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This community service activity was carried out with the primary objective of improving the Qur'an reading skills of the women of the Majelis Taklim (Islamic study group) through systematically designed intensive training. Reading the Qur'an properly and correctly is an obligation for every Muslim, but in reality, many people, especially the women of the Majelis Taklim (Islamic study group), still face obstacles in aspects of makhraj, tajwid, and fluency. This condition encourages the need for a targeted coaching program to improve the quality of Qur'an reading, so that the values ​​of Islamic teachings can be understood and practiced more accurately. The training was held in early July 2025 with a total of 35 participants from the Majelis Taklim (Islamic study group) with diverse reading ability backgrounds. The methods used included lectures, demonstrations, reading practice, individual guidance, and ongoing evaluation at each meeting. This approach was chosen so that participants not only gain theoretical knowledge but also practical skills that can be immediately applied. Evaluation was carried out through observing reading ability, courage to ask questions, and active participation in group exercises. The results of the activity showed a significant improvement in the participants' Qur'an reading skills, both in terms of letter pronunciation, application of Tajweed rules, and fluency in reading holy verses. The participants' enthusiasm was evident in their eagerness to participate in all sessions, their sincerity in practicing, and their active interaction during the learning process. Furthermore, this activity also fostered new motivation for participants to continue improving their reading quality independently and create a conducive learning environment in the Islamic study groups. Thus, this training proves that the right learning strategy, supported by high motivation from participants, can have a positive and sustainable impact on improving the quality of Quran reading. It is hoped that this type of program can be replicated in other Islamic study groups so that its benefits are even broader for the community.

Civil servants play a crucial role in governance and development to achieve the national goals as stipulated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Civil servants (PNS) are the primary foundation for the implementation of the Indonesian government system, as they implement public policy and provide public services. Their integrity, competence, and legal status significantly determine the quality of government bureaucracy. This study aims to determine the role of the Regional Civil Service Agency (BKD) in handling cases involving civil servants using fake diplomas during recruitment or promotion. The approach used is normative juridical, reviewing existing regulations, such as Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus, Government Regulations, and other technical regulations. Data were also obtained through interviews with BKD officials and analysis of relevant case documentation. The results of the study indicate that in practice, there is still a discrepancy between established legal procedures and their implementation in the field. Several cases indicate that administrative sanctions or termination of civil servants found to have used fake diplomas have not been fully based on proper verification and sanction mechanisms. This raises doubts about the validity of decisions and has the potential to undermine public trust in government institutions. This study emphasizes the importance of enforcing administrative discipline and improving internal oversight systems, as well as the need for stricter and more coordinated regulations between central and regional agencies to ensure that every administrative action has a valid legal basis. Implementing the principles of accountability and transparency in personnel management must be a priority to create a clean and professional bureaucracy.

This study discusses the phenomenon of silent lead in digital marketing strategy Amanah Bunda Daycare Semarang. This phenomenon refers to potential customers who have made an initial interaction through WhatsApp Business After seeing Meta Ads ads, but then do not continue communication or convert into customers. The phenomenon of silent leads is an important concern because although the digital marketing process manages to reach the target audience and trigger an initial response, the interaction does not continue until the purchase or registration stage of the service. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the characteristics of passive behavior. The Data was collected through in-depth interviews with the internal manager of Amanah Bunda Daycare and five informants identified as silent leads. The results showed that the passive attitude of potential customers is influenced by several main factors, namely the location that is considered less strategic or too far, the perception of prices that are considered high, personal conditions such as changes in plans or time constraints, as well as the quality of customer service communication that is perceived to be less than optimal in providing responses, information, and personal approach. This phenomenon has not been fully accommodated in classic conversion models such as Aida (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) and model 5A (Aware, Appeal, Ask, Act, Advocate). This shows that there are gaps in marketing communication strategies, especially in managing potential customers who initially respond positively but stop before conversion. Therefore, this study recommends the development of a more empathetic, structured and sustainable approach to communication. Suggested strategies include improving customer service systems based on quick response and personalization, implementing polite but consistent follow-up strategies, and composing marketing content that is able to build trust and emotional connection with potential customers. With these measures, it is expected that silent leads can be minimized and conversion rates increased significantly.

