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This research attempted to analyze the impact of financial and economic shocks in a number of developing countries that are similar in terms of the size of the economy and the diversity of its economic structure, as well as the similarity in the quality of the exchange systems used to demonstrate the extent of the monetary authorities’ ability to target inflation in light of the occurrence of shocks of various types and forms during the research period, in addition to This is an indication of the extent of the diversity of the economy and its connection to those shocks, as the oil sector constitutes a large portion of the gross domestic product of the countries of the research sample, with this being lower for the Emirati economy, and this matter made the Iraqi economy to be more affected by the economic crises and shocks that occurred during the period of the study compared to other economies. Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, where the Saudi economy comes in second place in terms of being affected by these shocks, followed by the Emirati economy, which had the least impact. The research variables (inflation, public revenues, and gross domestic product) were also closely linked to the occurrence of both positive and negative financial and economic shocks. When countries face a positive economic shock, the economic situation in the sample countries improves, and the research variables tend to increase, and vice versa when those countries face a shock. Negative, taking into account the varying rates of impact and response, especially with the UAE economy.

The research aimed to Highlighting the International Accounting Standard No (1) Presentation of financial statements and Identify the concept of reliability of accounting information and The nature of financial fraud and the extent to which it can be reduced through documented accounting information. The research problem was as follows from the fact that any lack or deficiency in the reliability of the accounting information for the financial statements will reduce the degree of reliance on them, which affects those lists prepared by financial institutions (banks) operating in Iraq that failure to take the standard of presentation of financial statements No (1) will inevitably lead to the lack of credibility and reliability of accounting information, which results in misleading accounting outputs that will be a door to financial fraud in its various forms Hence. the main research problem can be crystallized by the following question:  Will enhancing the reliability of accounting information in accordance with Financial Statement Presentation Standard No (1) reduce financial fraud?. The research reached many conclusions, the most important of which are - The accounting information is presented in the form of accounting reports prepared in accordance with an accounting system called financial reports, as these reports are the final product of the accounting system for any economic unit because of its role in supplying and providing stakeholders in the economic unit with information that contributes to economic decision-making and that financial reports are a means of informing external parties benefiting from various financial information about the activities of the economic units issued by them. - The honesty of accounting information, impartiality and objectivity make the financial statements and reports reliable and credible, enabling users of various orientations to rely on them in making any of the financial decisions.

This research examines the implementation of musyarakah contracts in the Islamic banking system in Indonesia. The main focus of the study is to analyze the implementation mechanisms, challenges faced, and development strategies of musyarakah contracts. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, this research combines primary data from in-depth interviews with Islamic banking practitioners and secondary data from literature studies. The results show that although musyarakah contracts have great potential in realizing economic justice, their implementation still faces several obstacles, including operational complexity, risk management, and limited public understanding. This study finds that most musyarakah practices are in compliance with sharia principles, but still require improvements in aspects of risk sharing and loss management. The proposed development strategies include enhancing education, strengthening regulations, product innovation, and technology utilization. In conclusion, optimizing musyarakah contracts requires collaborative efforts from various stakeholders to overcome challenges and harness its potential in promoting fair partnership-based economic growth.

There are three issues studied in this thesis, namely: The role of Micro Business Productive Fund Assistance (BPUM) on the sustainability of MSMEs, procedures for distributing Micro Business Productive Fund Assistance (BPUM) to MSMEs, and maintaining business continuity during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to determine the role of Micro Business Productive Fund Assistance (BPUM) on the sustainability of MSMEs, to find out the procedures for distributing Micro Business Productive Fund Assistance (BPUM) on the sustainability of MSMEs and to find out how to maintain business continuity during the Covid-19 pandemic in the sub-district. Tungkal Ilir in 2020 and 2021. To reveal this problem in depth and comprehensively, researchers used a qualitative approach by collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is field analysis using the Miles and Huberman interactive model including data reduction, data display, data verification. From the research results, it can be concluded that the role and potential of BPUM are: The BPUM program will be a temporary buffer for micro businesses to reduce the negative impact of social restrictions/pandemic, encouragement to increase MSME data, accuracy of targeting of aid distribution and encouragement to BPUM beneficiaries related to licensing, certification and taxation systems. The procedures for distributing BPUM are listed in Chapter IV, Article 7 of the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2020 concerning General Guidelines for National Support for Economic Recovery in the context of threats that endanger the nation's economy and saving the national economy during the COVID-19 virus. And there are three factors that play a role in maintaining business continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely the ability to innovate, manage customers and return on investment.

