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Children with special needs are children who require special treatment because of developmental disorders and abnormalities experienced by children. Children with special needs have differences that occur in several ways, such as the process of growth and development that experiences abnormalities or deviations both physically, mentally, intellectually, socially and emotionally. In the context of special education in Indonesia, children with special needs are categorized in terms of blind children, deaf children, children with intellectual disabilities, children with motor disabilities, children with social emotional disorders, and children with intelligent and special talents. Every child with special needs has different characteristics from one to another. In addition, every child with special needs also needs special services that are tailored to their abilities and characteristics. It is important to carry out identification and assessment activities to identify their characteristics and needs. It is considered important to get the right service according to the characteristics, needs and capabilities.

The Preparing Classroom Action Research (PTK) for the Classroom Therefore, this study aims to enhance motivation in learning arts and culture  using the Osborn learning model. This type of research consists of two cycles and each cycle has four phases, viz. The subjects of this study are 32 students of class X AK 3 of SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar. This study was conducted from October to November 2023. The data analysis technique used was qualitative descriptive analysis using the Osborn learning model to examine the results of evaluating student presentations. by comparing learning outcomes with average completion scores. Research results  show that the results of learning art and culture subjects in grade X AK 3 gradually increase from  cycle 1 to  cycle 2. This is clearly shown through the average increase obtained from the assessment results. present. The average score of the first semester class is 79, of which the highest score is 88 and the lowest score is 68. Meanwhile, in the second semester, the average score of the class is 87,  the highest score is 93 and the lowest score is 82.

Children with special needs are children who require special treatment because of developmental disorders and abnormalities experienced by children. Children with special needs have differences that occur in several ways, such as the process of growth and development that experiences abnormalities or deviations both physically, mentally, intellectually, socially and emotionally. In the context of special education in Indonesia, children with special needs are categorized in terms of blind children, deaf children, children with intellectual disabilities, children with motor disabilities, children with social emotional disorders, and children with intelligent and special talents. Every child with special needs has different characteristics from one to another. In addition, every child with special needs also needs special services that are tailored to their abilities and characteristics. It is important to carry out identification and assessment activities to identify their characteristics and needs. It is considered important to get the right service according to the characteristics, needs and capabilities.

Security Guard Training and Training in Sukoharjo faces challenges in increasing the effectiveness of learning and concentration of participants. The activity "Ice Breaking as a Concentration for Security Guard Training Training in Sukoharjo" is proposed as an innovative approach to start training in a fresh and fun atmosphere with the aim of providing a brief overview of the importance of ice breaking in the context of security guard training in Sukoharjo as an effort to achieve optimal learning effectiveness. Ice breaking is seen as an essential first step to build relationships between participants, create a comfortable atmosphere, and increase participant motivation. The method for this service is in 3 stages starting from opening, content and closing and the population is security guards in Sukoharjo. The conclusion is that the implementation of ice breaking in security guard training in Sukoharjo is not just an opening step, but is a critical element in achieving training objectives by providing a strong foundation for effective and continuous learning.

As one of grammatical semantics topics, the passive voice of singular first person is used to show the relationship between singular first person (me) and action through the form of passive verbs in a sentence that contain grammatical meaning. The formulation of this research problem is what are the semantic constructions of the passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining based on the strategy in Sumberejo, Ambulu, Jember? This qualitative descriptive research is included in communication ethnographic research. Data was collected through listening and speech methods. Data that has been successfully collected is then presented using categorical, descriptive, and distributional methods. The theories used are Chomsky's generative transformation theory (1965) and Searle's speech act theory (1979). Based on this study, a total of 6 types of passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining in Sumberejo Village, Ambulu District, Jember Regency by dividing the types of passive voice of singular first person based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs with the type of locutionary speech act explaining based on the strategy. The types of locutionary speech acts explain based on their 5 strategies, then the types are crossed with 5 types of passive voice, singular first person, based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs

As one of grammatical semantics topics, the passive voice of singular first person is used to show the relationship between singular first person (me) and action through the form of passive verbs in a sentence that contain grammatical meaning. The formulation of this research problem is what are the semantic constructions of the passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining based on the strategy in Sumberejo, Ambulu, Jember? This qualitative descriptive research is included in communication ethnographic research. Data was collected through listening and speech methods. Data that has been successfully collected is then presented using categorical, descriptive, and distributional methods. The theories used are Chomsky's generative transformation theory (1965) and Searle's speech act theory (1979). Based on this study, a total of 6 types of passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining in Sumberejo Village, Ambulu District, Jember Regency by dividing the types of passive voice of singular first person based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs with the type of locutionary speech act explaining based on the strategy. The types of locutionary speech acts explain based on their 5 strategies, then the types are crossed with 5 types of passive voice, singular first person, based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs

This research was made based on the principal of the problem that occurred in the object of the research material, which was a novel entitled Pukul setengah lima by Rintik Sedu. The aim of this research is to reveal the personality of the main character in the novel and analyze the reasons why this personality emerged.  The method of this research uses qualitative literature study methods, by reading, taking notes, interpreting and the Hermeneutic method, namely interpreting sentences that are difficult to understand into something that is easy to understand or interpreting foreign languages into our language.  From this research, we obtained data from Abraham Maslow’s humanistic approach, namely physiological needs, security needs, love and existence needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. From this research it can be concluded that the main character does not fully meet these needs, the reason why this personality appears in the main character is because the main character has not reached the peak of self-actualization, he does not fulfill the needs for security and love so that the main character experiences basic anxiety and causes him not to able to reach the peak of self-actualization because lower level needs have not been fully met.

Bullying, especially in the digital era, has become a serious concern due to its involvement in various forms of physical, verbal, and social violence. Empathy education is considered an integral solution to address this issue by instilling the ability to sense and understand the feelings of others from an early age. This article also outlines the concept of bullying, its effects on perpetrators and victims, as well as its long-term impacts. Furthermore, empathy education is discussed in-depth as a preventive and remedial strategy for bullying. Empathy is not only taught to children but is also applied to those responsible within the school. Through theoretical studies, this article correlates the concept of bullying with a lack of empathy and details the significance of empathy education in the development of students' characters. Empathy education is deemed essential as it influences positive behavior, enhances the quality of social interactions, and fosters meaningful relationships.

This research was made based on the principal of the problem that occurred in the object of the research material, which was a novel entitled Pukul setengah lima by Rintik Sedu. The aim of this research is to reveal the personality of the main character in the novel and analyze the reasons why this personality emerged.  The method of this research uses qualitative literature study methods, by reading, taking notes, interpreting and the Hermeneutic method, namely interpreting sentences that are difficult to understand into something that is easy to understand or interpreting foreign languages into our language.  From this research, we obtained data from Abraham Maslow’s humanistic approach, namely physiological needs, security needs, love and existence needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. From this research it can be concluded that the main character does not fully meet these needs, the reason why this personality appears in the main character is because the main character has not reached the peak of self-actualization, he does not fulfill the needs for security and love so that the main character experiences basic anxiety and causes him not to able to reach the peak of self-actualization because lower level needs have not been fully met.

Bullying, especially in the digital era, has become a serious concern due to its involvement in various forms of physical, verbal, and social violence. Empathy education is considered an integral solution to address this issue by instilling the ability to sense and understand the feelings of others from an early age. This article also outlines the concept of bullying, its effects on perpetrators and victims, as well as its long-term impacts. Furthermore, empathy education is discussed in-depth as a preventive and remedial strategy for bullying. Empathy is not only taught to children but is also applied to those responsible within the school. Through theoretical studies, this article correlates the concept of bullying with a lack of empathy and details the significance of empathy education in the development of students' characters. Empathy education is deemed essential as it influences positive behavior, enhances the quality of social interactions, and fosters meaningful relationships.