Indonesia, as one of the world’s megabiodiversity countries, possesses vast tropical forests rich in biodiversity and natural resources. Recognizing their ecological and socio-economic importance, the Indonesian government has introduced various forestry policies to preserve forest ecosystems and improve community welfare. One of the key strategies is decentralized forest management, designed to encourage participatory, inclusive, and locally contextual governance. This study adopts a literature review method, drawing from previous research, scientific articles, and relevant policy documents. The objective is to deepen the understanding of deforestation reduction ef-forts, particularly in the context of limited awareness regarding community activities that may harm both social life and environmental sustainability. The primary focus is on assessing the im-pacts of deforestation on socio-ecological resilience, with special attention to the effectiveness of decentralized forestry policies. Findings indicate that deforestation exerts significant and multi-faceted effects on resilience, especially in communities highly dependent on forests for livelihoods and living space. From an ecological perspective, deforestation contributes to biodiversity loss, degradation of ecosystem services, declining soil quality, and weakened ecosystem resilience against environmental change. Such ecological disruptions threaten environmental balance and increase the risks of disasters and natural resource crises, which can have long-lasting implications. Socially, deforestation can undermine local livelihoods, exacerbate poverty, and weaken traditional knowledge systems. These combined effects reduce a community’s capacity to adapt to environ-mental challenges. Therefore, strengthening forestry governance—particularly through decentral-ization and enhanced community participation—is essential to curb deforestation and safeguard socio-ecological sustainability at the local level. Effective implementation requires aligning policy frameworks with local needs, empowering community institutions, and ensuring equitable access to forest benefits.

In the textile industry, quality control is a crucial aspect to ensure the stability and consistency of production results. One of the important stages in yarn production is the warping process, which has a significant influence on the quality in the subsequent process. This study aims to apply the Statistical Process Control (SPC) method to assess the quality of 40 CD KNB yarn in the warping process in the GKBI PC company, Preparation Department, and determine whether the process is already in a controlled condition. Currently, the average quality and amount of monthly yarn production show fluctuations with a downward trend of 1.64 per 5,000,000 meters in the period February–July 2024. This figure is below the company's daily production target of 1.00 per 5,000,000 meters, so the target has not been achieved. This discrepancy indicates the need for a more systematic evaluation and improvement of the quality control system. Based on the analysis of the X-Bar control chart in January 2025, two data points were found outside the control limits (UCL = 176.8; LCL = -29.5; average = 73.6), ie on January 4 and 20. The main cause of such uncontrollability is the weak yarn that comes from the rewinding process. Check sheet analysis and Pareto diagram shows that the most common factors causing thread breakage are weak threads. Furthermore, through the cause-and-effect diagram (fishbone diagram), it was identified that the factors that cause thread breakage come from four categories: human (HR), material (raw material), environment, and machine. Of the four factors, human resources and material aspects are the biggest contributors to influence. Therefore, it is recommended that quality control at PC GKBI be strengthened through training and counseling programs to employees, in order to improve skills and awareness of the importance of quality. This step is expected to reduce the rate of yarn breakage, maintain the stability of the production process, and ensure consistent achievement of company targets.

This study aims to analyze the influence of domestic wastewater management and space utilization control on pests in river-equivalent areas in Lalat Regency. The main problem raised is the low effectiveness of environmental management in the corresponding area due to the increase in domestic activities and its weakness in spatial planning. The approach used is quantitative with multiple linear regression methods. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires to 200 respondents, and secondary data were obtained through documentation studies and field observations. The results of the analysis showed that simultaneously, the five independent variables (environmental management, space availability, community participation, government supervision, and environmental infrastructure) had a significant effect on the habitat in the corresponding area (p = 0.046). Partially, only waste management (p = 0.016) and community participation (p = 0.042) had a significant effect. A determination coefficient (R²) value of 7.5% indicates that the desires of a region are also influenced by other external factors. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the need to improve the household waste management system through the construction of communal WWTP and improve the quality of household septic tanks, as well as community empowerment through the establishment of environmental forums and sustainable sanitation education to support spatial control and poverty in commensurate areas.