Banking has an important role in the development and support of the country's economy, especially after the enactment of Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking. Islamic economics in Indonesia has now begun to be recognized and approved by the public, given the proliferation of Islamic-based banks making people understand the systems in Islamic economics. The establishment of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) in 1975 triggered the establishment of Islamic banks around the world including Indonesia. The birth of Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking is a guarantee for the existence and legal protection of Islamic banking after the last decade of its existence which only regulates one of the principles of profit sharing which does not definitively and comprehensively regulate bank activities based on sharia principles. The method used in this research uses qualitative research methods using interview, observation and documentation techniques. This type of research uses descriptive analysis. The development of Islamic economic law in the future must increasingly refer to the protection of the benefit of the people by using maqashid sharia as a methodology and perspective. To establish economic law that falls within the scope of muamalah fiqh, a comprehensive mastery of ushul fiqh is absolutely necessary, especially to find and determine the legal illat for ongoing economic practices. Failure to determine the illat leads to failure to master the source of the problem. The current Islamic economics only talks a lot about distribution and consumption, such as the distribution of money and capital claimed to be without usury and halal product certification, and does not appear to talk much about production and all aspects related to it, such as ownership of land, resources, capital and by the private sector and conglomerates, including the fulfillment of labor rights, destruction of nature by production activities, and so on. The determination of the illat and maqashid of sharia in the economic field is also expected to pay more attention to the material conditions in which unequal production relations between community groups have resulted in economic colonization and which are very detrimental to society, especially those who are in a weak position in terms of capital, resources and power.

The higher a person's financial literacy, the greater the level of utilisation of financial products and services. Expenditure management can take advantage of financial literacy so that it can maintain finances in meeting its needs, and good financial conditions will reflect economic growth that continues to increase. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of financial literacy on economic growth with indicators such as balance of payments, investment, total loans, savings, money supply and interest rates. With the vector autoregression (VAR) analysis method which results in that the balance of payment variable has a mutual effect on investment. Then investment and economic growth are also influenced by savings and money supply and affect interest rates and the amount of loans. So as to limit the risk of financial literacy failure in the financial system, it is necessary to increase financial risk with product innovation in the financial sector.

The artisanal shipping industry in Indonesia, particularly in Batam and Tanjungpinang, has experienced significant stagnation and decline due to the aging fleet and fleet extinction. The background of this study is based on the importance of the artisanal shipping industry in supporting the local and national maritime economy, as well as the major challenges facing the sector in maintaining efficient and sustainable operations. The purpose of this research is to analyze the juridical factors that cause the non-development of the people's shipping industry in the area, as well as identify legal measures that can support the development of this industry.  The research method applied combines normative and empirical approaches through case studies in Batam and Tanjungpinang. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with boat owners, fishermen, government officials, and maritime law experts, as well as analysis of relevant documents. The research integrates John Austin's positive law theory, Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory, and systems theory to analyze interactions within the maritime legal system. The results show that burdensome regulations, lack of access to financing, declining competitiveness, as well as environmental impacts and socio-economic factors are the main causes of the underdevelopment of the community shipping industry. Strict regulations and high operational costs make it difficult for small boat owners to comply with regulations, while limited access to financing hinders fleet rejuvenation and upgrades. An aging and inefficient fleet lowers the industry's competitiveness, and environmental pollution from old vessels worsens operating conditions. Suggestions include revising regulations to simplify and reduce administrative burdens, providing accessible financing and subsidy schemes, improving port infrastructure, and training and certification programs for ship owners and crew. In addition, international cooperation is also needed to adopt technology and best practices in the shipping industry. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to support the development of the small-scale shipping industry in Batam and Tanjungpinang, improve competitiveness, and make a greater contribution to Indonesia's maritime economy.    

Electronic Medical Records (RME) is an information system used to manage patient medical data electronically, which aims to improve the efficiency and quality of health services in hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of RME in hospitals using the PIECES model. The main focus of the research is on the dimensions of Performance, Information, Economics, Efficiency, and Control to identify the strengths and weaknesses of RME and provide recommendations for improvement. This research uses the Study Literature Review (SLR) method which involves collecting and critically analyzing relevant literature from scientific journals, articles and books. The collected data is evaluated based on the dimensions of the PIECES model to provide a comprehensive picture of RME implementation. The research results show that RME can improve data access speed, system response time, and accuracy of medical information, which supports better clinical decision making. Economically, RME helps reduce operational costs and improve work efficiency. However, challenges such as network reliability, data security, and interoperability still need to be overcome to achieve the full benefits of RME. Dimension Control highlights the importance of strict security policies and user training to ensure safe and effective use.