Community Service activities are mandatory activities carried out by UIN North Sumatra students, especially at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training. PMM-4 students carry out Community Service activities in Bandar Magodang Village, Bintang Bayu District. One of the series of activities planned by PMM-4 students is the Learning House which is attended by the children of Bandar Magodang Village. The existence of this learning house program aims to help the children of Bandar Magodang village in increasing their interest in reading and writing skills in the midst of the widespread use of gadgets. This program runs well, this service activity is carried out through 3 stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation.  The method used in the implementation of community service is a qualitative approach.  The research subjects of this study were Bandar Magodang village children who were actively learning when a learning house was held by PMM-4 students children are asked to read books and their questions are also asked to write questions and answer questions in their notebooks.  This learning house activity will be carried out on August 18-19, 2023 at 14.00 – 16.00 WIB in one of the yards of Bandar Bagodang Village residents, Bintang Bayu District.

Minang or Minangkabau is an ethnic cultural group that adheres to a distinctive customary system, namely the family system according to female lineage which is called the matrilineal system. In Minangkabau culture, marriage is one of the important events in the life cycle and is a very significant transitional period in forming a new small family group for offspring. The purpose of this research is to find out the symbolic meaning in Minangkabau traditional marriage. This research uses a qualitative method and uses the Peirce’s theory. The informants of this study are people who understand Minangkabau culture, such as the coconut of the Minangkabau tribe. Data collection techniques through observation and direct interviews to the field and obtain information from several books and websites. the results obtained were: maminang (applying), rapek sumando (consultation of traditional leaders), malam bainai (attaching henna to the bride), Manjapuik marapulai (picking up the groom), basandiang (side by side). Then the researcher compiles, describes, and writes the symbolic meanings that exist in the traditional Minangkabau wedding steps.

This research aims to to determine the actualization needs of the main character Kate in the novel Mimpi, Cinta, dan Inspirasi using the humanistic psychological theory of the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow. The material object used is a story about the process of actualization needs from restless to fulfilled. The method used uses qualitative descriptive methods. Descriptive method is a research method aimed at describing existing phenomena that take place now or in the past. The findings of this study are in the physiological needs needed by characters in the form of mimuman. In the need for security, in the form of the need for a sense of security, stability, dependence, protection, freedom from fear, anxiety and confusion. The needs of love include the need for love, affection and friendship. The need for self-esteem is gaining recognition. The need for self-actualization shows that the main character has found his identity. The main character Kate has achieved self-actualization after going through life's journey through a hierarchy of needs.

The Freedom to Learn Program has various innovative programs in the education development. The old educational model is now transformed into a more flexible, explorative, and borderless. Thus, the readiness of the teacher is very important. The Mover Teacher Program is a challenge where teachers are required to be more creative and adaptive to change. However, this concept has not been fully understood by teachers outside Java Island. Therefore, the training of Mover Teachers needs to be carried out in SMP N 2 Barru South Sulawesi. This activity is carried out via online with expert as the initial stage and offline, mentoring as the final stage. With these two methods are expected to get more effective results to increase the capacity of teacher resources in Barru. The output of this dedication is that teachers can think innovatively and be ready to become mover teacher to success independent learning program.

The Purpose of Research on Seba baduy conducted by STKIP Sheikh Manshur students in Lebak Regency, aims to get to know more closely the Baduy community in preserving their culture in Seba baduy activities. The research method used is descriptive with a functional approach through data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations. The result of this research illustrates that Seba Baduy activity is the culmination of a ritual event conducted once a year which is intended to express gratitude to God and the government for the welfare of the Baduy community that has been produced in a period of one year. In addition, Seba Baduy activity has a ritual ceremony, this ceremony is a proof of customary recognition and aims to stay in touch between Kanekes community and the government both in the regency and province, namely to the regent and governor officials who informally become the leaders of Baduy community. The best time and date for the ceremony is chosen, especially after the harvest. The seba ceremony is a series of religious or belief systems of the Sunda Wiwitan religion adopted by the Kanekes community, so this ceremony must be carried out because it is an ancestral heirloom that must continue to be maintained and preserved which is passed on continuously to its children and grandchildren in a firm and binding manner. (Ayuna et al., 2021)

In the time of progressively progressed globalization, each individual high priority a solid comprehension of managing different societies and identities. Primary school is the ideal spot to collect this view all along. Social and urban proficiency alludes to a comprehension of different parts of culture and city values, as well as the capacity to relate in a genuine manner with individuals from different social layers. Making and reinforcing instructive improvement is a significant part in the endurance of a country in the period of globalization. Particularly as far as creating 21st century abilities and growing productive members of society, expanding education will augment HR.

