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This article examines Paul's perspective on slavery in early Christianity with a focus on the concept of spiritual equality and views on spiritual freedom. Although Paul did not explicitly call for the physical liberation of slaves, the concept of spiritual equality in Christ became a moral basis that highlighted the dignity of every individual regardless of social status. Paul's view of spiritual freedom was interpreted as a potential encouragement to support physical and social liberation, although it did not propose direct changes in law or policy. This research also details possible responses of early Christian communities to this concept in practical contexts, including efforts to support human rights and create an ethical environment that respects the values ​​of freedom and human dignity.  

The problem of evil remains one of the most persistent and challenging issues in Christian philosophy. This paper explores the philosophical dimensions of suffering through a Christian lens, focusing on the paradox of divine goodness in the presence of moral and natural evil. Drawing from classical theodicy and contemporary Catholic thought, the study examines how the mystery of the Cross offers a unique theological and philosophical response to suffering. Special attention is given to the thought of Augustine, Aquinas, and modern Catholic philosophers such as Henri de Lubac and Josef Pieper. The paper argues that Christian philosophy does not attempt to explain away suffering but rather provides a framework in which suffering can be redemptive, meaningful, and even transformative when united with the suffering of Christ. By grounding human suffering within the narrative of salvation history, Christian philosophy affirms that evil does not have the final word. The research also reflects on the existential implications of hope, patience, and grace in enduring suffering, making a case for a distinctly Christian metaphysical response to theodicy. This study contributes to ongoing discussions in Christian existentialism, ethics, and metaphysics by reaffirming the coherence of faith and reason in addressing one of the deepest human questions.

Social media is used freely and without control causing quite a number of people in the era of disruption to engage in various actions that are not in accordance with religious norms and values. Therefore serious treatment is needed, one of which is Christian ethics education. The purpose of this study is to find out the phenomenon of social media use in the era of disruption and the importance of Christian ethics education. The research method used was literature review and analyzed using a descriptive approach. The results of the study explain that in facing the progress of the times, every Christian needs to understand the phenomenon of the use of social media in the era of disruption by most people, including: Spending a lot of time playing social media, social media as one of the perpetrators of crime, social media is one of the factors growing anti-social behavior. Apart from that, to prepare Christians to have a life that pleases God, it is necessary to take various approaches, including by implementing Christian ethics education in their daily lives, which aims to: Prepare Christians to face challenges of faith in the era of disruption, make them aware of the importance of social values, anticipate in the misuse of social media technology, as a means of instilling Biblical values, motivating to always be a blessing through social media in an era of disruption.

Social media is used freely and without control causing quite a number of people in the era of disruption to engage in various actions that are not in accordance with religious norms and values. Therefore serious treatment is needed, one of which is Christian ethics education. The purpose of this study is to find out the phenomenon of social media use in the era of disruption and the importance of Christian ethics education. The research method used was literature review and analyzed using a descriptive approach. The results of the study explain that in facing the progress of the times, every Christian needs to understand the phenomenon of the use of social media in the era of disruption by most people, including: Spending a lot of time playing social media, social media as one of the perpetrators of crime, social media is one of the factors growing anti-social behavior. Apart from that, to prepare Christians to have a life that pleases God, it is necessary to take various approaches, including by implementing Christian ethics education in their daily lives, which aims to: Prepare Christians to face challenges of faith in the era of disruption, make them aware of the importance of social values, anticipate in the misuse of social media technology, as a means of instilling Biblical values, motivating to always be a blessing through social media in an era of disruption.

All different forms of Christian life have received a vocation to share in the mission of Christ. The whole Christian community is involved in God's mission through the nature of their vocation. The call to mission is addressed not only to the hierarchy, and religion, but it is a call addressed to all. All Christians are personally called by the Lord and from Him, they received a mission in favor of the Church and of the world. This research aims to find the initial enthusiasm for involvement in the mission of the Church from all members of the Church, namely the hierarchy, religious, and laity. The method used in this study is the historical method of research. Through this research, the author found that all members of the Church with their respective unique callings received a mandate from God to continue the Church's mission. The results of this study indicate that every form of life in the Church receives a mission from God to proclaim the good news. The results of this study can be used as Implications to find a method of coaching for every form of life vocation, namely as a hierarchy, religious, and lay.  

Youth face complex psychosocial challenges amid rapid social, economic, and technological changes. One key strategy for addressing these challenges is strengthening resilience, particularly spiritual resilience. Spiritual resilience refers to an individual’s ability to endure and recover from life’s difficulties through the power of faith, life meaning, and spiritual values. This study aims to examine the concept of spiritual resilience in youth through a cognitive-behavioral psychology (CBT) approach using a literature review method. The analysis draws upon various scholarly sources that explore the relationship between CBT mechanisms and the development of spirituality. The findings indicate that integrating CBT with spiritual values, including within a Christian context, can enhance youth’s mental endurance, assist in restructuring negative cognitions, and support mental health and spiritual growth. This approach offers a holistic and contextual intervention framework to help youth more effectively cope with stress, anxiety, and identity crises.

