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Concrete typically consists of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, and water. However, cement production generates significant carbon dioxide emissions nearly equivalent to the tons of cement produced. One alternative to conventional concrete, which replaces cement as a binder, is geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete utilizes fly ash or other materials containing silica and alumina as the binder. Unlike cement, which forms a binder through hydration, geopolymer concrete uses a chemical reaction with alkali activators such as Na2SiO3 (sodium silicate) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide). This study investigates the toughness of geopolymer concrete using cylindrical specimens measuring 15 cm x 30 cm with varying Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:1.5, cured at room temperature for 28 days. The study results show that the highest toughness was achieved with a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.5, yielding 2.7394 x 105 J/m3. Meanwhile, the toughness values for sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 were 2.3748 x 105 J/m3 and 2.5821 x 105 J/m3, respectively. Thus, increasing the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio from 0.5 to 1.5 at an activator content of 0.43 affects the toughness of geopolymer concrete.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of Chinese betel leaves on the organoleptic properties of aroma, taste, colour, texture of kastengel cookies, and the nutritional content of kastengel cookies with the addition of Chinese betel leaves. This type of research is an experiment, this research is looking for the best recipe for kastengel with the addition of Chinese betel leaves. The data collection technique used was observation which involved 30 panellists, who were assisted by using a panellist sheet with a score of 1-5. In this study using quantitative methods that use numbers in data collection and analysis of measurable data, the data analysis technique used is AnavaTunggal (Analysis of varience) with the help of the SPSS version 29 program, if the results use a real effect test, then the next test uses the Duncan test to determine significant differences. The results showed that there was an effect of differences in aroma, colour, and taste on kastengel products, but could not affect the texture. This study proves that Chinese betel leaves not only add a unique aroma and flavour to pastries, but also contribute various health benefits thanks to the content of active compounds such as antioxidants. Organoleptic tests involving a number of panelists showed that the product was well received in terms of taste, colour and aroma. In addition, nutritional analysis revealed an increased antioxidant content in kastengel cookies enriched with Chinese betel leaves, making them a healthier snack option compared to conventional products.

Indonesia has a large population of internet users, with more than 175 million active internet users in 2021 to 2024. This provides a strong foundation for the development of social media in the country. The increasing use of smartphones in Indonesia also has an impact on the development of social media and online buying and selling (e-commerce). The Indonesian government has issued laws and regulations regarding the use of social media with a focus on online buying and selling and handling infringing content. This research uses normative juridical methods. One of the challenges in buying and selling transactions via social media is security and trust. Because these transactions are often conducted between individuals who do not know each other, it is important to be careful and verify the seller or buyer before making a transaction. Consumer law in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (Consumer Law). This Consumer Law provides a legal basis and legal protection for consumers in carrying out buying and selling transactions, both conventionally and via social media.  

Annual increases in tobacco excise rates increase state revenues, but also pose challenges for tobacco farmers and conventional and e-cigarette entrepreneurs. The impacts include increasing cigarette prices every year, which affects consumer purchasing power and business sustainability in the tobacco sector. This research aims to analyze the effect of the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates as of January 1 2022 on sales of e-cigarettes at KDR Vapor Stores. This research is a type of descriptive research with a non-statistical quantitative approach. The data used includes changes in the selling price of e-cigarettes after the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates, as well as sales and gross profit data for 2021 and 2022. Data collection techniques in this research are interviews and observation. The research results show that the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates in 2022 will have a positive and significant influence on KDR Vapor Store sales. This means that the increase in excise rates on tobacco products in 2022 will increase sales at KDR Vapor stores. The increase in sales was followed by an increase in gross profit and COGS. Gross profit in 2022 will increase by IDR 914,349,630,- and COGS will increase by IDR 409,633,370,-. Gross Profit Margin Ratio percentage results for 2022, the KDR Vapor Store is considered to still be unable to run its business efficiently because the Cost of Goods Sold is relatively higher than the previous year. Suggestions for KDR Vapor Shop owners are to set competitive prices, regularly evaluate stock, and purchase products in large quantities to reduce the impact of increases in Tobacco Products Excise (CHT) rates. Expanding product variety, setting daily sales targets, and innovating with vouchers or giveaways are also important to attract and retain customers.

