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This research explores the status of customary criminal law in the context of positive law in Indonesia. Customary criminal law, as an integral part of the cultural heritage of Indonesian society, has values and norms that have developed from generation to generation. However, in an era of increasingly structured positive law, fundamental questions arise regarding the extent to which customary criminal law is accommodated and recognized by the formal legal system. This research uses a normative legal approach to analyze statutory regulations, court decisions, and related legal literature. Research findings identify that although customary criminal law is not explicitly regulated in the national positive law system, there are certain efforts to recognize and respect its existence. In this context, this research explores the concept of integrating customary criminal law into a positive legal system as a medium of preserving legal plurality and realizing local justice. Apart from that, this analysis also discusses the challenges and potential conflicts between customary criminal law and modern positive law principles, as well as efforts that can be made to achieve harmony between the two. In conclusion, this research contributes to a better understanding of the status of customary criminal law in the context of positive law in Indonesia, by highlighting important aspects to be considered in developing inclusive and just legal policies. This research is in the form of a research article.

In communication strategy, the role of the communicator is very important. Communicators are a tool in communication strategies. The communicator will be successful in changing behavior, attitudes and opinions through the attraction mechanism. This happens if the communicant feels comfortable with the communicator and the message conveyed also attracts the communicant. The purpose of this research is to find out how the online marketing communication strategy used by Ammelie Muslim clothing increases brand awareness.The research results show that choosing an online market as a place to carry out transactions is part of the strategy carried out by Ammelie. In increasing brand awareness, apart from the online market as the main place for buying and selling transactions, a physical shop is also provided so that as a brand, it provides added value for Ammelie compared to online shops which do not have physical shops for consumers to visit directly. With the Ammelie Boutique Store, it adds credibility to consumers, so that brand awareness increases.

In line with the concept of environmentally friendly national development, every commercial and industrial activity must be committed to preserving the environment. This is in accordance with Law no. Regulation Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Referring to Law No.30 of 2007 concerning Energy, which was then followed up with Government Regulation No.33 of 2023 concerning Energy conservation which requires energy users above TOE to carry out Energy conservation by conducting periodic Energy Audits of Lighting Systems and Air Conditioning Systems . This research conducted an audit of lighting and air conditioning systems by collecting data on lighting intensity, temperature and humidity in each room in the office from 08.00 – 17.00 using a lux meter measuring instrument, then the results were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) regarding lighting and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012 concerning Saving on Electricity Use. The use of electrical energy in the office work environment is still not optimal and even though the density value is satisfactory, the lighting level in the office still has rooms that do not meet SNI standards. Apart from that, the use of electrical energy for the air conditioning system is also considered insufficient so several recommendations need to be made

The background to this research is that the author wants to know whether people have an interest in investing or not, especially in the Ajaib application. Apart from that, it aims to determine the influence of brand ambassador, brand awareness and brand image on people's interest in investing in Ajaib. The research method used is quantitative, with probability sampling as data collection. The number of respondents was 100 and data analysis used SPSS software. With the research results, brand ambassadors have no influence on investment interest, brand awareness has no influence on investment interest, and brand image has an influence on investment interest.

Financial management is very crucial in practice, both personal and business financial management. This is very important, especially for MSMEs, because poor financial management will have an impact on bookkeeping and make income and expenses confusing, especially if the business being run has started to increase in sales. Financial recording is an important thing but is often underestimated even though there are many benefits that entrepreneurs get by recording financial reports. There are many reasons why a business has not recorded financial reports properly, such as a lack of insight into what it is like to make or record its own financial reports and there are no resources that can handle it, as is also felt by the entrepreneur who owns the Tunas Sari semprong located in Rengasdengklok-Karawang. Starting from this, in this community service, we aim to provide basic training in simple financial recording to improve the performance of entrepreneurs' businesses. Apart from the manual, we also provide understanding in operating financial records using a digital application in the form of BukuKas which can be installed on business people's smartphones. This makes it easier for entrepreneurs to operate financial reports. With knowledge of financial reports, we can easily find out our income and expenses and can be used as evaluation material in improving business performance and developing the business we own. From the results of this training, it is hoped that entrepreneurs will be able to record simple financial reports and be able to operate the BukuKas application to make recording easier.