Industry is a form of all economic activities in the form of processing raw materials and utilizing resources that aim to produce goods that have benefits and more value. In Indonesia, the manufacturing industry sector experienced a rapid increase of 5.1%. Correspondingly, in 2017 around 13.7% or 380,000 deaths were caused by work accidents, while 86% or around 2.4 million deaths were due to occupational diseases. Based on the company's accident data, at PT Surya Mandiri Jaya Sakti, it increased in 2020 by 11%. In 2021, work accident cases increased to 12 cases. Meanwhile, the latest data from July 2022 to June 2023 has recorded 10 cases of work accidents. The implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3), is one of the important efforts in reducing the number of work accidents based on Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012. The type and design of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique uses observation by conducting semi-structured interviews, where the results will be tested for data validity using data triangulation techniques. The results showed that the implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) at PT Surya Mandiri Jaya Sakti based on Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012 at the initial level as many as 40 indicators out of a total of 64 indicators have been fulfilled, so that the percentage is 63% and those that have not been fulfilled are as follows.

Legislation function owned by DPD is still limited, it shows the weak position and role (position and function) of DPD when compared with DPR. DPD does not have the authority to form laws together with DPR and the President and has no authority in setting the state budget. The formulation of the problem in this study are: (1) How is the legislative function of the House of Regional Representatives in the formation of the Act? (2) What is the ratio of the legislative function of the House of Regional Representatives that is different from the House of Representatives? This research is a normative juridical research which can be interpreted as a library legal research conducted based on literature or secondary data. In other words, this research is library research (library reseach), meaning that this research is conducted by reading works related to the issues to be studied and then containing a study of the research. The results of research and discussion show that: (1) The legislative function of DPD has a major role in the formation of the Act at the stage of discussion and ratification. At the discussion stage, although its participation is limited to level 1, DPD provides input and consideration of the bill relating to regional autonomy, central-regional relations, and management of economic and natural resources. Furthermore, at the stage of ratification, a joint agreement between DPR and the President strengthens the status of the bill into law. Although DPD can provide input and consideration of some bills, the final decision remains in the hands of DPR. This confirms that the main role of DPD is more as an advisory body in the legislative process. DPR has greater power than DPD in the formation of the Act, with the authority to take the final decision. Thus, although DPD has an important role in certain aspects of the formation of the Act, the main power and final decision remains with DPR. (2) Comparison of legis ratio between DPD and DPR has different representation. DPD represents the interests of the region directly, while DPR represents the interests of the people through political parties. DPD is present to accommodate regional aspirations that are not always represented by DPR. This reflects that the legislative role of DPD has significant limitations. DPD should function as a mechanism of checks and balances in Indonesia's bicameral system. However, due to its limited authority, the implementation of this function has not been optimally realized. Thus, although DPD has an important role in representing regional aspirations, the differences in authority and rights between DPD and DPR cause their position to be unbalanced in the legislative process.

This thesis discusses the handling of criminal acts of using and circulating counterfeit rupiah banknotes, with a focus on law enforcement efforts by the Riau Islands Regional Police. This research is motivated by the increasing cases of counterfeit rupiah banknotes in the Riau Islands which cause significant losses to the community and threaten regional economic stability. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement carried out by local police, as well as to identify and overcome obstacles faced in the process. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies. The sample of this study consisted of police officers, legal experts, and victims of counterfeiting money. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques to interpret the collected data, based on the framework of the theory of legal certainty from Sudikno Mertokusumo, the theory of legal systems from Lawrence M. Friedman, and the theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). The results show that law enforcement against rupiah counterfeiting in the Riau Islands faces several major obstacles, including limited resources, inter-agency coordination problems, and a lack of adequate training for law enforcement officers.The suggestions resulting from this study include increasing the allocation of resources, both in the form of equipment and training for officers, as well as strengthening cooperation between institutions involved in law enforcement, to increase effectiveness in identifying, preventing, and cracking down on the crime of using and circulating counterfeit money.