Obesity in children and adolescents is a global health problem, with increasing prevalence in low- and middle-income countries and consistently high obesity rates in high-income countries. Obesity, characterized by excessive lipid accumulation, is primarily caused by an energy imbalance resulting from high caloric intake and inadequate expenditure. This activity uses the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) methodology, involving 167 participants for obesity screening. The results of measuring Body Mass Index and waist circumference showed that 14 (8.39%) people were obese level II, 22 (13.18%) people were obese level I, 13 (7.79%) people were overweight, and 53 ( 31.74%) people have a risk of central obesity. Early detection through routine anthropometric assessments allows timely intervention, including lifestyle modifications to prevent obesity and related comorbidities, thereby improving overall health outcomes.

The research was conducted to find out how artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be used to evaluate the development of seven characters in Undhira students. The seven characters in question are Integrity, Self-Confidence, Diversity, Entrepreneurship, Professionalism, Servant Leaders, Global Insight. In the research conducted, the main variables were learning motivation and the use of artificial intelligence designed by prioritizing the seven Undhira characters. The analysis obtained was that the artificial intelligence used for learning assessment obtained the following analysis: 1) arousing interest, 2) determining common goals, 3) building self-confidence, and 4) creating a positive learning environment.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Key Performance Indicator (KPI)-based performance appraisal system, leadership style, and work motivation on employee productivity. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously, the implementation of KPI, leadership style, and work motivation have a significant effect on employee productivity. Partially, the implementation of KPI and leadership style have a positive and significant effect on employee productivity, indicating that an effective KPI system and good leadership can improve individual performance. However, the results of the study also show that work motivation does not have a significant effect on employee productivity, indicating that there are other factors that may play a greater role in improving productivity. The implication of this study is that organizations need to focus more on optimizing the KPI system and developing a leadership style that can support the achievement of employee productivity.

Skin hydration is critical to maintaining healthy skin, as the skin functions as a physical barrier against external environmental factors such as pathogen invasion, UV radiation, chemical exposure, and mechanical trauma. This activity highlights the importance of early detection of skin hydration levels to prevent conditions such as dry skin with a Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) approach. Effective strategies such as regular use of moisturizer, a healthy diet, increased fluid intake, a gentle skin cleansing routine, and regular monitoring using a skin analyzer are important to maintain healthy skin. Community education and screening demonstrated a positive impact on skin hydration awareness and practice, emphasizing the importance of hydration in improving skin barrier function and overall quality of life.

Canon 573 of the Code of Canon Law provides valuable guidance for religious life, especially for those who follow Passionist spirituality. This spirituality, which focuses on the suffering and redemption of Christ, has deep meaning and provides direction for many individuals committed to lives of service and devotion. Canon 573, with its provisions, serves as a pillar that not only regulates the formal aspects of religious life but also enriches and deepens the spiritual experience of its followers. In this spiritual journey, Canon 573 emphasizes the importance of living in community, carrying out religious vows, and dedicating oneself fully to God and others. Through a deep understanding of Canon 573, followers of Passionist spirituality can find a strong foundation for living a life in harmony with the teachings of Christ. This article aims to dig deeper into how Canon 573 can be an authentic guide in living out Passionist spirituality. By exploring the principles contained in this canon, we can understand how they apply to everyday life, enrich the journey of faith, and form a solid community committed to Christian values.

The professionalism of CHG (PAK) teachers is a crucial element in improving the quality of education and shaping student character. The example expected of a PAK CHG teacher is holiness of life like Jesus Christ. This article outlines the relationship between the professionalism of PAK teachers and holiness of life as an example, as taught in the Bible. The research method used is qualitative, by collecting information from various sources of literature that can be accounted for academically. The results show that holiness of life according to the Bible refers to separation from sin and evil, and being like Jesus Christ who is holy. The professionalism of PAK teachers includes personality competence, where being a role model is a key aspect. PAK teachers are required to live in holiness and imitate the life of Jesus. Holiness of life becomes the foundation for the professionalism of PAK teachers, which is then implemented in providing examples to students. This study concludes that to achieve holiness of life, self-knowledge and self-control are needed, as well as awareness of the importance of obeying biblical teachings in daily life. Thus, being holy like Jesus is a true form of professionalism for PAK teachers

Canon 573 of the Code of Canon Law provides valuable guidance for religious life, especially for those who follow Passionist spirituality. This spirituality, which focuses on the suffering and redemption of Christ, has deep meaning and provides direction for many individuals committed to lives of service and devotion. Canon 573, with its provisions, serves as a pillar that not only regulates the formal aspects of religious life but also enriches and deepens the spiritual experience of its followers. In this spiritual journey, Canon 573 emphasizes the importance of living in community, carrying out religious vows, and dedicating oneself fully to God and others. Through a deep understanding of Canon 573, followers of Passionist spirituality can find a strong foundation for living a life in harmony with the teachings of Christ. This article aims to dig deeper into how Canon 573 can be an authentic guide in living out Passionist spirituality. By exploring the principles contained in this canon, we can understand how they apply to everyday life, enrich the journey of faith, and form a solid community committed to Christian values.