Loyalty is based on devotion, compliance, and allegiance; it is a virtue that serves as a mirror of one's own conduct and character. The drama "Anthony and Cleopatra" by William Shakespeare serves as a focus point for analyzing loyalty, which is demonstrated by constant and steadfast support. This study explores the characters' loyalty using an descriptive qualitative method, offering a fuller understanding of the moral quandaries Shakespeare presents. The study uses text analysis to interpret scenes and interpret speech, illuminating the complex dynamics of Cleopatra and Anthony's fidelity.

The aim of this research is to provide innovation related to learning media for crew members with an independent curriculum adaptation model for Indonesian language subjects, especially learning media for children with visual impairments or who are blind. The method used in this research is a literature review study or literature review. Literature study is a research design used to collect data sources related to a topic found in the field. Data collection for literature studies was carried out using the Google Scholar search tool. The screening results that were appropriate and needed were 3 National Journal articles based on the articles found and analyzed. The results of this research were that a suitable learning media for improving the reading skills of blind students was found to be using audio media in the form of voice recordings.

The development of technology is currently increasingly rapidly providing convenience and benefits for humans, one example of technology that provides entertainment benefits is online games. However, online game addiction is one of several forms of addiction caused by technological developments, one of which is the internet or better known as internet addictive disorder. The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyzing online game addiction experienced by students IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon. 2) Analyze the learning achievements experienced by IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon students. 3) Analyzing the influence of online games on the learning achievement of IAIN Syekh Nurjati Ciebon students. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique applied in the research was interviewing 5 students and distributing questionnaires which were filled in by 15 students. The results of this study show 1) Most respondents (50%) had difficulty stopping playing online games, while 33.3% admitted that they had fairly good control but still felt interested in continuing to play. 2) Effective learning can help pupils and students to achieve learning goals. 3) It can be concluded that 37.5% stated that they do not like playing online games, because they have a very bad effect on learning. In the same percentage, 37.5% stated that they did not agree with online games, but did not provide clear reasons. It can be concluded that the research shows that the majority of respondents have difficulty stopping playing online games, while effective learning can help achieve learning goals, and around 37.5% of respondents stated that they do not like or disagree with online games because they have a bad effect on learning, although some of them they didn't give a clear reason.    

The development of technology is currently increasingly rapidly providing convenience and benefits for humans, one example of technology that provides entertainment benefits is online games. However, online game addiction is one of several forms of addiction caused by technological developments, one of which is the internet or better known as internet addictive disorder. The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyzing online game addiction experienced by students IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon. 2) Analyze the learning achievements experienced by IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon students. 3) Analyzing the influence of online games on the learning achievement of IAIN Syekh Nurjati Ciebon students. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique applied in the research was interviewing 5 students and distributing questionnaires which were filled in by 15 students. The results of this study show 1) Most respondents (50%) had difficulty stopping playing online games, while 33.3% admitted that they had fairly good control but still felt interested in continuing to play. 2) Effective learning can help pupils and students to achieve learning goals. 3) It can be concluded that 37.5% stated that they do not like playing online games, because they have a very bad effect on learning. In the same percentage, 37.5% stated that they did not agree with online games, but did not provide clear reasons. It can be concluded that the research shows that the majority of respondents have difficulty stopping playing online games, while effective learning can help achieve learning goals, and around 37.5% of respondents stated that they do not like or disagree with online games because they have a bad effect on learning, although some of them they didn't give a clear reason.