Sultan Thaha Airport, Jambi, is one of the airports that has implemented a digital Airport PAS application process through a website-based system. This application information system is designed to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the PAS (Personal Airport Security) application process, which was previously done manually. With this system, it is expected that the entire administrative process can run faster, more transparently, and minimize errors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the e-PAS information system, and to identify obstacles that arise in its implementation in the work environment of Sultan Thaha Airport, Jambi. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with a blackbox testing approach to test the system's functionality. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation, interviews with 3 PAS applicants and 6 operational officers, and documentation related to system use. The data obtained were analyzed through the process of data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification. Data validity testing was carried out using the source and technique triangulation method. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the e-PAS system has run quite well. However, several technical challenges remain, hindering the smooth running of the process, such as disruptions to the data input system, challenges with information validation, and suboptimal or incomplete system features. These findings provide important input for system developers to make continuous improvements to ensure more effective and efficient services in the future. Improved training for staff is also necessary to ensure optimal system utilization. Furthermore, regular evaluations of system performance are mandatory to maintain consistent service quality.

This study addresses the issue of inadequate financial reporting by Regional Government Organizations (Organisasi Perangkat Daerah/OPD) in Nganjuk, where financial statements are expected to meet user needs in fulfilling transparency and accountability requirements. The research investigates the influence of four key factors—accounting standards, information systems, internal controls, and the competence of human resources—on the quality of financial statements. Furthermore, it examines the moderating role of organizational commitment in strengthening or weakening the relationships between these factors and financial reporting quality. The study adopts a quantitative research design, with data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 53 OPD offices, involving 212 randomly selected respondents. Data were analyzed using classical assumption tests to ensure validity and reliability, followed by Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) employing SPSS software. The findings reveal that information systems, internal controls, and competent human resources have a significant positive effect on the quality of financial reports. In contrast, accounting standards show no significant direct impact. Moreover, organizational commitment plays a moderating role in enhancing the positive effects of information systems, internal controls, and human resource competence on report quality. However, it does not moderate the relationship between accounting standards and financial reporting quality. These results highlight the importance of both technical and human resource aspects in improving financial statement quality within OPDs. While adequate systems and controls are crucial, the study underscores that the presence of strong organizational commitment is a determining factor in maximizing their effectiveness. The research suggests that efforts to improve financial reporting should not only focus on compliance with standards but also on strengthening commitment, training, and the integration of information systems and internal control mechanisms

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology increasingly used in the modern construction industry, particularly to improve communication efficiency and collaboration between stakeholders. This technology enables the integration of project data and information into a comprehensive digital model, allowing all involved parties to access, verify, and update information in real time. This study aims to evaluate the strategic role of BIM as a communication medium in the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) approach, focusing on the planning stage involving the disciplines of architecture, structure, and Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) systems. The IPD approach emphasizes cross-disciplinary collaboration from the early stages of a project to optimize outcomes, reduce risks, and accelerate completion. The research methods used are literature review and case study analysis of various projects that have implemented BIM within the IPD framework. The data analyzed include the effectiveness of information exchange, inter-team coordination, and early identification of design conflicts. The study results show that BIM significantly improves information transparency among stakeholders, minimizes the risk of miscommunication, and accelerates the decision-making process through accurate and integrated data visualization. BIM models also facilitate the detection of potential conflicts, such as clashes between structural and MEP elements, before entering the physical construction phase, thereby reducing repair costs and delays. Furthermore, the use of BIM in IPD fosters a more collaborative work culture, where architects, engineers, and contractors can work together to solve problems quickly and effectively. Thus, BIM has proven to play a crucial role as a primary communication tool in IPD implementation, while also serving as a crucial foundation for achieving efficient, integrated, and high-quality construction project management.

This research aims to design and build a web-based syar'i clothing inventory information system at Umama Gallery Yogyakarta. The background of this research is based on the problem of inventory management which has been done manually, which often causes obstacles such as delays in stock information, potential recording errors, wasted paper, and difficulties in preparing inventory reports quickly and accurately. To overcome these problems, a web-based information system was developed by referring to the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall model, which includes the stages of planning, needs analysis, design, implementation, and testing. Research data was obtained through interviews with store managers and literature studies to support the analysis and design of the system. The implementation results show that the inventory information system built is able to simplify the process of recording and monitoring inventory in real-time, thereby helping to reduce the potential for recording errors and speeding up the reporting process. In addition, this system also reduces dependence on physical documents, making it more environmentally friendly and efficient in the use of resources. Available features include data management of goods, suppliers, users, incoming and outgoing goods transactions, and user account management. The integration of these features supports comprehensive inventory management, improves operational efficiency, and facilitates management in making accurate, data-driven decisions. With this system, Umama Gallery Yogyakarta has gained an effective, reliable, and integrated tool to support smooth operations and more modern and professional inventory management. Similar systems have the potential to be implemented in similar businesses to improve inventory management quality and competitiveness in the digital age.

