachers, school staff, parents, and the community, is also important in building an environment that supports the formation of positive character for children in kindergarten.

The Constitutional Court (MK) has a strategic role in maintaining the stability of the Indonesian constitutional system through its main function as a guardian of the constitution. This article aims to analyze the influence of the Constitutional Court on constitutional stability, both through legal testing of the 1945 Constitution, the resolution of authority disputes between state institutions, and through supervision of the implementation of elections. Using a normative juridical approach, this article reveals that the Constitutional Court has made a significant contribution in maintaining balance between state institutions, ensuring electoral justice, and upholding the supremacy of the constitution. Nevertheless, challenges such as the independence of judges and the implementation of judgments remain issues that require attention. This article recommends strategic steps to enhance the role of the Constitutional Court in strengthening the stability of Indonesia's constitutional system.

Structural transformation is an important process in the economic development of a country. In Indonesia, the plan to move the National Capital City (IKN) from Jakarta to Nusantara in East Kalimantan is one of the strategic steps in accelerating structural transformationThe methodology used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of the study show that the acceleration of structural transformation through the development of IKN has a significant impact on the formation of a new economic base and increasing Indonesia's competitiveness. The formation of a new economic base in IKN can be seen from the emergence of technology and innovation-based industrial clusters. The impact on national competitiveness can be seen from the increase in productivity and innovation capacityThe analysis of the acceleration of structural transformation through the development of the IKN shows a fundamental change in Indonesia's economic base. The development of IKN as a smart forest city accelerates structural transformation through three main mechanisms. The impact on the formation of a new economic base can be seen from the shift in the economic structure in the IKN area and its surroundings. Structural transformation is also reflected in changes in the composition of the workforce and investment patterns. The impact analysis on Indonesia's competitiveness shows a significant increase in several dimensions

Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic country in the world, has enormous fisheries potential with a sea area of 5.8 million km². The fisheries sector contributes significantly to the national economy, but faces serious challenges in the form of illegal fishing practices, the use of environmentally damaging fishing gear, and weak law enforcement. This research aims to analyze the role of law and professional ethics in supporting the sustainability of the fisheries sector. A normative approach is used by examining primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that Law No. 45/2009 on Fisheries has provided a strong legal basis, but its implementation is constrained by weak coordination between institutions and limited monitoring infrastructure. On the other hand, the application of professional ethics by entrepreneurs is still not optimal, with many cases of using illegal fishing gear and injustice to small fishermen.

The ability to speak is a vital aspect of human life, involving the interplay between cognitive processes and the function of speech organs, such as the vocal cords, tongue, teeth, lips, and oral cavity. The articulation process enables humans to produce intelligible sounds for effective communication. This study aims to explore the anatomical, physiological, and phonetic roles of speech organs in generating, varying, and comprehending language sounds, particularly in the context of foreign language learning. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, with data gathered through interviews, literature reviews, and document analysis. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the connection between speech organ use and linguistic phenomena such as phonological structures, dialects, accents, and variations. Furthermore, it examines the significance of speech organs in phonetics and phonology learning for both native and second-language learners. The findings contribute to theoretical and applied linguistic studies, especially in phonetic, phonological, and language education analysis.

Planning effective English reading lessons is a complex task for teachers because of challenges such as variations in student ability levels, limited resources, and time constraints. This research aims to identify the main challenges teachers face in planning reading lessons, including improving students' reading comprehension, adjusting the level of support to students' abilities, and implementing reading strategies.  The research method used is qualitative, with data collection through semi-structured interviews with teachers from various levels of education. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify main patterns and themes.  The research results show that teachers face challenges in managing the diversity of students' reading abilities, selecting reading materials that are interesting and culturally relevant, and integrating technology into learning. Additionally, appropriate assessments for English Language Learners (ELL) students and the need to provide emotional support to students are also challenges. Limited professional training and resources contribute to this situation.  This research also concludes that successful learning to read English requires a multifaceted approach that includes learning adjustments, teacher training, collaboration, and access to a variety of reading materials. By providing adequate support for teachers, these obstacles can be overcome, so that reading learning becomes more effective and inclusive.

