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International conflicts significantly impact maritime tourism development in Southeast Asia, a region rich in natural marine beauty and essential to the regional economy. Destructive international disputes, including geopolitical tensions and naval security threats, can significantly disrupt the regional stability on which tourism is built. Although maritime tourism in Southeast Asia continues to show post-pandemic growth, conflict risk remains a significant challenge that could affect traveler confidence and hinder the sector's contribution to regional GDP. The impact of international conflicts on the development of maritime tourism in Southeast Asia is analyzed in this research using a qualitative approach and literature study method. Journals, articles, and reports were reviewed to understand how geopolitical tensions and maritime security threats affect the tourism sector. The study utilizes conflict theory to explain the dynamics of conflict escalation and the application of resolution efforts in this context. Therefore, the potential disruption of maritime tourism development by ongoing conflicts in the Southeast Asian region is highlighted. The sustainability of the industry relies on security stability, and regional cooperation is crucial in mitigating the negative impact of conflict on the economic sector.

The study aims to measure the information content of the accounting profits of banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as the sample included 10 banks for a period of 4 years (2016-2019). The study concluded that banks that have a high explanatory ability reflect greater stability in the stock price, which would reassure Investors and stakeholders, thus reducing dispersion and fluctuations in the stock price, while banks with weak explanatory power show higher volatility in the stock price, which indicates additional risks that increase the fluctuation in investor returns, and the influencing factors have a major role in enhancing or reducing the information content of profits. Which explains the discrepancy between banks, and the study recommended the need to enhance the quality of financial disclosure, especially banks with weak explanatory capacity, increase transparency, and work to enhance the informational content of profits, which in turn increases investors’ confidence in accounting information, as well as encouraging banks to strengthen their internal control systems, which helps in Reducing accounting errors and the accuracy of declared profits, thus stabilizing the share price. Strengthening the administrative capabilities of executive managers contributes significantly to enhancing the informational content of profits by allocating the company’s available resources efficiently and effectively.

This study aims to compare the bankruptcy application procedures between State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) and Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD). Bankruptcy is a condition that significantly impacts economic stability, both nationally and regionally. In this case, both types of enterprises are regulated by different regulations but with similar underlying principles. Therefore, this research examines the differences and similarities in bankruptcy procedures for BUMN and BUMD, as well as the authority each possesses in the bankruptcy application process. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of harmonizing regulations governing bankruptcy procedures to ensure the coherence of the prevailing legal system. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. This research reveals that although there are similarities in objectives, significant procedural differences require adjustments to create uniformity and legal certainty in resolving bankruptcy issues for both types of enterprises.

Optimizing the performance of Linux-based operating systems for IoT applications in the trading sector is an important strategy in improving operational efficiency and competitiveness. This study explores Linux optimization techniques that can be applied to IoT systems to improve the speed, stability, and security of applications in the trading environment. This research method is carried out using descriptive qualitative through interviews, literature studies and observations. This study focuses on resource management and the implementation of advanced security features. Case studies on several real implementations show that by applying optimization techniques, such as process priority settings and routine updates, system performance can be significantly improved. The results of the study show that proper optimization can reduce system latency, increase data output, and strengthen security, which ultimately supports the success of IoT applications in the trading sector.    