This study aims to utilize data mining techniques, specifically the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, to classify leaf diseases in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Early and accurate detection of leaf disease types is a crucial step in prevention and control strategies, thereby reducing potential crop losses caused by pathogen attacks. Leaf diseases in sugarcane, such as leaf scald, rust, and mosaic virus, are known to affect photosynthesis, inhibit growth, and reduce the quality and quantity of sugarcane produced. The classification process in this study was carried out through image analysis of infected sugarcane leaves, where features such as color, texture, and shape were extracted using digital image processing techniques. The KNN algorithm was chosen because of its non-parametric nature, ease of implementation, and its ability to provide accurate classification results even with limited data size. The working principle of KNN is to determine the class of a new sample based on the majority class of its k nearest neighbors in the feature space, making it very suitable for the case of leaf disease image classification. In addition to building a classification model, this study also examines disease prevention strategies based on the identification results. These strategies include the use of disease-resistant sugarcane varieties, the implementation of appropriate planting patterns, land moisture management, regular plantation sanitation, and the measured and environmentally friendly use of pesticides or fungicides. Model performance evaluation was conducted using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics to assess model effectiveness across various data scenarios. The results of this study are expected to not only contribute to the development of decision support systems for farmers and related parties but also support the application of artificial intelligence-based technology in the agricultural sector.

Quality education services are closely linked to the effectiveness of financial and asset governance within local government institutions. This study aims to explore in depth the strategic role of the Finance and Assets Subdivision in enhancing the effectiveness of education services under the Central Kalimantan Provincial Education Office. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis was carried out following the Miles and Huberman model, which involves data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the Finance Subdivision plays a critical role in needs-based budget planning, ensuring that financial allocations align with educational priorities and policies. It manages key funding sources such as School Operational Assistance (BOS) and Special Allocation Funds (DAK) with a focus on transparency, accountability, and timely reporting. Meanwhile, the Asset Subdivision contributes through systematic recording, equitable distribution, and optimal utilization of regional property. These responsibilities are supported by regular training programs and consistent monitoring to ensure that facilities remain functional and beneficial for educational purposes. The implementation of integrated digital management systems, such as SIMDA, SIKD, and SIPKD, has significantly improved data accuracy, accessibility, and overall management efficiency. These systems allow for more transparent governance and facilitate informed decision-making at the institutional level. The study concludes that the active and coordinated role of the Finance and Assets Subdivision forms a strong foundation for professional, efficient, and sustainable education governance. The findings suggest that strengthening human resource capacity, enhancing interdepartmental coordination, and further integrating digital information systems are essential strategies to improve the quality and equity of education services in the region. Such improvements will contribute to achieving better educational outcomes and fostering public trust in government-managed education services.

This study empirically investigates the impact of information quality, system quality, and service quality on net benefits in cooperatives located in Badung Regency, specifically in Mengwi District. A quantitative research approach was employed, with non-probability sampling and purposive sampling as the chosen techniques. A total of 150 respondents, including cooperative managers and staff, participated in this study. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) through SmartPLS 4.0 software. The study found that information quality significantly influences net benefits through system use and user satisfaction. High-quality information is critical for effective system use and leads to greater user satisfaction, which ultimately contributes to higher net benefits for the cooperatives. Similarly, system quality was also found to significantly affect net benefits, with the use of high-quality systems increasing system use and improving user satisfaction, further enhancing the net benefits received by the cooperatives. However, service quality did not show a significant direct impact on net benefits, nor did it have any significant effect through the mediating variables of system use and user satisfaction. This finding suggests that while service quality is important in many contexts, in the case of cooperatives in this study, the quality of the information and the system itself play a more prominent role in determining the net benefits. The results of this study emphasize the importance of focusing on improving information and system quality to maximize the net benefits in cooperatives. Cooperatives should prioritize investments in information technology systems and ensure that the information provided is accurate and relevant to enhance system use and user satisfaction. This, in turn, will lead to greater overall benefits for the cooperatives in Mengwi District, Badung Regency.