This research aims to explore the causes, impacts and solutions related to spelling errors in written messages in more depth. With the advancement of technology, spelling mistakes can occur both unintentionally and intentionally, influenced by factors such as technological features, user habits, and social context. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method because this approach allows researchers to explore the phenomenon of spelling mistakes in written messages in depth and contextually. The results show that spelling errors are often caused by inaccurate autocorrect features, small keyboard size, and time pressure when sending messages. In formal contexts, spelling errors can lower the credibility of the message sender and cause confusion in comprehension. To reduce such errors, this study recommends the development of smarter autocorrect systems and digital literacy education to improve the quality of communication.

This research examines legal protection of workers' rights in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative and normative approach, analyzing applicable labor law. Even though Indonesia has a comprehensive legal framework, there is still a gap between regulation and implementation. This research identifies three main aspects of legal protection: economic, social, and technical. This study also found barriers to implementation, including regulatory factors, culture and company capabilities. This research recommends the government's active role in improving regulations, supervision and law enforcement, as well as building awareness of all parties regarding the responsibilities and roles of individuals in building harmonious and just industrial relations

Human identity is a complex and dynamic concept, formed through interactions within society and influenced by various factors, with culture as the main element in its formation. Culture includes outward elements such as language, clothing, and food, as well as values, norms, and belief systems that shape an individual's outlook on life and behavior. The process of cultural socialization that begins at birth through family, education and mass media plays an important role in shaping one's identity, both individually and collectively. This research aims to explore the role of culture in the formation of human identity, focusing on the influence of local and global cultures and cultural elements such as language, religion, and cultural symbols. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study, which collects data from written sources, including journal articles and books, to examine the relationship between culture and identity. The results show that culture has a fundamental role in shaping human identity, with cultural socialization as the main process in internalizing values and norms that shape behavior and outlook on life. In addition, globalization affects the dynamics of identity, creating the phenomenon of hybrid identities that reflect the fusion of local and global cultures.

Education plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's personality and character, including through character education that instills moral and ethical values. Character education in Kindergarten (TK) is very important in forming the foundational personality of children, such as responsibility, discipline, and respect for others. Teachers play a key role in instilling civic disposition (citizenship attitude) by integrating Pancasila values into the learning process. This study aims to describe the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers in instilling civic disposition at TK Peupado Malanuza. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation and interviews. The results show that teachers implement civic disposition through activities such as making a Garuda eagle collage, singing the national anthem, and recognizing national symbols, which aim to instill Pancasila values. Teachers also emphasize discipline through activities such as tidying up toys and working together in group tasks. This study demonstrates that the implementation of civic disposition has successfully shaped the children’s character, instilling discipline, responsibility, and love for the country. For sustainability, teachers need to conduct evaluations and involve parents in supporting the values taught.

This dedication to the community aims to design an effective integrated marketing strategy to enhance brand awareness and sales of Smoothies Fruits, a small business producing fresh smoothies without added sugar or preservatives. By employing an Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) approach, this research analyzes market conditions, identifies target audiences, and develops appropriate communication strategies. The results of the social media campaign showed increased reach, impressions, and engagement, successfully attracting new customers. This study provides guidance for small businesses in formulating more focused and effective marketing strategies to improve competitiveness in an increasingly challenging market.

The purpose of this community service is focused on the revitalization of kindergartens in rural areas as an effort to stimulate public interest in early childhood education. This upgraded kindergarten is believed to be able to increase students' motivation and interest in learning. The method used in this study is based on a descriptive approach to identify problems in the target area. Data was collected using qualitative methods including interviews and field observations. The data was then analyzed to be used as a basis for decision making and choosing the right actions to address the problem. Practical application, kindergarten revitalization plays a major role in children's learning experiences. These spaces provide comfortable outdoor activities and act as learning stimuli for children to gain knowledge about nature. Furthermore, attractive landscapes can encourage people to enroll their children in early childhood education. The conclusion of this community service aims to revitalize kindergartens to create comfortable outdoor spaces and act as learning aids for students. This service has succeeded in providing a better landscape for kindergartens that contributes to a broader student learning experience. A more attractive view gives the school a new look to attract public interest in early childhood education.