This research aims to determine the influence of Islamic banking financial ratios in the form of Return on Assets (ROA) Ratio, Non Performing Financing (NPF) Ratio, Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on the Operational Cost-Operational Income Ratio (BOPO) at Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia.  This research uses a quantitative approach with sample data totaling 7 (seven) sharia commercial banks out of 13 (thirteen) sharia commercial bank populations registered with the Financial Services Authority. Research data uses secondary data for the annual period in the period 2010 - 2023. By using the ARDL (Autoreggressive Distributed Lag) panel model using the PMG (Pooled Mean Group) method, the research results show that in the panel, it turns out that the Leading Indicator is the effectiveness of the variable in controlling the BOPO Ratio at Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia is Return on Assets (ROA), where ROA significantly influences the BOPO Ratio at Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Aceh Syariah, Bank Riau Kepri Syariah, Bank Jabar Banten Syariah, Bank Mega Syariah, and Bank NTB Syariah, with stable positions in the short and long term. Of the 7 (seven) Sharia Commercial Banks that are the objects of research, there are 4 (four) banks that are leading indicators of the effectiveness of sharia banking in influencing the stability of the BOPO ratio, namely: Bank Aceh Syariah, Bank Riau Kepri Syariah, Bank Jabar Banten Syariah, and Bank Mega Syariah through ROA, NPF, FDR, and TATO.  Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) is also capable of being a Leading Indicator of variable effectiveness to influence the BOPO Ratio at Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Aceh Syariah, Bank Riau Kepri Syariah, Bank BCA Syariah, Bank Jabar Banten Syariah, Bank Mega Syariah, and Bank NTB Syariah, However, its position is unstable in the short and long term.

To strengthen the characteristics of Islamic banking and increase its contribution to the national economy, OJK developed a unique Islamic product called Cash Waqf Linked Deposit (CWLD). This research aims to investigate the effects of CWLD empowerment programs on the welfare of beneficiaries, financial inclusion, social participation, and spiritual growth, aligning with the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah. These principles focus on poverty eradication, social justice, and economic welfare through Hifze deen (faith preservation), Hifze maal (wealth preservation), and providing the poor with access to productive resources like education, training, and credit. The study examines OJK's initiative to enhance Islamic bank participation in cash waqf management for sustainable finance and broader objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah.  In-depth interviews with seven key figures (two donors, three waqf institution representatives, and two managers) are analyzed using NVivo software.  The findings reveal a high level of alignment between the proposed CWLD product design and stakeholder expectations. This strong alignment underscores the product's capacity to meet the objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah, such as poverty eradication, social justice, and economic welfare. By addressing these fundamental Islamic principles, the CWLD product contributes to sustainable finance, ensuring that financial activities support long-term economic stability, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability.  

The purpose of this study is to develop a predictive model to predict the trend of the emas price over time and to investigate how this affects important economic variables. As a popular commodity that is regarded as a safe refuge for investments, changes in the price of emas can have a significant impact on a number of economic indicators, such as inflation, consumer spending, and investment decisions. Compiling historical data on emas prices, macroeconomic variables, and other related topics is a component of research methodology. Regression analysis and ARIMA modeling are two methods of deret waktu analysis that can be used to create an andal model of problems. The model's predictive accuracy is then determined by using appropriate statistical metrics. This study's findings provide new and important information about the factors influencing changes in the price of emas and how they affect the economy as a whole. The model that is being used can be used by investors, financial institutions, and policymakers to predict gold price movements and make informed decisions to mitigate risks and capitalize on opportunities. The implications of this research extend all the way to the emas market since it increases our understanding of the close relationship between commodity prices and economic dynamics. The knowledge gained can help create more comprehensive investment and economic policies, which will eventually affect the stability of the economy and economic growth.

Nindy Pertiwi, 2024. "Analysis of Financial Statements as a Basis for Evaluating Financial Performance: A Case Study of PT. Artha Lestari Engineering." Supervised by Johanis dan Meldilians NJ Lenas. This study aims to analyze financial statements to assess the financial performance of PT. Artha Lestari Engineering. Data were collected from PT. Artha Lestari Engineering's financial statements for the period 2019-2023 using a financial ratio analysis approach. The results of the ratio analysis reveal that the liquidity ratio initially experienced a significant decline but improved in the final year. Although the liquidity ratio remains high, the initial decline indicates challenges in liquidity management. The solvency ratios remain low, indicating a reliance on equity rather than debt, with fluctuations in these ratios reflecting the stability of this reliance. Activity ratios show stability with slight decreases, while Inventory Turnover and Receivable Turnover experienced fluctuations and declines, respectively. Profitability performance increased significantly, reflecting improvements in operational efficiency and profitability during the study period.