South Korea is one of the countries in the Asian region that has successfully implemented cultural diplomacy as a tool to achieve its country's interests. Apart from using music and film media, the Korean Wave is also able to spread through the Korean Beauty (K-Beauty) trend. K-Beauty is a natural facial skin beauty trend from South Korea. Korean Wave has succeeded in bringing K-Beauty to become increasingly famous in Indonesia and has also become a variety of cosmetic product choices for Indonesian women in choosing skin care and cosmetic products. Korean Wave has succeeded in making K-Beauty products a trend in the Indonesian cosmetics market by involving South Korean artists as Brand Ambassadors. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Korean Wave as South Korea's cultural diplomacy on the achievement of South Korea's state image in the field of Indonesian cosmetics. This research uses a qualitative approach to produce descriptive data. This research method uses documentation originating from digital repositories and official documents. The theories and concepts used in this research are the theories of neoliberalism, complex interdependence, soft diplomacy and cultural diplomacy. The research results show that the Korean Wave was formed as a South Korean Soft Power instrument which is based on popular culture, then exported to various countries in the form of cultural products, one of which is K-Beauty which can later be enjoyed by the wider community in various countries

The purpose of this study is to examine the reasons why people become victims of internet fraud through the Steam game trading platform and to discuss the modes used by the perpetrators. The three main informants of this research are victims of online fraud through the Steam game trading platform. Apart from that, it also seeks the opinions of experts about this case of online fraud. These results are expected to be able to provide deeper insights into cybercrime cases on the Steam platform and the strategies used by online fraudsters when using the Steam platform. In addition, the results are also expected to raise government awareness to take better measures to combat online fraud in the future. In addition, this research can serve as a basis for creating policies that protect the public from the threat of online fraud.

This research discusses the phenomenon of the people of Karangharjo Village, Silo District, Jember Regency who tend to behave deviantly from positive Indonesian law, more specifically related to the problem of early marriage, high rates of divorce, domestic violence and high cases of stunting that occur in children which is normalized by local community. In 2022, there will be 50,673 applications for marriage dispensation, 516,344 divorce cases, where 80% of these divorce cases are experienced by couples who have been together for less than 5 years. This research was studied using a qualitative descriptive approach and legal sociology, and the analysis of this research data was empirical. To find out about the behavior of the people of Karangharjo Village, Silo District, Jember Regency who deviate from positive law in Indonesia. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out using interviews, observations and document review. There were 10 informants interviewed. This village was used as an object because it was considered to be one of the sub-districts that applied for the highest marriage dispensation in Jember Regency. Researchers succeeded in answering social impacts, including the factors that cause early marriage due to people's concerns about deviations from the nature of religion if their children are not married immediately, apart from that, the perspective emerged that if children aged 20 years have not been married, this is considered a disgrace for the family in Karangharjo Village. The causality of this deviation results in high stunting rates due to mental, economic and psychological unpreparedness in establishing a harmonious household. Community behavior tends to deviate, where traditions and cultural customs are upheld more highly than positive law itself. Therefore, an approach is needed to understand people's behavior so that they comply with positive law without exception, namely by using a legal sociology of law.

A pharmacy is a place that carries out pharmaceutical activities which has an important role in obtaining information about drugs. In this case, pharmacists have the responsibility to create customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the key to the success of a business. Different services will also have a very significant impact on a pharmacy. Apart from that, the company must also market its products by implementing the right sales strategy, because by implementing the right strategy the company will get the expected results. This research aims to determine the sales strategy, service quality and customer satisfaction at Kimia Farma Pharmacy, Bima City, which is located on Jl. Soekarno Hatta Paruga.