Neo-feudalism Analisis Resepsi, Fariz Egia Gamal, Akar Permasalahan Di Dunia, Neo Feodalisme describes the resurgence of social and economic patterns resembling medieval feudalism in a modern context. This phenomenon is characterized by increasing social and economic inequality and the concentration of wealth and influence among a few individuals or groups, reflects a distribution structure similar to that implemented in the feudal system of the past. This study aims to analyze the audience reception of Gamal's YouTube content in the episode "Root Problems in the World." The research utilizes Stuart Hall's reception analysis methodology, with data collected through observation and documentation techniques. The analysis is based on three categories (Dominant Hegemonic Position, Negotiated Position, and Oppositional Position) of audience comments on Gamal's YouTube content in the episode "Root Problems in the World." The results show that out of 300 comments interpreting Gamal’s YouTube content in the episode "Root Problems in the World," 265 comments fall into the dominant hegemonic position, 30 comments fall into the negotiated position, and 5 comments fall into the oppositional position.

Since its establishment, Islamic banks have experienced growth, especially in Indonesia with the largest Muslim population in the world who want an interest-free economic system (riba). This study aims to determine the relationship between Service Quality and Trust on Customer Loyalty through Satisfaction as an intervening variable. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique of 97 respondents, with data collected through a Likert scale questionnaire. This study is quantitative and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM PLS) 4.0 method. The results of the analysis show that Service Quality and Trust have a significant effect on Satisfaction, Trust has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty, while Service Quality does not have a significant effect on Customer Loyalty, Satisfaction has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty, Satisfaction is able to mediate the effect of Service Quality and Trust on Customer Loyalty.

The implementation of democracy at the village level can be proof that political development in Indonesia has developed rapidly by involving local communities, so that they are able to carry out the functions of regional government power in order to achieve the goal of advancing and prospering people's lives. Non-voting behavior are a group of people who are unwilling and negligent in giving their voting rights in elections for various reasons, whether in legislative elections, regional elections, presidential elections or village head elections. Non-voting behavior are also called blanks or abstentions in elections that are limited to an organization, company or institution. Voter absence at an election is closely related to voter dissatisfaction or satisfaction. In Kote Village, non-voting behavior has a large number compared to other villages in Singkep Pesisir District. The existence of this phenomenon certainly has a cause for non-voting behavior by the Kote Village Community. The aim of this research is to determine the factors causing non-voting behavior in Kote Village, Lingga Regency and the main factors causing non-voting behavior in Kote Village, Lingga Regency. The research method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out through interviews with several informants who were related to the research. The results of the research show that the non-voting behavior carried out by the people of Kote Village is caused by several things, namely the attitude of the community who are less concerned about the ongoing Village Head Election which is based on the lack of influence of the Village Head Election on the community. Some communities find it difficult to contribute to village policy making and do not understand the ongoing village election system. Apart from that, there are people who believe that the Village Head candidate they support will win or lose in the ongoing Village Head Election so they feel there is no need to come to vote. However, the reason why most people in Kote Village do not vote is because of work factors that cannot be left behind due to economic needs and educational factors, especially students who study outside the area and are unable to return to Kote Village to carry out the Village Head election.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of green financing in sustainable financing for home industry players in Pematang Serai Village. Green financing is a financing scheme or lending to business actors that is environmentally friendly. Based on Government regulations to be able to receive financing with a green financing scheme. To achieve industrial, social and economic advantages to reduce the threat of global warming and prevent other environmental and social problems, the goal is to shift the goal to a competitive low-carbon economy, so that it can strategically promote environmental investment in various areas of business/economy. The research data is sourced from the results of interviews with industrial homes in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. as borrowers/customers of the Green Financing Program with the help of questionnaires so that the questions in the interview are more systematic. Sampling was carried out using proportionate random sampling technique. The data analysis used was: Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. The results of the study explained that green credit and green technology partially did not have a significant effect on green finance in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, while green product innovation partially had a significant effect on green finance in Pematang Serai Village, Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency.

This research is in the background that a balanced scorecard is a management system used to implement strategies, evaluate performance not only from financial aspects, but also involving non-financial aspects. In addition, a balanced scorecard is used to convey the company's vision, strategy, and performance expectations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the Prambon Health Center seen using the balanced scorecard method. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach and is conducted at the Prambon Health Center. The results of this study show that the performance of the Prambon Health Center is measured by the balanced scorecard method from a financial perspective on the economic and efficiency ratios in 2021 to 2023 showing good results, and on the effectiveness ratio seen in 2021 to 2023 showing poor results. From a customer perspective, measured using customer satisfaction from 2021 to 2023, it shows good results. From an internal business perspective measured using the ALOS indicator seen from 2021 to 2023 shows good results, The BOR indicator seen in 2021 to 2023 shows poor results, the TOI indicator seen in 2021 to 2023 shows poor results, and the BTO indicator seen in 2021 to 2023 shows good results. The conclusion from the data analysis from the Prambon Health Center measured using a balanced scorecard for the period from 2021 to 2023 is always increasing every year. In 2021 it showed quite good results, in 2022 it showed good results, and in 2023 it showed good results.