The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method for solving the 1-D heat diffusion equation offers an efficient approach for resolving partial differential equations (PDEs) with various time steps . FFT is used to transform the 1-D heat diffusion equation into the frequency domain and back to the time domain through inverse FFT. Using mathematical modeling with initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions, the numerical solutions produced by FFT are compared with analytical solutions. The accuracy of the method is validated using MAE and MSE calculated in Matlab. At several time intervals , the obtained MAE and MSE values indicate a good agreement between the numerical and analytical solutions, with very small errors. Numerical stability analysis confirms the reliability of the FFT method across various  The variation in time step  has a significant impact on the accuracy and stability of the solution. Smaller time steps improve accuracy and stability but require longer computation times. The optimal time step selected in this study is  Increasing the number of discretization points  also enhances accuracy but implies an increase in computational load and memory usage. The FFT method demonstrates good numerical consistency with increasing  

Lemahduwur Hamlet in Sitirejo Village, Wagir District, Malang Regency has a community life with a variety of cultural riches and various types of points of view within it. The life of a pluralistic society is threatened by negative urban culture which can affect the lifestyle of the people there, especially among young people. The Adhimukti Abyakta Young People's Group, as a driving force for young people's activity in the socio-cultural field, carries out the hopes of local residents to continue to provide color and maintain stability amidst the life of the plural society there. The purpose of writing this article is as a form of concrete evidence of community service activities that have been carried out by one of the Malang State University community service teams. This research uses a participatory method, which means it places greater emphasis on active participation from the local community, both from the Sitirejo Village government, Lemahduwur Hamlet community leaders and the Adhimukti Abyakta youth group. The concept of service is carried out by collaborating between the service team and the core management of the Adhimukti Abyakta Youth Group to provide encouragement for innovative activities for all members of the Adhimukti Abyakta Youth Group which can be used as a concrete step for the stability of plural society in Lemahduwur Hamlet. All service activities are organized into a program called "Rerukun" which includes organizational management, interactive workshops between youth and community leaders, humanitarian projects in the form of nature studies, and organizing festivals in Lemahduwur Hamlet. It is hoped that this activity will be able to empower the Adhimukti Abyakta Youth Group in terms of internal strengthening of the group, solving problems for local youth and efforts to maintain the stability of plural society in Lemahduwur Hamlet, Sitirejo Village, Malang Regency.

Lemahduwur Hamlet in Sitirejo Village, Wagir District, Malang Regency has a community life with a variety of cultural riches and various types of points of view within it. The life of a pluralistic society is threatened by negative urban culture which can affect the lifestyle of the people there, especially among young people. The Adhimukti Abyakta Young People's Group, as a driving force for young people's activity in the socio-cultural field, carries out the hopes of local residents to continue to provide color and maintain stability amidst the life of the plural society there. The purpose of writing this article is as a form of concrete evidence of community service activities that have been carried out by one of the Malang State University community service teams. This research uses a participatory method, which means it places greater emphasis on active participation from the local community, both from the Sitirejo Village government, Lemahduwur Hamlet community leaders and the Adhimukti Abyakta youth group. The concept of service is carried out by collaborating between the service team and the core management of the Adhimukti Abyakta Youth Group to provide encouragement for innovative activities for all members of the Adhimukti Abyakta Youth Group which can be used as a concrete step for the stability of plural society in Lemahduwur Hamlet. All service activities are organized into a program called "Rerukun" which includes organizational management, interactive workshops between youth and community leaders, humanitarian projects in the form of nature studies, and organizing festivals in Lemahduwur Hamlet. It is hoped that this activity will be able to empower the Adhimukti Abyakta Youth Group in terms of internal strengthening of the group, solving problems for local youth and efforts to maintain the stability of plural society in Lemahduwur Hamlet, Sitirejo Village, Malang Regency.