Abstract Bhumi Karya Cooperative is an organization focused on the savings and loan activities of its members. Loans with low interest rates and various types of savings are offered to enhance the welfare of the members. However, challenges in the effectiveness of transaction data management, the conventional handling of savings and loan applications, and financial reports managed using Microsoft Excel are faced by the cooperative. The development of a web-based information system is deemed essential, as this system not only allows members to conduct transactions remotely, such as the previously manual savings and loan applications, but also accelerates the processes of member data entry, transaction recording, report generation, and service provision to members anywhere. Additionally, prospective members can register online, thereby increasing the overall operational efficiency of the cooperative

The increasing trend of working from home since the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new occupational health challenges, particularly regarding ergonomics. This study aimed to improve ergonomic awareness through structured education on proper work postures for home-based workers. Using a one-group pretest-posttest design, the research evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions based on behavior change theories. Results demonstrated that interventions using the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) reduced Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) scores from 5.65 to 3.95 and decreased forward head posture by 9°. Similarly, participatory ergonomic approaches increased straight back posture from 59% to 75% of work time, with a 98% participant satisfaction rate. Educational strategies combining short workplace demonstrations, reminder media, and physical exercises proved more effective than conventional training methods. Theory-based weekly training sessions reduced the proportion of high-risk workers from 60% to 21% within three months. The study concludes that structured work posture education based on behavior change theories effectively enhances ergonomic awareness among home-based workers and significantly reduces health risks associated with poor posture.

The management of Karang Taruna plays a strategic role in maintaining and strengthening unity and national awareness within the community. However, there remains a gap in understanding related to national awareness, particularly among the youth involved in Karang Taruna in Central Lombok Regency. This issue serves as a significant backdrop for community service aimed at enhancing the understanding and appreciation of national awareness. This program aims to provide reinforcement of national awareness to Karang Taruna administrators across Central Lombok Regency through an integrated training and mentoring program. The method used in this activity is a participatory approach, involving stages of socialization, training, focus group discussions, and continuous evaluation. The training includes expert speakers in the fields of nationalism and leadership, combined with case studies and real-life simulations. The results of this community service show a pre-test score of 55% and a significant increase to 88% in the post-test on participants' understanding of national awareness, as measured through pre and post-test evaluations. Additionally, there was a 90% increase in motivation and sense of responsibility among participants in fostering national spirit within their respective communities. In-depth discussions with participants indicate that practical and interactive approaches in training are more effective in enhancing understanding of abstract concepts of nationalism compared to conventional lecture methods. It is hoped that through this reinforcement of national awareness, Karang Taruna administrators can become change agents who promote unity, harmony, and national spirit in their regions

Tropical forest fires pose a serious threat to ecosystem sustainability, particularly in Kalimantan, which is prone to seasonal fires. Early detection is key to prevention efforts, but conventional and satellite-based monitoring methods often face limitations, particularly in identifying small-scale hotspots obscured by forest canopies. This study aims to test the effectiveness of integrating drone technology with thermal sensors in tropical forest monitoring as an early fire detection system. The research method uses a field study design with an experimental approach. Drone flights were conducted over tropical forest areas in Kalimantan, systematically capturing thermal imagery according to a predetermined flight path. Thermal image data were analyzed to identify hotspots, then compared with satellite hotspot data (MODIS and VIIRS). Field validation was also conducted through direct temperature measurements using a portable infrared thermometer. Data analysis involved comparing detection results, accuracy testing, and measuring system sensitivity with a confusion matrix. The results showed that drones with thermal sensors were able to detect more hotspots than satellites, with a higher level of accuracy compared to field validation results. For example, in several study areas, drones successfully identified small hotspots that were not detected by satellites. This confirms that drones with thermal sensors have high sensitivity and can be used as early detection tools for tropical forest fires. In conclusion, the integration of drone technology and thermal sensors has proven effective as a monitoring system that complements satellite-based methods. Further development using big data and machine learning, as well as cross-institutional collaboration, is needed for optimal implementation on a large scale.