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological process experienced by every woman, but it can be accompanied by various discomforts, both physical and psychological. In the third trimester, hormonal, physical, and emotional changes often trigger complaints such as anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and discomfort. These conditions, if not managed, can negatively impact the health of the mother and fetus, including increasing the risk of pregnancy complications. One non-pharmacological approach that is increasingly in demand to address these problems is aromatherapy, namely the use of essential oils from plants as a complementary therapy. Objective: This literature study aims to explore the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality in pregnant women, especially in the final trimester. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted by analyzing ten national journal articles published between 2014–2024. Articles were selected through a purposive sampling method based on the suitability of the topics with aromatherapy, pregnancy, anxiety, and sleep quality. Results: Most studies show that aromatherapy, especially with lavender, orange, and chamomile essential oils, has a positive effect in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality. The mechanism of action of aromatherapy is thought to involve stimulation of the limbic system in the brain via the olfactory pathway, which plays a role in regulating emotions, inducing relaxation, and reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. These effects help reduce tension and facilitate better sleep in pregnant women. Conclusion: Aromatherapy has been shown to be a safe, easy-to-implement, and effective complementary intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep disturbances in pregnancy. Healthcare providers, particularly midwives, are advised to integrate this therapy into holistic antenatal care to support the overall well-being of pregnant women.

Improving the quality of biology learning in secondary schools requires pedagogical innovations that connect academic content with real-life contexts and leverage digital technology. This study aims to analyze the effect of a contextual teaching approach assisted by interactive PowerPoint on students’ learning outcomes in the human respiratory system topic. A true experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group was employed at SMA Negeri 1 Langowan, involving two eleventh-grade classes selected through simple random sampling. The experimental class received contextual instruction integrated with interactive PowerPoint, while the control class was taught using conventional methods. Data were collected through validated achievement tests and analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by independent and paired t-tests. The results indicate a significant improvement in learning outcomes for students in the experimental class compared to the control group. The experimental group’s posttest scores were substantially higher, and the difference was statistically significant. Integrating a contextual approach with interactive visualization effectively enhanced students’ understanding of abstract biology concepts, promoted active participation, and strengthened learning motivation. These findings support constructivist theory and highlight the relevance of contextual teaching in science education aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. The study implies the importance of implementing context-based strategies combined with simple digital media to improve biology learning effectiveness. Future research may explore its impact on non-cognitive skills such as critical thinking and scientific attitudes. Furthermore, the results of this study provide opportunities for teachers to be more creative in designing teaching materials that are not only informative but also interactive and relevant to students' lives. By utilizing media such as interactive PowerPoint, teachers can present complex biological content in a more engaging and understandable way.

This community service project aims to improve the quality of street lighting around the Waringin Tunggal Studio, located in Soneyan Village, Pati Regency. As part of efforts to improve community comfort and safety, this project focuses on addressing the issue of inadequate lighting that can impact community activities, particularly at night. Inadequate lighting around the studio creates discomfort and reduces the sense of security for both studio users and the local community. The project began with a thorough inspection of the lighting conditions around the studio. The next step was to design technical solutions to improve the existing lighting system, including increasing the number of lamps and using more efficient types of lamps in terms of energy consumption and light distribution. Furthermore, good collaboration with village officials and other relevant parties was crucial for the smooth implementation of this project. The improvement process was carried out with a focus on energy efficiency and durability, ensuring long-term benefits. The results of this project showed a significant improvement in the quality and coverage of lighting around the Waringin Tunggal Studio. This improvement not only increased comfort but also increased the sense of security for studio visitors and the surrounding community. Access to the studio at night has become easier and safer, positively impacting the arts and cultural activities held there. A post-event evaluation showed increased community participation in the studio's evening events. This success demonstrates that improved lighting can encourage community participation in community activities. Going forward, it is hoped that this activity can be enhanced by utilizing renewable energy, such as solar power, to ensure optimal lighting even during power outages, thus ensuring the desirability of this activity in the future.

The purpose of this research, "Designing a Database System for Senior High Schools/Vocational Schools in Nabire Regency," is to build an information system that will make the process of data processing and management for schools in Nabire Regency easier. In this era of rapid technological advancement, effective and open information systems are becoming increasingly important, especially for educational purposes. It is hoped that the Ministry of National Education (Kemendiknas) will develop an information system with school profile data across Indonesia. This will assist data-driven decision-making for various parties, including the government and the education department. With this system, it is hoped that the administrative process will become more effective and transparent, and policy-making will become easier. In addition, this research emphasizes the importance of ensuring that all stakeholders can access data in order to improve the quality of education in the area. This study shows that the application created not only makes data management easier, but also enhances clarity and integrity in public education services. Therefore, it is hoped that this system will become a useful tool to promote education and assist in better decision-making processes in Nabire Regency. This research significantly contributes to the development of educational information systems in Indonesia, particularly in terms of school data management.