The increasing demand for sustainable and reliable energy solutions in remote and off-grid communities has led to the exploration of hybrid bio-solar renewable energy systems. This paper examines the implementation of a hybrid bio-solar system with energy storage to improve microgrid stability and support local sustainability. By combining biomass and solar power with energy storage, the system provides a reliable, clean, and cost-effective energy supply, addressing intermittency and enhancing grid resilience. The research covers system design, power flow simulation, voltage and frequency stability, and both economic and environmental analyses to assess system effectiveness. The results show that the hybrid bio-solar system significantly improves energy reliability, reduces carbon emissions, and offers a more stable energy supply compared to diesel or grid-based systems. The system's scale and configuration are crucial in optimizing cost-effectiveness, with larger systems yielding better long-term benefits. Local community involvement is key to managing and maintaining the system, ensuring its sustainability. Compared to other renewable energy hybrids like wind-solar or solar-diesel, the bio-solar system offers superior reliability and cost-efficiency, especially where biomass is abundant. The paper concludes with recommendations for scaling these systems and emphasizes the importance of supportive policies for accelerating sustainable energy transitions.

The filler in asphalt concrete layers usually uses Portland cement, whose raw materials are limestone and clay, these resources are limited and cannot be renewed. Therefore, teak wood charcoal can be an alternative filler. Charcoal contains non-polar carbon compounds, such as asphalt, which have adhesive properties to hold different particles together. So, in this research, it is hoped that teak wood charcoal can be used as a filler in accordance with the General Specifications of Bina Marga 2018 Revision 2. This research uses variations in filler levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. Based on the Marshall test results, the optimum asphalt content value was 6.40% and the optimum filler content value was 0.58%. The addition of teak charcoal as a filler increases the stability, Marshall Quotient, VIM and VMA values, but reduces the flow and VFA values. In conclusion, the addition of teak charcoal as a filler to the AC-WC mixture can increase the strength of the road pavement, but excessive use can make the road pavement porous and damaged.

Abstract Rainfall or discharge data is obtained from the river basin authority by conducting hydrological analysis using the Nakayashu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method to obtain the peak flood discharge and performing a dependable flow analysis (Q80%) using probability equations. On January 2, 2020 there was a flash flood that destroyed at least 1,410 houses, 30 bridges and hydraulic buildings located in the ciberang river flow among them is the PDAM row water intake structure. The need for hydrological studies to predict flood discharge as data needed in planning the stability of hydraulic building structures and determining the water surface elevation for intake operations. The results of the hydrological study of the Ciberang watershed obtained the design flood discharge values for specific return period of Q2 = 205,1 m3/s, Q5 = 340,5 m3/s, Q10 = 406,4 m3/s, Q25 = 475,6 m3/s, Q50 = 518,1 m3/s, Q100 = 549,6 m3/s. The estimated historical flash flood discharge that occurred in early 2020 in the ciberang river upstream of the Karian reservoir based on the testimony of residents as high as 8 meters is equivalent to the design discharge for Q25, which is 475.6 m³/s. The results of the dependable discharge (Q80%) calculations for the Ciberang watershed indicate that the minimum discharge occurs in September at 7.22 m³/s, while the maximum discharge occurs in February at 37.0 m³/s.   Keywords: Hidrology, Rainfall Plan, Flood Discharge Plan, Dependable Discharge.