Indonesia is a country with a high level of earthquake vulnerability, thus demanding innovation in building structural engineering that is not only safe but also environmentally friendly. In the context of sustainable development, bamboo as an abundant local material is starting to gain attention as an alternative to conventional materials. Bamboo, when processed into composites in the form of fibers or in combination with thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, has been proven to have superior mechanical properties, including tensile strength, stiffness, and resistance to chemical degradation. In addition, the characteristics of water absorption that are controlled through certain treatments make bamboo composites more competitive compared to synthetic materials. The application of bamboo composites in construction is not only limited to new materials in structural elements, but also effective in retrofitting methods. For example, recent research shows the potential of bamboo composites in strengthening reinforced concrete beams and improving the performance of frame systems in earthquake-resistant structures. In line with this, seismic design regulations and standards such as the comparison between SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2019 demonstrate the importance of adapting structural designs to local seismic conditions. The integration of bamboo composite materials with structural capacity analysis, numerical simulation, and pushover analysis methods has yielded promising results for improving building resilience to dynamic loads. Beyond technical aspects, this approach also supports environmental objectives. Several studies have even developed eco-friendly home prototypes utilizing innovative material combinations, including geopolymer blocks and natural fibers. Thus, the use of bamboo composites not only provides a technical solution to earthquake challenges but also contributes to global efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of the construction sector.

Marketplace system is a means of meeting sellers and buyers online, in this case service providers and car renters. With this information system, renters no longer need to bother looking for the required car that matches the criteria, and service providers are also easier in marketing and expanding their marketing reach. This system was built using the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method of development which allows customers to place orders, select vehicles, eliminating complexity in the traditional process involving visits to rentals. In car rental services there are several problems that need to be resolved. First, there is no web-based information system service that makes it easy for customers to access car rental service company information. Second, conventional services are still fairly slow. Currently, reservations are made in two ways, namely coming to the place or contacting the telephone number on Whatsapp so that prospective tenants have to wait for a response from the rental provider to get information about prices and available cars. Therefore, a car rental information system is needed that specifically serves fleet rental with online booking to display transaction information in the form of car rental and return on the system dashboard to support strategic purposes. This research focuses on building a car rental information system using the PHP programming language with the CodeIgniter framework.  

The emergence of financial technology (fintech) has brought significant disruption to the conventional banking industry. Fintech offers faster, cheaper and more accessible financial services, which appeal to many customers, especially the younger generation. This study aims to analyse the impact of fintech on the future of conventional banking, with a focus on Bank Mandiri, one of the largest banks in Indonesia. The results show that fintech has a significant impact on various aspects of conventional banking, including: 1) Products and services. Fintech offers innovative and diverse financial products and services that conventional banks cannot access. 2) Distribution channels: Fintechs utilise digital technology to reach customers directly, without the need for physical branches. 3) Business model. Fintech has a more efficient and cost-effective business model compared to conventional banks. 4) Customer engagement. Fintech offers a more personalised and interactive customer experience. Bank Mandiri shows that the bank has taken various strategic steps to face competition with fintech, such as: developing digital services, collaborating with fintech startups, improving operational efficiency. Disputes between fintech consumers and fintech service providers can be resolved through: negotiation, mediation, arbitration, court and legal comparison with default. In addition, we also highlight the need for collaboration between government agencies, industry players, and the tech community to develop a comprehensive and adaptive regulatory framework.

This study aims to analyze and compare the financial performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia using library research methods. Data sources come from related literature such as scientific journals, articles, previous research reports, and relevant online sources. Bank financial performance is measured through several ratios including capital ratio (CAR), asset quality (NPL), liquidity (LDR), profitability (ROA and ROE), and efficiency (BOPO) which are calculated based on the bank's financial statements. The results of the analysis show that in general the financial performance of both types of banks is in a healthy condition and meets regulatory standards. However, there are differences in performance in several ratios individually. Conventional banks tend to have better performance in CAR, NPL, BOPO, and ROA ratios, indicating better capital quality, assets, operating costs, and profitability. Meanwhile, Islamic banks show better liquidity performance (LDR) and asset growth. However, the difference in performance is not yet fully statistically significant. In general, the financial performance of conventional banks is superior. However, the performance of Islamic banks also experienced an annual increase. To improve competitiveness, Islamic banks need to continue to make improvements, especially in terms of capital, cost management, credit quality, and increasing fee-based products. Both types of banks have developed and operated harmoniously without causing significant financial turmoil. The results of the study are expected to provide a stronger picture of the comparison of the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia.    