Indonesia as one of the developing countries that Pancasila economic system must utilize new digital technologies to improve its economy, improve its economiy. This research aims to understand the role of e-commerce in improving people’s walfare in the digital era. It explores how the digital economy has impacted the growth of online commerce businesses in Indonesia over the past five years and examines the digital strategies adopted by e-commerce companies to improve  operational efficiency and customer service. Operational efficiency and customer service. The study highlights the contribution of leading platforms such as Shopee and Tokopedia, which are use advanced digital marketing tehcniques, user-friendly interfaces and strong security measures to build trust, and strong security measures to build consumer trust and increase engagement. Financial technology (fintech) also plays an important role in supporting e-commerce by enabling transaction role in supporting e-commerce by enabling secure transactions, efficient transactions, and expanding access to financial services. In summary, the growth of combined internet usage, e-commerce, and fintech in Indonesia highlights the country’s significant strides in developing a dynamic digital economy. The country’s significant strides in developing a vibrant digital economy. These advancement are diving economic growth, enhancing financial inclusion, and transform the shopping experience, thereby improving the overall economic well-being of society as a whole in the digital age    

Fraud through cheque securities is a form of economic crime that harms many parties, both individuals and financial institutions. The background of this problem is the increasing number of fraud cases involving blank checks in Batam City, which causes significant financial losses and reduces public confidence in these payment instruments. This study aims to analyze the role of investigators in eradicating fraud through cheque securities, with a focus on the Barelang Police Criminal Investigation unit. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach, involving analysis of primary and secondary data in the form of interviews with investigators, literature reviews, and document studies related to check fraud cases in the jurisdiction of the Barelang Police. The results of the study show that investigators have a crucial role in handling fraud cases through cheque securities, starting from receiving reports and complaints, collecting and securing evidence, to preparing case files for prosecution. However, there are several obstacles that reduce the effectiveness of investigations, such as lack of resources, lack of specialization in financial crimes, and limited access to information. To overcome these obstacles, this study provides several recommendations, including increasing the capacity and expertise of investigators through ongoing training, increasing budgets and technological resources, and strengthening cooperation between investigators and other financial institutions and law enforcement. The suggestions put forward in this study are that police investigators should improve internal and external coordination to speed up the investigation process, other law enforcers such as prosecutors and judges should increase collaboration with investigators to ensure a fair and transparent judicial process, and the public, especially victims of cheque fraud, should be educated on the steps to be taken when becoming victims of fraud. With the implementation of this recommendation, it is hoped that the handling of fraud cases through check securities can be more effective and public trust in the justice system can increase.

The Indonesian state is a state based on law (rechstaats) not a state based on force or arbitrariness. Therefore, everything related to state activities from an economic, political, social and cultural perspective will be regulated by law. This research uses an empirical juridical research method using qualitative techniques and the approach method used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach using literature studies and interviews. The promulgation of the Job Creation Law and Government Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning the Authorized Capital of Companies and Registration of Establishment, Changes and Dissolution of Companies which have requirements for UMK are currently known, namely that an Individual Company can be established by 1 person. Obstacles: Individual companies must comply with complex regulations related to data privacy, consumer protection and taxes in the digital era. Solution: Have a strong understanding of applicable regulations and ensure internal systems and processes comply with required compliance standards. Regularly update policies and procedures to ensure ongoing compliance.

Urban sustainability presents considerable challenges, especially in the management of energy and wastewater treatment systems. Rapid urbanization intensifies the demand for water and energy, leading to increased pressure on existing infrastructure and resources. Wastewater management is essential for urban water sustainability, as untreated wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks. Moreover, wastewater treatment processes are energy-intensive, complicating the balance between environmental goals and energy consumption. To address these challenges, integrating decentralized renewable energy systems, such as solar, biogas, and wind, with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) offers a promising solution. This integration can reduce reliance on centralized power grids, enhance energy self-sufficiency, and promote sustainability. The application of Circular Economy principles, which emphasize resource recovery and system decentralization, is key to this integration. However, technological, economic, and regulatory barriers exist, limiting widespread adoption. This study explores the feasibility of coupling renewable energy with WWTPs, focusing on energy flow simulations, environmental impacts, and economic evaluations. The results indicate that integrating renewable energy can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower operational costs, and improve the resilience of urban water systems, making it a viable option for sustainable urban development.