This study aims to examine the influence of bounding (lompat kijang) and split squat jump training on sprint performance among Physical Education students at a university in Medan. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, involving ten participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that bounding exercises significantly improve stride length, movement coordination, and sprint acceleration. Meanwhile, the split squat jump contributes more to initial push-off strength, body stability, and lower-limb muscular endurance. Most participants reported that combining both exercises produces the most optimal sprint improvement, as it simultaneously trains horizontal and vertical power. Additionally, the combined training enhances running efficiency and increases participants’ confidence during short-distance sprinting. The study concludes that both plyometric exercises are effective and recommended for speed-training programs, particularly for students and beginner athletes seeking comprehensive sprint performance enhancement.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Articles of Association and Bylaws (AD/ART) in realizing an orderly and growing church. The Church as a spiritual and social organization needs an orderly system to achieve its ministry goals effectively and sustainably. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, data was collected through literature studies, observations, and interviews with leaders and congregation members in several local churches. The results of the study show that AD/ART plays a role as a structural guideline that regulates the duties, authorities, and responsibilities of the ministry, as well as as the foundation of ministry ethics that maintains integrity and order in the church body. In addition, AD/ART has also proven to be a strategic instrument in encouraging church growth through long-term planning, leadership regeneration, congregation participation, and accountable financial management. Consistent implementation of AD/ART creates organizational stability, strengthens the church's identity, and increases the trust and involvement of congregation members. Thus, AD/ART is a crucial element in the construction of a healthy, orderly, and sustainable growing church.

This study examines the dynamics of Christian families in navigating modern lifestyles, focusing on the congregation of GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang. Modernity characterized by digitalization, high mobility, economic pressure, and shifting social values has significantly influenced family communication patterns, emotional relationships, and spiritual formation within Christian households. The purpose of this study is to describe the changes experienced by congregational families in the context of modernity and to analyze the role of pastoral counseling as a relevant form of support for family well-being. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, limited observations, and a review of church documents. The findings indicate that Christian families face challenges such as declining communication quality, reduced family time, the pervasive influence of gadgets on daily interactions, and weakened spiritual disciplines. Furthermore, shifting parenting patterns and increasing psychological pressure also affect family stability. Within this context, pastoral counseling in GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang plays an essential role in providing spiritual, emotional, and practical guidance through empathetic, relational, and faith-based approaches. Pastoral care has proven effective in helping families realign life priorities, strengthen communication, and cultivate sustainable spiritual practices. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of enhancing structured family support programs in the church, improving pastoral leaders’ capacity as counselors, and encouraging families to develop healthy digital discipline to maintain relational and spiritual quality amid the demands of modern life.

This study analyzed the influence of five large personality dimensions—extraversion, friendliness, openness, caution, and emotional stability—on creativity and its implications on the performance of members of the amphibian and reptile-loving community in Surabaya. Using the quantitative approach and Likert questionnaire, the study found that openness and extraversion had a significant positive effect on creativity, which had an impact on improving the performance of community members. High creativity supports innovation in preservation, care, and education. These results suggest the importance of personality character management to encourage creativity and community effectiveness.

Renewable energy systems, particularly those incorporating solar and wind power, are prone to stability issues due to the intermittent and fluctuating nature of these energy sources. This paper investigates several nonlinear control techniques—namely, adaptive control, sliding mode control, and fuzzy logic control—that are designed to improve stability in renewable energy systems. Through simulations, we demonstrate how these methods can effectively reduce fluctuations and maintain stable energy output, offering a robust approach to enhancing the reliability of renewable energy systems.

The money supply can affect other economic variables, such as output and prices, create stability in the economy and help achieve the ultimate goal of monetary policy, namely the stability of inflation and exchange rates.  The level of the exchange rate by the monetary authority must be kept stable because an unstable exchange rate, especially one that experiences a sharp depreciation, can have financial crisis implications. This research approach was associative/quantitative research. The data used in this study are secondary data taken and processed from Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) from 2013-2023 (11 years). Based on the results of regression analysis shows that the variable money supply, exchange rates, and interest rates simultaneously affect the inflation variable. Based on the results of regression analysis shows that the variable money supply has a positive and significant effect on inflation. Based on the results of regression analysis, the exchange rate variable has a negative and significant effect on inflation. Based on the regression analysis, the interest rate variable has no statistical effect on inflation.