As time goes by and changes in technology also change behavior in society. The impact of technology is not only positive but also negative, one of which is online gambling or slots which is currently popular in society, especially among teenagers. The aim of this PKM in the field of law is one of the KKM programs for students from group 42 of Bulakan Village, Bina Bangsa University as a form of awareness of online gambling which has a negative impact. The method for implementing PKM this time is holding a legal seminar on the dangers of online gambling specifically for teenagers as the target participants considering that there are many online gamblers among teenagers. The results of this PKM conclude that there is a negative impact on online gambling players and online gambling players can be caught in the Law on conventional gambling and the Information and Electronic Technology (ITE) Law.

The objective of the research is to find out the effectiveness of the use of Flashcards to increase the students’ vocabulary of descriptive text of the eighth grade in SMPN 5 Blitar The design of this research was a quasi-experimental research with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of this research was the students of SMPN 5 Blitar. The sampling technique in this research is simple random sampling. The sample was 30 students of Class VIII D as the experimental group who was given a new method using flashcards applicationand 25 students of Class VIII E as the control group who was taught using conventional strategies. The research instruments were pre-test and post- test which analyzed by using an independent sample t-test. Furthermore, the result showed that the mean score of the D class that used the Flashcards Application was 80,80, whereas the mean score of the E class that did not use Flashcards was 72.00. the conclusion is the Flashcards application is effective to improve the students’ vocabulary mastery of descriptive text which can be seen in the result of the independent sample t-test, the t test is 4.649 > t table 2.002, then Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

In this modern era, people have various activities and to fulfill these activities, people need transportation as a supporting tool/assistant tool in carrying out their activities. Therefore, transportation service entrepreneurs are competing to attract the interest of their consumers by improving services, ease of ordering, fleet comfort, punctuality and so on. In Indonesia, there are many types of transportation that also function as public transportation, namely transporting people/goods and collecting agreed fees. The general public is currently familiar with two types of transportation, namely application-based online transportation and conventional transportation. Where application-based online transportation is the transfer of goods and people from place of origin to destination. The current flow of technological developments is something that must be understood and whether we like it or not, we must keep up with the flow of technological developments, so that the emergence of application-based online transportation is a transportation service that takes advantage of technological developments. Conventional transportation is passenger transportation carried out on a rental basis. Conventional transportation, for example, includes buses, public transportation, taxis, pedicabs and motorbike taxis. In line with current developments, the existence of conventional transportation is gradually being replaced by the choice of more sophisticated modes of transportation with the use of technological advances such as the emergence of application-based online transportation. Apart from being time efficient, online transportation itself can also be used at an affordable cost. However, this is different with conventional types of transportation, not all of which can be reached easily, sometimes you have to wait for a long time to be able to access or use these transportation services. Using Comparative Analysis The use of Comparative Analysis aims to compare the differences in services between two types of online and conventional transportation modes based on the type of transportation mode and the services provided by service providers to users such as the Academic Community located on the Cenderawasih University campus environment. By using Descriptive Statistical Analysis the data that has been collected can be analyzed by calculating the average perception of user respondents regarding service quality preferences for two types of online and conventional transportation modes from the Academic Community in the Cenderawasih University Campus environment.

Based on the observation, a problem was found regarding the lack of interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class V of SD Negeri 174552 Tambunan. This is due to the difficulty of students in understanding the learning material. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning using visual media compared to learning using conventional media. The type of experimental research used is Quasi Experiment. Class V-A is the experimental class and class V-B is the control class. The dependent variable in this study is the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education and the independent variable is visual media. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The results of the study used data from the initial test scores (Pretest) and the final test (Posttest). The results of the study showed that the use of visual media in the experimental class was more effective than the use of conventional learning media in the control class. The results of the t-test in the experimental class showed tcount (7.74) > ttable (2.01) H0 was rejected. The results of the t-test in the control class showed tcount (0.52) < ttable (2.01) H0 was accepted. Then N-Gain obtained the average N-Gain in the experimental class 0.37, in the control class the average N-Gain 0.03. The results of the N-Gain t-test of the experimental and control classes showed t count (10.29) > t table (2.01) H0 was rejected. The conclusion of this study is that learning using visual media is more effective than learning using conventional media.    