In the digital era, local governments face significant challenges in building a positive public image of regional leaders. The changing public communications landscape driven by technological advancements demands public relations (PR) strategies that are not only informative but also able to engage the emotional and symbolic dimensions of society. The main problem identified is the limited effectiveness of PR content strategies in changing public perceptions. Most content still emphasizes the delivery of factual information, but does not optimally develop narratives, symbols, and interactions that can strengthen the leadership image. This study analyzes this problem using the ADO (Antecedent-Decision-Outcome) approach. Within this framework, PR content innovation is positioned as a prerequisite factor (antecedent), digital communication strategies as the decision (decision), and the formation of the regional leader's image as the final outcome (outcome). The study was conducted using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of seven scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis is supported by Image Management Theory, Government Communication Theory, and the New Public Governance paradigm, which emphasizes collaboration, transparency, and public participation in governance. Research findings indicate that innovative digital communication strategies—such as the use of social media, visualization of leadership activities, personal narratives, and two-way interactions with citizens—have a significant impact on building and strengthening a positive image of regional leaders. This approach not only increases public trust but also creates more meaningful engagement between leaders and the public. The study's findings confirm that PR plays a strategic role as a key actor in shaping public perceptions of regional leadership in the digital era. The success of image building depends not only on the quality of the message, but also on PR's creativity, consistency, and ability to adapt modern communication technology to meet the dynamics of public information needs and expectations.

This study aims to explore the concept of Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence and its role in developing high-quality human resources, with a specific focus on the implementation at SMAIT Ash-Shohwah Berau. Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence refers to a form of spiritual capacity derived from deep interaction with the Qur’an, encompassing the intelligence of the spirit, soul, heart, and moral consciousness. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach to provide an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, participant observations during religious and academic activities, and documentation analysis of school programs. The findings reveal that the cultivation of Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence at SMAIT Ash-Shohwah Berau is systematically integrated into the school’s curriculum and extracurricular programs, particularly through the high-quality Tahfidzul Qur’an program, which is mandatory for all students. The process of memorizing the Qur’an is not only aimed at achieving mastery of verses but also at nurturing closeness to Allah SWT, shaping attitudes and values that form the foundation of high-quality human resources. Students participating in the program demonstrate notable improvements in discipline, responsibility, enthusiasm for learning, social competence, emotional regulation, honesty, independence, and leadership skills. Furthermore, the study highlights that Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence serves as a transformative element, influencing both academic achievement and personal character. It fosters an integrated development that balances intellectual capability with moral integrity, enabling students to contribute meaningfully to society. The results suggest that embedding Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence in educational settings can be a strategic pathway for producing graduates who are not only academically competent but also spiritually grounded and socially responsible. This has significant implications for Islamic education institutions aiming to develop comprehensive human resources aligned with Qur’anic values and the demands of the modern world.

This study aims to analyze the differences in various extraction techniques and their relationship to the yield and biological activity of phytochemical compounds from natural materials. The research was conducted through a systematic literature review from various reliable scientific sources over the last decade. The results indicate that extraction methods such as maceration, soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) have varying effectiveness. The effectiveness of these methods is highly dependent on the type of material, solvent used, and process parameters such as temperature, time, and solvent-to-material ratio. Modern extraction methods such as sonication, MAE, and UAE tend to produce higher yields and better biological activity. These modern methods have the advantage of being more time-efficient and requiring fewer solvents, thus allowing the extraction of active compounds more optimally. Additionally, technologies like microwave and ultrasonic waves help break down the cell walls of natural materials, enhancing the release of phytochemical compounds more effectively and rapidly. However, conventional methods such as maceration and soxhlet extraction remain relevant, especially for materials containing thermolabile compounds that may degrade at high temperatures. These methods are still preferred to maintain the stability of active compounds sensitive to thermal degradation. Choosing the appropriate extraction method is crucial in producing high-quality extracts that can potentially be used as raw materials for phytopharmaceuticals, supplements, or other natural products. This study provides a strong theoretical foundation for further experimental research and guidance in selecting extraction methods based on the required efficiency and effectiveness for industrial applications. Thus, this study contributes to the development of more efficient and high-quality natural products.