This exploration is expected to describe the internal and external elements apart from the reason for the low language skills in PAUD KB DURRATUL HIKMAH Balantak Area. This exploration is a fascinating test. The test subjects consist of superiors and subordinates. Data collection techniques are equipped with perceptions, interviews. The research results show that 1) the factors causing the low reading ability of teenagers include: a) Understanding of teaching staff and training in relation to the development of school education. b) students. 2) External factors that cause students' low reading ability include: a). the family climate is less stable, especially interest in reading in the family is still low and most parents rarely take their students to the bookstore h. b) less creative experts. c) the child himself. d) the impact of sitting in front of the TV and using a cell phone.  

ARI is an infectious disease that attacks one or more parts of the respiratory tract, starting from the nose (upper tract) to the alveoli (lower tract) including adnexal tissue, such as the sinuses, middle ear cavity and pleura. ISPA is a respiratory tract infection that lasts for 14 days. ARI can be caused by various causes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and aspiration. Bacteria that cause ARI include Diplococcus Pneumoniae, Pneumococcus, Streptococcus Pyogenes Staphylococcus Aureus, Haemophilus Influenza, and others. Viruses that cause ARI include influenza, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus. Fungi that cause ARI include Aspergillus Sp, Candida Albicans Histoplasm, and others. Apart from being caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi, ISPA is also caused by aspiration such as food, motor vehicle fumes, fuel oil, amniotic fluid at birth, foreign objects (seeds), small plastic toys, and others. The occurrence of ISPA is certainly influenced by many factors, namely environmental conditions (air pollutants such as cigarette smoke and cooking fuel fumes, density of family members, house ventilation conditions, humidity, cleanliness, season, temperature), availability and effectiveness of health services and infection prevention measures. to prevent spread (vaccines, access to health care facilities, isolation room capacity), host factors (age, smoking habits, ability of the host to transmit infection, nutritional status, previous infections or simultaneous infections caused by other pathogens, general health conditions) and characteristics pathogen (mode of transmission, infectivity, virulence factors such as genes, number or dose of microbes).

This research aims to reveal the role of madrasa head leadership in improving teacher performance at MAS Islamiyah Tamiang. The research background illustrates the importance of educational leadership in achieving the effectiveness and efficiency of educational institutions. The focus of the research is on the duties and functions of the madrasa head in Learning Management (PBM) at Madrasah Aliyah Islamiyah Tamiang. The research method used is field research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews, field notes, documentation and observation. The research results show that madrasa heads play an active role in improving teacher performance by involving them in training, training, seminars and other activities. Routine supervision is carried out to accompany and improve the teaching and learning process. Apart from that, the madrasah principal provides motivation, rewards, and includes teachers in workshops to improve professional competence. The research conclusion shows that the leadership of the madrasa head has a positive impact on teacher performance. The madrasa head carries out his role by involving teachers in various activities that support competency development. However, the research also identified several weaknesses in the supervision of teacher discipline and use of time, as well as suggestions for improving the optimization of supervision by madrasah heads.  

A notary is a public official whose job is to register, create and complete legally binding documents. The problem of notary responsibilities related to the use of fake identities in making the deed is caused by several factors such as a lack of understanding of the applicable law, as well as a lack of sanctions. applied to violations of the law. The writing of this article is included in qualitative descriptive research. Then, after collecting the data, a comparative data analysis was carried out, then apart from that, this article was made using online observations and in-depth literature studies regarding notaries involved in making deeds using fake identities. Research also shows that not all notaries fully understand the legal responsibilities that can be borne by a notary if a fake identity is used when making a deed. If there is an error, Notaries will be subject to sanctions, which can be in the form of administrative sanctions, such as giving warnings, warnings, and even imposing fines. In addition, if a very serious violation of the law occurs, criminal sanctions can also be given, such as imprisonment or a fine. The existence of strict sanctions will provide motivation for notaries to understand and comply with applicable laws, as well as respect the legal responsibilities they bear in carrying out the notary profession.