Background: The emergence of Islamic banks will definitely increase competition in the banking market. Many factors influence banking growth in Indonesia. The current condition has two main threats that must be considered because they can show the weakness of global banking: the weakening of the commercial property market and the connection of banks with non-bank financial institutions. Method: This study uses descriptive statistics, normality test, and independent sample T test. Results: Conventional and sharia banks do not have significant differences in financial performance, according to the Return On Assets (ROA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) indicators. On the other hand, the Return On Equity (ROE), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Operating Costs Operating Income (BOPO) indicators show that there is no significant difference in financial performance between conventional and sharia banks. Conclusion: Islamic banks show better performance than conventional banks in terms of Return On Assets (ROA), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and BOPO. These ratio values ​​have higher values. However, conventional banks show better performance in Return On Equity (ROE) and Loan to deposit ratio (LDR) with better average ROE and LDR values.

Creativity is the ability to generate new and innovative ideas that are valuable and useful in a particular context. In higher education, creativity is very important because it encourages students to think critically, solve problems effectively, and innovate in their fields of study. This study aims to test the effectiveness of using e-modules based on metacreative strategies in improving students' creativity in the Makeup and Beauty Research course at Padang State University. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study was students of the Makeup and Beauty study program class of 2021 with a sample size of 53 people. Data analysis techniques in this research consist of descriptive statistics, creativity assessment scale, n-gain score test, prerequisite analysis test, and hypothesis testing (Independent sample t-test). The results showed that there was a significant increase in the level of student creativity in the experimental group and the control group. The average pretest score in the control group was 56.72 and the posttest was 64.07 with an N-gain of 0.17 (low category). Meanwhile, the experimental group had an average pretest score of 60.00 and a posttest of 78.77 with an N-gain of 0.46 (moderate category). The results of the hypothesis test using the independent sample t-test showed a sig.(2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05, so there was a significant difference between the experimental group using e-modules based on meta-creative strategies and the control group using conventional learning methods. This shows that the use of e-modules based on meta-creative strategies is effective in improving student creativity.

This study aims to prove the influence of the application of snowball throwing on the learning outcomes of dance-cultural arts, namely by analyzing the influence of differences in higher learning outcomes after a learning treatment using the snowball throwing method in learning cultural-dance arts in class XI, MIPA-2 SMA Negeri 1 Rabatan, Tanah Datar Regency. This research uses quantitative type with quasi-experimental method. The population is all students of class XI of SMAN 1 Rambatan totaling 183, with a study sample drawn in a simple cluster on 32 students of class XI-MIPA-2 (being an experimental class) and 32 students of class XI-MIPA-4 (being a control class). Data collection techniques with tests and observations. The data analysis technique uses the analysis of the difference in class mean in the final test-test results at the end of learning. . Hypothesis testing was performed with a T-test using the SPSS version 16 program, to test differences in the mean significance of the final test results in the experimental class and control class. The test results proved that the calculated t value at a score of 7.625 proved to be greater than the table t at a score of 1.69552. So statistically the value of t counts > t of the table. The results of this test also proved significant because t count > t this table was accepted at a critical value in the T-table at df= 31 and a confidence level of 95%, or at an alpha level of 0.05. The conclusion of the results of this study is that there is a significant difference in dance knowledge learning outcomes between the use of the snowball throwing method and conventional discussion methods in dance learning in class XI.MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Rambatan, Tanah Datar Regency.'. This means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected.    

Electronic credit facilities represent a significant banking innovation, employing technology in a manner that diverges from the established procedures associated with conventional credit. A credit deed that is not in accordance with the formal legal requirements is nevertheless considered to have legal force if the signature is recognized by the relevant parties. This thesis addresses the legal force and position of underhand credit agreements in commercial banks, as well as their suitability with the legal requirements of agreements according to the Civil Code and ITE Law, particularly in instances where the debtor subsequently rejects the signature. This thesis employs normative legal research methods to procure secondary data pertinent to the subject matter. The secondary data comprises primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then subjected to qualitative analysis. The research demonstrates that the legal certainty of electronic credit agreements in commercial banks is regulated by the Civil Code Law Number 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, and OJK Regulation Number 38/POJK.03/2016 on the Application of Risk Management in the Use of Information Technology by Commercial Banks. In the event of a dispute over the rejection of an electronic signature in an agreement, the matter may be resolved through litigation after all other avenues of non-litigation have been exhausted. In electronic credit agreements, electronic signatures are recognized as valid evidence, thereby affording legal protection to creditors.