The professionalism of CHG (PAK) teachers is a crucial element in improving the quality of education and shaping student character. The example expected of a PAK CHG teacher is holiness of life like Jesus Christ. This article outlines the relationship between the professionalism of PAK teachers and holiness of life as an example, as taught in the Bible. The research method used is qualitative, by collecting information from various sources of literature that can be accounted for academically. The results show that holiness of life according to the Bible refers to separation from sin and evil, and being like Jesus Christ who is holy. The professionalism of PAK teachers includes personality competence, where being a role model is a key aspect. PAK teachers are required to live in holiness and imitate the life of Jesus. Holiness of life becomes the foundation for the professionalism of PAK teachers, which is then implemented in providing examples to students. This study concludes that to achieve holiness of life, self-knowledge and self-control are needed, as well as awareness of the importance of obeying biblical teachings in daily life. Thus, being holy like Jesus is a true form of professionalism for PAK teachers

This study puts the spotlight on McLuhan’s concept “the medium is the message,” situating it within the body of scholarly work on media ecology. This paper probes the question, “How does the human body as a medium communicate the message of Christ?” Why this study? In a higher education institution like St. Paul University Iloilo where the University’s vision explicitly states its identity as a Catholic University rooted in the love of Christ, the question that it always faces is, how is this vision manifested and embodied by its administrators, faculty, staff, students, and alumni? The major concept that underpins this question is, how can the human body, particularly a student, an administrator, a staff or faculty member, communicate its foundational belief and identification in Christ, the center of the University’s engagement and formation as a Catholic University? This paper is qualitative in nature that seeks to provide a conceptual framework in examining the body as a medium and raises key questions on how the human body can communicate the Christian message of the Incarnation in general, and how a particular body that subscribes to this tradition exhibits and manifests its foundational mission rooted in the love of Christ.

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of education level on poverty in East Java Province. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative using secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2023. The data analysis method used is chi square analysis (X²). The research results show that the level of education influences poverty in East Java Province. The lower the level of education, the higher the level of poverty.

 In a region, economic development is very important, especially to improve the economy and improve the welfare of the people.  Economic development is a process of attempting to improve a nation's standard of living as measured by the level of real income per capita which involves major changes in social structure, community attitudes, eradicating poverty and reducing inequality (Rapanna and Sukarno, 2017). Economic development aims to equalize economic development and its results for the entire community, increase the rate of economic growth, expand employment opportunities, and minimize differences in regional capabilities. The success of a region's development can be seen from its economic growth. Where the higher regional economic growth can be a benchmark and indicator of the high level of development success and economic conditions of the region. If the economic growth of a region is lower, it indicates low development in that region and weak economic conditions (Ananda, 2017). 

Digital marketing is a skill that many people really need to learn in order to increase their knowledge and prepare themselves for a successful career in the future, increase creativity and be innovative. In an effort to increase national knowledge, one of the activities that students need to carry out is KPPM which is an activity that focuses on community service. This type of research uses a descriptive qualitative research method which is used to research and describe the positive influence on the implementation of training activities carried out by IAKN Tarutung students in Purba Dolok village, namely KKN in the form of PKM. So this type of research is also based on factual data and field data, where the researcher goes directly into the field to see directly the conditions that are the subject of the research. As a result of the training activities that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the participants can understand the material presented by the resource person and also increase the insight and knowledge of the training participants.  

This community service activity aims to provide assistance to the children of the Tangmentoe Orphanage regarding the preparation of production costs in the child creativity business at the Tangmentoe Christian Orphanage where all this time the orphanage children have participated in many skills training to improve creativity, but in determining the selling price following the selling price in the market. In terms of determining the selling price, the production price of each production from the creativity of the orphanage children is needed. By using participatory methods carried out in assisting the preparation of production costs in this activity, the orphanage children have knowledge about the preparation of production costs on all the results of the orphanage children's creativity. And through this activity, orphanage children also have strong motivation in planning to start and manage a business.

Hair is an important aspect of a person's appearance. Hair in the elderly experiences a decline in quality which is often characterized by thinning, brittleness and loss. Vitamin D plays an important role in this condition because it affects the growth cycle of hair follicles. A deficiency can cause hair to become brittle and fall out easily. In this community service activity, education is provided to explain the importance of vitamin D and how to get it through a healthy diet and lifestyle. Screening using a hair analyzer shows problems with hair loss and low hair density as well as lots of dead skin cells. Effective education and nutritional interventions, including vitamin D supplementation, are essential to improve hair health and ultimately the quality of life of elderly. Treating vitamin D deficiency, including hair and scalp care, must be an integral part of the elderly's health program.   Keywords: education, hair health, elderly, community service, vitamin D