As Time And Human Civilization Progress, The Construction Industry Is Also Developing Rapidly, Starting From Advances In Technology Used To Increasing Competitors, Both Foreign Competitors And Local Competitors. The Application Of Supply Chain In The Construction Industry Is Believed To Be One Of The Strategic Efforts To Increase The Competitiveness And Performance Of A Construction Company. In This Research, An Analysis Of The Application Of Supply Chain Management (SCM) Will Be Carried Out In The Wadung Asri Market Drainage Channel Normalization Project. This Research Aims To Find Out Whether Contractors Have Implemented The Supply Chain Management (SCM) Concept In Their Material Procurement Process. The Research Results Show That In The Project Material Procurement Process, The Contractor Has Not Implemented The Supply Chain Management (SCM) Concept Significantly. This Can Be Seen From Decisions In Selecting Suppliers Which Are Only Based On The History Of Cooperation Without Considering Other Factors. Apart From That, There Were Delays In The Arrival Of Materials Which Resulted In Project Work Being Delayed From The Initial Plan. Therefore, It Is Necessary To Improve The Goods Procurement System That Has Been Running So Far By Implementing The Supply Chain Management Concept.    

The research focuses on analyzing one part of a speech act, especially illocutions. The author analyzes how illocutions are used in a certain context in the video "Merdeka Belajar" on the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture's YouTube channel. The research aims to analyze the use of illocutionary speech acts in the video "Merdeka Belajar" on the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture's YouTube channel, with a focus on the illocutionary theory developed by J. L. Austin, which includes five main forms; representative (assertive), commissive, directive, expressive, and declarative. Research was conducted to better understand how messages and communication are conveyed in the context of the video. This research combines methodological and theoretical approaches. From a methodological aspect, the research applies qualitative methods with descriptive analysis. Theoretically, research is related to the field of pragmatics. The type of research used is a pragmatic study that uses qualitative descriptive methods which include examining documents, listening, and taking notes as data collection tools. The technique for collecting data was carried out using SBLC techniques and recording. Apart from that, the research also used the distribution and matching method for data analysis. This research is useful for knowing how to classify speech acts and increasing knowledge in the field of pragmatics, especially in illocutionary speech acts. In the results of data analysis, 41 data were found from various types of illocutionary speech acts. The number of data for each speech act, namely assertive, is 22 data, directive 7 data, declarative 2 data, commissive 1 data, and expressive 9 data. Based on the research results, the variety of speech acts that are often used in speech on the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture's YouTube channel videos are assertive speech acts. The assertive speech acts that appear in the video are statements stating, opinions, showing, reporting, speculating, mentioning, and asserting.

As time goes by, information technology becomes more advanced and makes the public aware of technology, especially educational staff who must continue to impart their knowledge to students. With advances in website technology and the increasing number of fields that use websites, indirectly interest in creating websites has also increased. Blogs are one of the technological developments in the internet sector. Blog or weblog is a term used to describe a development of a personal website that makes it easier for users to display personal information on the Internet in an easy way. However, not all students and teachers at the Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kottabarat High School of Surakarta understand creating personal websites, due to a lack of knowledge regarding creating a website, where by having a personal website for students and/or teachers, apart from being able to carry out personal branding, students and Teachers at Muhammadiyah Program Khusus Kottabarat High School of Surakarta can provide all forms of information that is useful for the school or even for each individual, by providing training to teachers and students is one way to increase knowledge and abilities in creating a website. And from this activity, the participants were able to build a website with the WordPress platform.

Intelligence is a system that has been designed using technology to create a computer system that can imitate human intellectual abilities. And it will be possible to interact via text, this chat-gpt definitely has a function, it can translate a language, apart from that, chat-gpt can also provide recommendations, help in the education process, and can also increase productivity. Benefits that will be obtained from chat-gpt GPT in education is learning that is done personally, accessible and affordable, helps students with assignments and can solve problems. But of course, anything created by humans will never be 100% accurate and has no flaws, chat-gpt also has limitations, namely, such as limited understanding, the inability to replace people's creative work, answers that are not always accurate , has an inability to differentiate between a fact and an opinion and the need for a stable internet connection

Cultivating fish using floating net cages (KJA) is a type of business that is quite promising, apart from that, the process of cultivating fish using floating net cages is not very difficult or can be said to be easy. However, there are many risks that can cause losses for entrepreneurs in cultivating floating net cage fish. The aim of this research is to find out the factors that cause losses in fish cultivation using floating net cages (KJA) in Saguling. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, where the data produced through interviews is expressed in the form of descriptions rather than numbers. The results found by the author in this research are that the biggest causes of losses experienced by floating net cage (KJA) fish farmers are caused by high fish mortality rates and selling prices that are not commensurate with the expensive price of feed.

This research aims to find out the role of social media in increasing the entrepreneurial interest of students in the management study program, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, North Sumatra State Islamic University. This research uses qualitative research methods. The results of this research are that social media is found to really help students in carrying out entrepreneurial activity and also makes it easier because it can reach a wider market, not only the campus environment but can also reach the environment outside the campus. Apart from that, by utilizing technological developments, namely social media, students become confident when marketing goods to be sold because they market their merchandise online.

Abstract. Basically, all companies want profits in running their business, and are able to minimize losses that occur in running their business. Therefore, many companies have good quality workforce but the number of employees is small. So a company often gives responsibility for various fields to one workforce in order to achieve goals according to plan by minimizing losses, one of which is by minimizing the workforce in a company. Lack of labor can have an impact on employee job satisfaction and employee work motivation. The right number of workers can make it easier to control outlet operations, because a shortage of workers can slow down the process of operational activities, causing outlet conditions to become unconducive. Apart from that, the lack of labor also affects work motivation because it can reduce work morale due to excessive working hours and multiple job descriptions. This makes it more likely that an employee will make mistakes due to decreased concentration at work. Not only that, the lack of labor also causes the number of customer complaints to increase due to less than optimal service.   Keywords: 3-5 words or phrases that reflect the contents of the article (alphabetically).     Abstrak. Pada dasarnya, semua perusahaan menginginkan keuntungan dalam menjalankan usahanya, serta mampu meminimalisir kerugian yang terjadi pada jalannya usaha. Oleh sebab itu banyak perusahaan yang memiliki kualitas tenaga kerja yang baik namun dengan kuantitas tenaga kerja yang minim.Maka sebuah perusahaan tak jarang membebankan sebuah tanggung jawab berbagai bidang pada satu tenaga kerja guna mencapai tujuan sesuai rencana dengan meminimalisir kerugian yang didapat, salah satunya dengan meminimalisir tenaga kerja pada sebuah perusahaan. Minimnya tenaga kerja dapat berdampak pada kepuasan kerja karyawan dan motivasi kerja karyawan. Kesesuaian jumlah tenaga kerja dapat melancarkan kendali operasional outlet, karena minimnya tenaga kerja dapat mengakibatkan lambatnya proses kegiatan operasional sehingga menyebabkan kondisi outlet menjadi tidak kondusif,selain itu minimnya tenaga kerja juga berpengaruh pada motivasi kerja karena dapat meurunkan semangat akibat jam kerja berlebih serta double job deskripsi yang menyebabkan kemungkinan besar seorang karyawan melakukan kesalahn karena menurunnya konsentrasi dalam bekerja.Tidak hanya itu, minimnya tenaga kerja juga menyebabkan jumlah complain customer meningkat karena terjadinya pelayanan yang kurang maksimal. Kata kunci : Labor, Job Satisfaction, Work Motivation, Midun Brothers